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Demosthenes · Against Apaturius §16-23

Unjust Arbitrament and Refutation of Suretyship

Passage 3 of 5 · Greek

Summary

The speaker explains how Apatourius and Aristocles conspired to destroy the arbitration agreement, leading Aristocles to issue an unjust unilateral award by default while Parmenon was away due to a disaster. He then refutes the claim that he was Parmenon's surety, arguing based on the identity of the true surety and the time elapsed.

§16ὅτι μὲν ἐτέθησαν αἱ συνθῆκαι παρὰ Ἀριστοκλεῖ καὶ ἡ ἐπιτροπὴ ἐγένετο Φωκρίτῳ καὶ Ἀριστοκλεῖ καὶ ἐμοί, οἱ εἰδότες ταῦτα μεμαρτυρήκασιν ὑμῖν.
That the agreements were deposited with Aristocles and the arbitration was referred to Phocritus, Aristocles, and me, those who know these facts have testified to you.
δέομαι δέ, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί, τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα πραχθέντα ἀκοῦσαί μου· ἐντεῦθεν γὰρ ἔσται φανερὸν ὑμῖν, ὅτι συκοφαντοῦμαι ὑπὸ τουτουὶ Ἀπατουρίου.
But I beg of you, men of the jury, to hear from me what was done after this; for from this it will be clear to you that I am being maliciously prosecuted by this Apatourius.
ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ᾔσθετο ὁμογνώμονας ὄντας ἐμὲ καὶ τὸν Φώκριτον καὶ ἔγνω καταδιαιτήσοντας ἡμᾶς ἑαυτοῦ, λῦσαι βουλόμενος τὴν ἐπιτροπήν, διαφθεῖραι τὰς συνθήκας ἐπεχείρησε μετὰ τοῦ ἔχοντος αὐτάς.
For when he perceived that Phocritus and I were of one mind, and knew that we would decide the arbitration against him, wishing to dissolve the arbitration, he attempted to destroy the agreements in collusion with the one who held them.
§17καὶ ἦλθεν ἐπὶ τὸ ἀμφισβητεῖν ὡς αὑτῷ διαιτητὴς εἴη ὁ Ἀριστοκλῆς, τὸν δὲ Φώκριτον καὶ ἐμὲ οὐδενὸς κυρίους ἔφησεν εἶναι ἀλλʼ ἢ τοῦ διαλῦσαι.
And he went so far as to contend that Aristocles was his sole arbitrator, and asserted that Phocritus and I had no authority over anything except to effect a reconciliation.
ἀγανακτήσας δὴ τῷ λόγῳ ὁ Παρμένων ἠξίου τὸν Ἀριστοκλέα ἐκφέρειν τὰς συνθήκας, οὐ πόρρω φάσκων εἶναι τὸν ἔλεγχον, εἴ τι κακουργοῖτο περὶ τὰ γράμματα· γεγραφέναι γὰρ αὐτὰ οἰκέτην ἑαυτοῦ.
Parmenon, being indignant at this statement, demanded that Aristocles produce the agreements, saying that the test was not far off if any fraud had been committed regarding the writing; for his own servant had written them.
§18ὁμολογήσας δὲ ἐξοίσειν τὰς συνθήκας ὁ Ἀριστοκλῆς ἐμφανεῖς μὲν οὔπω καὶ τήμερον ἐνήνοχεν, εἰς δὲ τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν συγκειμένην ἀπαντήσας εἰς τὸ Ἡφαιστεῖον, προὐφασίζετο ὡς ὁ παῖς περιμένων αὑτὸν ἀπολωλεκὼς εἴη τὸ γραμματεῖον καθεύδων.
Although Aristocles agreed to produce the agreements, he has not brought them to light even to this day, but meeting on the appointed day at the temple of Hephaestus, he made the excuse that the boy who was waiting for him had lost the tablet while asleep.
