Humanitext Reader

Demosthenes · Against Lacritus §11-18

Remaining Clauses of the Agreement and Lacritus' Deceit

Passage 2 of 7 · Greek

Summary

After the remaining clauses of the loan agreement and depositions are read, the plaintiff begins to expose how Lacritus, acting as a prominent pupil of Isocrates, guaranteed the transaction but failed to fulfill any part of the agreement once the money was received.

§11"ὑποτιθέασι δὲ ταῦτα, οὐκ ὀφείλοντες ἐπὶ τούτοις ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ οὐδὲν ἀργύριον, οὐδʼ ἐπιδανείσονται.
"They pledge these goods, not owing upon them any money to anyone else, nor will they borrow any additional money.
καὶ ἀπάξουσι τὰ χρήματα τὰ ἐκ τοῦ Πόντου ἀντιφορτισθέντα Ἀθήναζε πάλιν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ πλοίῳ ἅπαντα.
And they shall bring all the goods taken in exchange from the Pontus back to Athens in the same ship.
σωθέντων δὲ τῶν χρημάτων Ἀθήναζε, ἀποδώσουσιν οἱ δανεισάμενοι τοῖς δανείσασι τὸ γιγνόμενον ἀργύριον κατὰ τὴν συγγραφὴν ἡμερῶν εἴκοσιν, ἀφʼ ἧς ἂν ἔλθωσιν Ἀθήναζε, ἐντελὲς πλὴν ἐκβολῆς, ἣν ἂν οἱ σύμπλοι ψηφισάμενοι κοινῇ ἐκβάλωνται, καὶ ἄν τι πολεμίοις ἀποτείσωσιν· τῶν δʼ ἄλλων ἁπάντων ἐντελές.
But if the goods are brought safely to Athens, the borrowers shall pay to the lenders the money due according to the agreement within twenty days from the day they arrive at Athens, in full, except for cargo thrown overboard, which the shipmates by common vote have thrown out, and whatever they may have paid to enemies; but in all other respects in full.
καὶ παρέξουσι τοῖς δανείσασι τὴν ὑποθήκην ἀνέπαφον κρατεῖν, ἕως ἂν ἀποδῶσι τὸ γιγνόμενον ἀργύριον κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν. " §12"ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀποδῶσιν ἐν τῷ συγκειμένῳ χρόνῳ, τὰ ὑποκείμενα τοῖς δανείσασιν ἐξέστω ὑποθεῖναι καὶ ἀποδόσθαι τῆς ὑπαρχούσης τιμῆς· καὶ ἐάν τι ἐλλείπῃ τοῦ ἀργυρίου, ὃ δεῖ γενέσθαι τοῖς δανείσασι κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν, παρὰ Ἀρτέμωνος καὶ Ἀπολλοδώρου ἔστω ἡ πρᾶξις τοῖς δανείσασι καὶ ἐκ τῶν τούτων ἁπάντων, καὶ ἐγγείων καὶ ναυτικῶν, πανταχοῦ ὅπου ἂν ὦσι, καθάπερ δίκην ὠφληκότων καὶ ὑπερημέρων ὄντων, καὶ ἑνὶ ἑκατέρῳ τῶν δανεισάντων καὶ ἀμφοτέροις. " §13"ἐὰν δὲ μὴ εἰσβάλωσι, μείναντες ἐπὶ κυνὶ ἡμέρας δέκα ἐν Ἑλλησπόντῳ, ἐξελόμενοι ὅπου ἂν μὴ σῦλαι ὦσιν Ἀθηναίοις, καὶ ἐντεῦθεν καταπλεύσαντες Ἀθήναζε τοὺς τόκους ἀποδόντων τοὺς πέρυσι γραφέντας εἰς τὴν συγγραφήν.
And they shall allow the lenders to hold the security undamaged until they repay the money due under the agreement." "But if they do not repay in the specified time, it shall be lawful for the lenders to pledge and sell the security at the market price; and if there is any deficit in the money which ought to come to the lenders under the agreement, the lenders shall have the right of execution against Artemon and Apollodorus and from all their property, both on land and at sea, wherever they may be, just as if they had lost a lawsuit and were overdue for payment, both to either one of the lenders or to both." "But if they do not enter the Pontus, having remained in the Hellespont ten days after the rising of the Dog Star, and having discharged their cargo where there are no reprisals against Athenians, and having sailed back from there to Athens, let them pay the interest written in the agreement as last year's rate.
ἐὰν δέ τι ἡ ναῦς πάθῃ ἀνήκεστον ἐν ᾗ ἂν πλέῃ τὰ χρήματα, σωτηρία δʼ ἔσται τῶν ὑποκειμένων, τὰ περιγενόμενα κοινὰ ἔστω τοῖς δανείσασιν.
And if the ship in which the goods are carried suffers any irreparable damage, but the security is saved, the salvage shall belong to the lenders in common.
κυριώτερον δὲ περὶ τούτων ἄλλο μηδὲν εἶναι τῆς συγγραφῆς. " "Μάρτυρες·
In respect to these matters, nothing else shall be more valid than the agreement.
Φορμίων Πειραιεύς, Κηφισόδοτος Βοιώτιος, Ἡλιόδωρος Πιθεύς. " §14λέγε δὴ καὶ τὰς μαρτυρίας.
Witnesses: Phormion of Piraeus, Cephisodotus the Boeotian, Heliodorus of Pitheus." Read now also the depositions.
ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ "Ἀρχενομίδης Ἀρχεδάμαντος Ἀναγυράσιος μαρτυρεῖ συνθήκας παρʼ ἑαυτῷ καταθέσθαι Ἀνδροκλέα Σφήττιον, Ναυσικράτην Καρύστιον, Ἀρτέμωνα, Ἀπολλόδωρον Φασηλίτας, καὶ εἶναι παρʼ ἑαυτῷ ἔτι κειμένην τὴν συγγραφήν. " λέγε δὴ καὶ τὴν τῶν παραγενομένων μαρτυρίαν.
