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Demosthenes · Against Polycles §53-60

Polycles' Refusal at Tenedos and Mother's Death

Passage 8 of 9 · Greek

Summary

Apollodorus requested Polycles to take over the ship and pay the extra expenses in Tenedos during his return voyage, but was refused. He borrowed money to sustain the sailors and returned to Athens, where his dying mother passed away just after his arrival.

§53ἐπειδὴ δʼ οὐκέτι χρεία ἦν αὐτῷ τριήρων, ἐμβιβάσας μοι Λυκῖνον τὸν Παλληνέα ἄρχοντα εἰς τὴν ναῦν, καὶ προστάξας αὐτῷ καθʼ ἡμέραν ἀργύριον διδόναι τοῖς ναύταις, ἀποπλεῖν οἴκαδέ με ἐκέλευεν.
And when Timomachus had no further need of triremes, having put Lycinus of Pallene, the officer, on board my ship and ordered him to give daily money to the sailors, he ordered me to sail home.
ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν καταπλέοντες οἴκαδε ἦμεν ἐν Τενέδῳ, καὶ οὔτε ὁ Λυκῖνος, ᾧ προσέταξεν ὁ Τιμόμαχος, ἐδίδου τοῖς ναύταις σιτηρέσιον (οὐ γὰρ ἔφη ἔχειν, ἀλλʼ ἐκ Μυτιλήνης λήψεσθαι), οἵ τε στρατιῶται εἶχον οὐδὲν ὅτου ἂν ἐπεσιτίσαντο, ἄσιτοι δὲ οὐκ ἂν ἐδύναντο ἐλαύνειν, §54πάλιν παραλαβὼν ἐγὼ μάρτυρας τῶν πολιτῶν, προσελθὼν Πολυκλεῖ τουτῳὶ ἐν Τενέδῳ, ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν τήν τε ναῦν παραλαμβάνειν ὡς διάδοχον ὄντα, καὶ τὸ ἐπιτριηράρχημα ἀποδιδόναι τοῦ χρόνου οὗ ἐπανήλωσα ὑπὲρ τούτου ἐπιτριηραρχῶν, ἵνα μὴ πρόφασις αὐτῷ γένοιτο ἀπολογίας πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ὡς ἐγὼ διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἤθελον αὐτῷ παραδοῦναι τὴν ναῦν φιλοτιμούμενος, ἵνα καταπλεύσαιμι οἴκαδε ἐπὶ νεὼς εὖ πλεούσης καὶ ἐνδειξαίμην ὑμῖν τὰ ἀναλώματα.
When, therefore, in sailing home we were at Tenedos, and neither Lycinus, whom Timomachus had commanded, gave the sailors their subsistence money (for he said he had none, but would get it from Mytilene), and the soldiers had nothing with which to purchase provisions, and without food they could not row, I again took witnesses from among the citizens, and approaching this Polycles here in Tenedos, I urged him both to take over the ship, since he was the successor, and to pay the additional expenses of the trierarchy for the time during which I had performed the service beyond my term on his behalf, so that he might have no pretext for an excuse before you, as though I, out of ambition, had been unwilling to hand over the ship to him, in order that I might sail home on a fast-sailing ship and display my expenditures to you.
§55οὐκ ἐθέλοντος δʼ αὐτοῦ παραλαμβάνειν, τῶν δὲ ναυτῶν ἀργύριον αἰτούντων ἵνα ἀγοράσωνται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια, πάλιν αὐτῷ προσέρχομαι μάρτυρας ἔχων, καὶ ἠρώτων αὐτὸν εἰ ἀναπλεύσειεν ἔχων ἀργύριον ὡς διαδεξόμενός μοι τὴν ναῦν, ἢ οὔ.
And when he refused to take her over, and the sailors were demanding money to buy provisions, I again approached him with witnesses and asked him whether he had sailed out with money to succeed me in the command of the ship, or not.
ἀποκριναμένου δʼ αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἔχων ἀργύριον ἥκοι, ἐκέλευον αὐτόν μοι δανεῖσαι ὑποθέμενον τὰ σκεύη τῆς νεώς, ἵνʼ ἔχοιμι διαδοῦναι τοῖς ναύταις καὶ κατακομίσαι τὴν ναῦν, ἐπειδὴ οὐ βούλεται παραλαβεῖν διάδοχος ὤν.