ὁ δὲ ταῦτα κατασκευάζων ἦν Ἐρυξίας ὁ ἰατρὸς ὁ ἐκ Πειραιῶς, οἰκείως ἔχων τῷ Ἀριστοκλεῖ· ὅσπερ καὶ ἐμοὶ τοῦ ἀγῶνος αἴτιός ἐστιν, διαφόρως ἔχων.
The one who contrived this was Eryxias, the physician from Peiraeus, who was an intimate friend of Aristocles; he is also the cause of this lawsuit against me, being at variance with me.
καὶ ὡς ἐσκήψατο ἀπολωλέναι ὁ Ἀριστοκλῆς, ἀκούσατε τῶν μαρτυριῶν. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑΙ. §19ἐντεῦθεν τοίνυν τὸ μὲν τῆς ἐπιτροπῆς ἐλέλυτο, ἠφανισμένων τῶν συνθηκῶν καὶ τῶν διαιτητῶν ἀντιλεγομένων·
And to show that Aristocles pretended that they were lost, hear the testimonies. [TESTIMONIES] Thereupon, indeed, the arbitration was dissolved, the agreements having disappeared and the arbitrators being at variance.
ἐπιχειροῦντες δὲ γράφειν ἑτέρας συνθήκας περὶ τούτων διηνέχθησαν, οὗτος μὲν ἀξιῶν τὸν Ἀριστοκλέα, ὁ δὲ Παρμένων τοὺς τρεῖς, οἷσπερ καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἡ ἐπιτροπὴ ἐγένετο.
And attempting to draw up other agreements concerning these matters, they disagreed, this man demanding Aristocles as sole arbitrator, and Parmenon demanding the three to whom the arbitration had been referred from the beginning.
οὐ γραφεισῶν δʼ ἑτέρων συνθηκῶν, τῶν δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἀφανισθεισῶν, εἰς τοῦτʼ ἦλθεν ἀναιδείας ὁ ἠφανικὼς τὰς συνθήκας, ὥστε εἷς ὢν ἀποφανεῖσθαι ἔφη τὴν δίαιταν.
No other agreements having been drawn up, and those from the beginning having disappeared, the one who had made the agreements disappear came to such a pitch of impudence that he said he would pronounce the award alone.
παρακαλέσας δὲ ὁ Παρμένων μάρτυρας ἀπεῖπεν τῷ Ἀριστοκλεῖ μὴ ἀποφαίνεσθαι παρὰ τὰς συνθήκας καθʼ αὑτοῦ ἄνευ τῶν συνδιαιτητῶν.
Parmenon, having called witnesses, forbade Aristocles to pronounce the award against him contrary to the agreements without his co-arbitrators.
καὶ ὧν ἐναντίον ἀπεῖπεν, ἀκούσατε τῆς μαρτυρίας. ΜΑΡΤΥΡΙΑ. §20μετὰ ταῦτα τοίνυν τῷ Παρμένοντι συνέβη συμφορὰ δεινή, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί.
And hear the testimony of those in whose presence he forbade him. [TESTIMONY] After this, therefore, a terrible misfortune befell Parmenon, men of the jury.
οἰκοῦντος γὰρ αὐτοῦ ἐν Ὀφρυνείῳ διὰ τὴν οἴκοθεν φυγήν, ὅτε ὁ σεισμὸς ἐγένετο ὁ περὶ Χερρόνησον, συμπεσούσης αὐτῷ τῆς οἰκίας ἀπώλοντο ἡ γυνὴ καὶ οἱ παῖδες.
For while he was living in Ophryneium on account of his exile from home, when the earthquake occurred around Chersonesus, his house collapsed upon him and his wife and children perished.
καὶ ὁ μὲν πυθόμενος τὴν συμφορὰν ᾤχετο ἐνθένδε ἀποπλέων· ὁ δὲ Ἀριστοκλῆς, διαμαρτυραμένου τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐναντίον μαρτύρων μὴ ἀποφαίνεσθαι καθʼ αὑτοῦ ἄνευ τῶν συνδιαιτητῶν, ἀποδημήσαντος τοῦ ἀνθρώπου διὰ τὴν συμφορὰν ἐρήμην κατʼ αὐτοῦ ἀπεφήνατο τὴν δίαιταν.