DEPOSITIONS "Archenomides, son of Archedamas, of Anagyrus, testifies that Androcles of Sphettus, Nausicrates of Carystus, Artemon, and Apollodorus of Phaselis deposited the contract with him, and that the agreement is still deposited in his keeping." Read now also the deposition of those who were present.
ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. "Θεόδοτος ἰσοτελής, Χαρῖνος Ἐπιχάρους Λευκονοεύς, Φορμίων Κτησιφῶντος Πειραιεύς, Κηφισόδοτος Βοιώτιος, Ἡλιόδωρος Πιθεὺς μαρτυροῦσι παρεῖναι, ὅτʼ ἐδάνεισεν Ἀνδροκλῆς Ἀπολλοδώρῳ καὶ Ἀρτέμωνι ἀργυρίου τρισχιλίας δραχμάς, καὶ εἰδέναι τὴν συγγραφὴν καταθεμένους παρὰ Ἀρχενομίδῃ Ἀναγυρασίῳ. " §15κατὰ τὴν συγγραφὴν ταύτην, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ἐδάνεισα τὰ χρήματα Ἀρτέμωνι τῷ τούτου ἀδελφῷ, κελεύοντος τούτου καὶ ἀναδεχομένου ἅπαντα ἔσεσθαί μοι τὰ δίκαια κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν, καθʼ ἣν ἐδάνεισα τούτου αὐτοῦ γράφοντος καὶ συσσημηναμένου, ἐπειδὴ ἐγράφη.
DEPOSITION "Theodotus, privileged foreigner, Charinus son of Epichares of Leuconoe, Phormion son of Ctesiphon of Piraeus, Cephisodotus the Boeotian, and Heliodorus of Pitheus testify that they were present when Androcles lent three thousand drachmae of silver to Apollodorus and Artemon, and that they know they deposited the agreement with Archenomides of Anagyrus." According to this agreement, gentlemen of the jury, I lent the money to Artemon, this man's brother, because this man urged me and guaranteed that everything would be justly settled for me according to the agreement, which I lent upon under the drafting and joint-sealing of this very man when it was written.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἀδελφοὶ οἱ τούτου ἔτι νεώτεροι ἦσαν, μειράκια κομιδῇ, οὑτοσὶ δὲ Λάκριτος Φασηλίτης, μέγα πρᾶγμα, Ἰσοκράτους μαθητής·
For his brothers were still younger, mere lads indeed, but Lacritus here, of Phaselis, was a great swell, a pupil of Isocrates.
§16οὗτος ἦν ὁ πάντα διοικῶν, καὶ ἑαυτῷ με τὸν νοῦν προσέχειν ἐκέλευεν· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἔφη ποιήσειν μοι τὰ δίκαια ἅπαντα καὶ ἐπιδημήσειν Ἀθήνησιν, τὸν δὲ ἀδελφὸν τὸν ἑαυτοῦ Ἀρτέμωνα πλεύσεσθαι ἐπὶ τοῖς χρήμασιν.
He was the one who managed everything, and he told me to pay attention to him; for he said that he himself would do everything that was just for me and would reside in Athens, while his brother Artemon would sail with the money.
καὶ τότε μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, ὅτʼ ἐβούλετο τὰ χρήματα λαβεῖν παρʼ ἡμῶν, καὶ ἀδελφὸς ἔφη εἶναι καὶ κοινωνὸς τοῦ Ἀρτέμωνος, καὶ λόγους θαυμασίως ὡς πιθανοὺς ἔλεγεν·
And at that time, gentlemen of the jury, when he wished to get the money from us, he claimed that he was a brother and a partner of Artemon, and spoke words that were wonderfully persuasive.
§17ἐπειδὴ δὲ τάχιστα ἐγκρατεῖς ἐγένοντο τοῦ ἀργυρίου, τοῦτο μὲν διενείμαντο καὶ ἐχρῶντο ὅ τι ἐδόκει τούτοις, κατὰ δὲ τὴν συγγραφὴν τὴν ναυτικήν, καθʼ ἣν ἔλαβον τὰ χρήματα, οὔτε μέγα οὔτε μικρὸν ἔπραττον, ὡς αὐτὸ τὸ ἔργον ἐδήλωσεν.
But as soon as they got possession of the silver, they divided it and used it as they pleased; but they did nothing either great or small according to the maritime agreement under which they received the money, as the fact itself showed.
οὑτοσὶ δὲ Λάκριτος ἁπάντων ἦν τούτων ὁ ἐξηγητής.
And Lacritus here was the director of all these doings.
καθʼ ἕκαστον δὲ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τῇ συγγραφῇ ἐπιδείξω τούτους οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν πεποιηκότας ὑγιές.
I will show, with respect to each of the items written in the agreement, that they have done nothing whatever that is honest.
§18πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ γέγραπται ὅτι ἐπʼ οἴνου κεραμίοις τρισχιλίοις ἐδανείζοντο παρʼ ἡμῶν τὰς τριάκοντα μνᾶς, ὡς ὑπαρχούσης αὐτοῖς ὑποθήκης ἑτέρων τριάκοντα μνῶν, ὥστε εἰς τάλαντον ἀργυρίου τὴν τιμὴν εἶναι τοῦ οἴνου καθισταμένην, σὺν τοῖς ἀναλώμασιν, ὅσα ἔδει ἀναλίσκεσθαι εἰς τὴν κατασκευὴν τὴν περὶ τὸν οἶνον· τὰ δὲ τρισχίλια κεράμια ἄγεσθαι ταῦτα εἰς τὸν Πόντον ἐν τῇ εἰκοσόρῳ ἣν Ὑβλήσιος ἐναυκλήρει.
For first of all, it is written that they borrowed the thirty minae from us on the security of three thousand jars of wine, as if they had an additional security of another thirty minae, so that the price of the wine, including the expenses to be incurred for the preparation of the wine, should amount to a talent of silver; and that these three thousand jars should be carried to the Pontus in the twenty-oared ship of which Hyblesius was shipmaster.