When he answered that he had come with money, I urged him to lend it to me on the security of the ship's tackle, so that I might have some to distribute to the sailors and bring the ship home, since he did not wish to take her over, though he was the successor.
§56δεομένου δέ μου ταῦτα, ἀπεκρίνατό μοι ὅτι οὐδʼ ἀκαρῆ δανείσοι.
Upon my requesting this, he answered me that he would not lend me even a penny.
ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν παρὰ ξένων Τενεδίων τοῦ πατρός, Κλεάνακτος καὶ Ἐπηράτου, ἐδανεισάμην καὶ ἔδωκα τοῖς ναύταις τὸ σιτηρέσιον· διὰ γὰρ τὸ Πασίωνος εἶναι καὶ ἐκεῖνον ἐπεξενῶσθαι πολλοῖς καὶ πιστευθῆναι ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι οὐκ ἠπόρουν, ὅπου δεηθείην, δανείσασθαι.
I, therefore, borrowed from CleAnax and Epiratus, guest-friends of my father in Tenedos, and gave the sailors their subsistence money; for because of my being the son of Pasion, and because he had established guest-friendships with many and was trusted in Greece, I was not at a loss to borrow wherever I had need.
ὡς οὖν ταῦτα ἀληθῆ πρὸς ὑμᾶς λέγω, τούτων ὑμῖν τὰς μαρτυρίας παρέξομαι.
To show that I am telling you the truth in this, I will present to you the depositions of these facts.
ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ.
DEPOSITIONS.
§57ὅσων μὲν τοίνυν ὑμῖν ἐδυνάμην τὰς μαρτυρίας παρασχέσθαι τῶν παραγενομένων, ὡς παρεδίδουν τὴν ναῦν Πολυκλεῖ πολλάκις, οὗτος δὲ οὐκ ἤθελεν παραλαβεῖν, ἀνέγνωκεν ὑμῖν· ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἐκ τεκμηρίων ἱκανῶν δεδήλωκα ὑμῖν, διʼ ὅ τι οὐκ ἤθελεν παραλαβεῖν τὴν ναῦν.
Now, as many depositions of those present as I was able to present to you, showing that I frequently offered to hand over the ship to Polycles, but that he was unwilling to take her over, the clerk has read to you; and besides, I have shown you by sufficient proofs why he was unwilling to take over the ship.
βούλομαι δʼ ὑμῖν καὶ τὸν νόμον ἀναγνωσθῆναι τὸν περὶ τῶν διαδόχων, ἵνʼ εἰδῆτε ἡλίκων τῶν ἐπιτιμίων ὄντων, ἐάν τις μὴ διαδέξηται τὴν ναῦν ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ τῷ εἰρημένῳ, κατεφρόνησεν οὐκ ἐμοῦ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑμῶν καὶ τῶν νόμων.
I wish also to have the law concerning successors read to you, that you may know how great the penalties are if anyone does not succeed to the ship within the stated time, and how he has shown contempt not only for me, but also for you and for the laws.
§58καὶ διὰ μὲν τοῦτον πάντα τῇ πόλει ἄπρακτα γέγονεν καὶ τοῖς συμμάχοις· οὔτε γὰρ ἀφίκετο ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν κατὰ τὸν νόμον, οὔτʼ ἐπειδὴ ἦλθεν ἠθέλησε διαδέξασθαι·
And on this man's account, everything has been rendered fruitless for the state and for the allies; for he neither arrived at the ship according to the law, nor, when he did come, did he wish to succeed to the command.
ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ τὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ ὑμῖν χρόνον καὶ τὸν ὑπὲρ τοῦ συντριηράρχου ἐλῃτούργησα, καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἐξῆλθέ μοι ὁ χρόνος τῆς τριηραρχίας, προστάττοντός μοι τοῦ στρατηγοῦ πλεῖν ἐφʼ Ἱερὸν παρέπεμψα τῷ δήμῳ τὸν σῖτον, §59ἵνα ἔχητε ἄφθονον ὠνεῖσθαι καὶ μηδὲν ὑμῖν τὸ κατʼ ἐμὲ ἐλλείπηται, καὶ ἄλλα ὅσα ἢ ἐμοὶ ἢ τῇ τριήρει ἐβουλήθη ὁ στρατηγὸς χρῆσθαι, παρέσχον αὐτῷ, οὐ μόνον τὴν οὐσίαν ἀναλίσκων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ σώματι κινδυνεύων συνεπιπλέων, τῶν οἰκείων μοι πραγμάτων τοιούτων συμβεβηκότων ἐν τῷ τότε καιρῷ, ὥστε ὑμᾶς ἂν ἀκούσαντας ἐλεῆσαι.
But I performed the public service both for my own time and for that of my co-trierarch on your behalf, and when my term as trierarch had expired, the general ordering me to sail to Hieron, I convoyed the corn for the people, so that you might have it in abundance to buy, and nothing on my part might be lacking to you; and in all other matters where the general wished to make use of either me or the trireme, I placed myself at his disposal, not only spending my estate, but also risking my life by sailing with him, although my private affairs had fallen into such a condition at that time that you would pity me if you heard of them.
§60ἡ μέν γε μήτηρ ἔκαμνε καὶ ἐπιθάνατος ἦν ἐμοῦ ἀποδημοῦντος, ὥστε μὴ δύνασθαι ἔτι αὐτὴν βοηθῆσαι τοῖς ἐμοῖς πράγμασιν ἀνηλωμένοις ἀλλʼ ἢ βραχέα.
For my mother was sick and at the point of death while I was abroad, so that she was no longer able to assist my exhausted estate except in small measures.
ἑκταῖος γὰρ ἥκων ἐτύγχανον, καὶ ἐκείνη ἰδοῦσά με καὶ προσειποῦσα τὴν ψυχὴν ἀφῆκεν, οὐκέτι τῶν ὄντων κυρία οὖσα ὥστε δοῦναι ὅσα ἐβούλετό μοι.
For I happened to arrive on the sixth day of her illness, and she, having seen me and addressed me, gave up the ghost, being no longer mistress of her property so as to give me as much as she wished.
πολλάκις δὲ πρότερον μετεπέμπετό με, ἀφικέσθαι δεομένη αὐτόν, εἰ μὴ τῇ τριήρει οἷόν τε εἴη.
And many times before she had sent for me, begging me to come to her, even if it were not possible to do so with the trireme.

Notes

  1. §53ᾧ προσέταξεν ὁ Τιμόμαχος — The relative pronoun ᾧ is in the dative case as it serves as the indirect object of the verb προσέταξεν, which governs the dative, referring back to the antecedent Lycinus.
  2. §54τοῦ χρόνου οὗ ἐπανήλωσα — The relative pronoun οὗ is attracted to the genitive case of its antecedent τοῦ χρόνου, whereas syntactically it would otherwise be in the accusative (ὃν) as the duration of time. Alternatively, it can be understood as a genitive of time.
  3. §57ἀνέγνωκεν ὑμῖν — The subject of the verb ἀνέγνωκεν ('has read') is not explicitly stated in the Greek, but is a conventional ellipsis referring to the court clerk (ὁ γραμματεύς).
  4. §60ἑκταῖος γὰρ ἥκων ἐτύγχανον — The adjective ἑκταῖος ('on the sixth day') is used predicatively with the participle ἥκων and the verb ἐτύγχανον to function adverbially, meaning 'I happened to arrive on the sixth day' (of her illness).

Cite this passage

Demosthenes, Against Polycles §53-60. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg050.humanitext-grc2:53-60

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