Notes

  1. §11σωθέντων δὲ τῶν χρημάτων — A genitive absolute construction with the noun τῶν χρημάτων acting as the subject of the participle. It expresses a conditional meaning ('if the goods are brought safely').
  2. §12καθάπερ δίκην ὠφληκότων καὶ ὑπερημέρων ὄντων — A participial phrase introduced by the conjunction καθάπερ, modifying Ἀρτέμωνος καὶ Ἀπολλοδώρου. It legally stipulates that the right of execution (πρᾶξις) applies to them as if they had already lost a lawsuit and defaulted on payment.
  3. §13ἀποδόντων — An aorist active imperative third-person plural form (using the archaic Attic ending -ντων, equivalent to -τωσαν). The subject is the borrowers (οἱ δανεισάμενοι) mentioned earlier.
  4. §15κελεύοντος τούτου καὶ ἀναδεχομένου — A genitive absolute construction with the demonstrative pronoun τούτου (referring here to Lacritus) as its subject, explaining the reason why Androcles lent the money.
  5. §18ὡς ὑπαρχούσης αὐτοῖς ὑποθήκης — A genitive absolute construction accompanied by the conjunction ὡς, which indicates a subjective reason or an assumed assumption ('as if there were a security existing for them'), representing a false premise.

Cite this passage

Demosthenes, Against Lacritus §11-18. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg035.humanitext-grc2:11-18

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.