And he, having heard of the misfortune, departed from here by sea; but Aristocles, although the man had protested in the presence of witnesses not to pronounce the award against him without his co-arbitrators, pronounced the award against him by default when the man had gone abroad because of the misfortune.
§21καὶ ἐγὼ μὲν καὶ ὁ Φώκριτος ἐν ταῖς αὐταῖς συνθήκαις γεγραμμένοι, ὅτι ἠμφεσβήτησεν οὗτος μὴ εἶναι ἡμᾶς διαιτητὰς αὑτῷ, ἐφύγομεν τὸ διαιτῆσαι· ὁ δὲ οὐ μόνον ἀμφισβητηθείς, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπορρηθὲν αὐτῷ, οὐδὲν ἧττον τὴν ἀπόφασιν ἐποιήσατο.
And while Phocritus and I, who were written down in the same agreements, declined to arbitrate because this man disputed that we were his arbitrators; he, although not only disputed but also forbidden, nevertheless made the pronouncement.
ὃ οὔτε ὑμῶν οὔτε τῶν ἄλλων Ἀθηναίων ὑπομείναι ἂν ποιῆσαι οὐδείς.
This is something which none of you, nor any other of the Athenians, would tolerate doing.
§22ἃ μὲν οὖν περὶ τὴν ἀφάνισιν τῶν συνθηκῶν καὶ περὶ τὴν γνῶσιν τῆς διαίτης Ἀπατουρίῳ καὶ τῷ διαιτητῇ πέπρακται, ἐάν ποτε σωθῇ ὁ ἠδικημένος, δίκην παρʼ αὐτῶν λήψεται·
Now, as to what has been done by Apatourius and the arbitrator concerning the disappearance of the agreements and the decision of the arbitration, if the wronged man is ever saved, he will get satisfaction from them.
ἐπειδὴ δʼ εἰς τοῦτο ἐλήλυθεν Ἀπατούριος ἀναιδείας, ὥστε κἀμοὶ δικάζεται, ἐπιφέρων αἰτίαν ὡς ἀνεδεξάμην ἐκτείσειν, εἴ τι καταγνωσθείη τοῦ Παρμένοντος, καί φησιν ἐγγραφῆναι εἰς τὰς συνθήκας ἐμὲ ἐγγυητήν, ὥσπερ προσήκει τοιαύτην αἰτίαν ἀπολύσασθαι, πρῶτον μὲν ὑμῖν μάρτυρας παρασχήσομαι ὡς οὐκ ἠγγυησάμην ἐγὼ τὸν Παρμένοντα, ἀλλʼ Ἄρχιππος Μυρρινούσιος, ἔπειτα πειράσομαι καὶ ἐκ τεκμηρίων τὴν ἀπολογίαν ποιήσασθαι, ὦ ἄνδρες δικασταί.
But since Apatourius has come to such a pitch of impudence as to bring a lawsuit even against me, bringing a charge that I undertook to pay if any judgment should be given against Parmenon, and asserting that I was registered in the agreements as surety; as it is proper to clear oneself of such a charge, I will first produce witnesses to you that I did not become surety for Parmenon, but Archippus of Myrrhinus did, and then, men of the jury, I will also try to make my defense from circumstantial evidence.
§23πρῶτον μὲν οὖν τὸν χρόνον ἐμαυτῷ ἡγοῦμαι μάρτυρα εἶναι τοῦ μὴ ἀληθὲς τὸ ἔγκλημα εἶναι.
First of all, then, I consider time itself to be a witness for me that the accusation is not true.
ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἐπιτροπὴ τούτῳ πρὸς τὸν Παρμένοντα τρίτον ἔτος γέγονεν καὶ ἡ γνῶσις τοῦ Ἀριστοκλέους· αἱ δὲ λήξεις τοῖς ἐμπόροις τῶν δικῶν ἔμμηνοί εἰσιν ἀπὸ τοῦ βοηδρομιῶνος μέχρι τοῦ μουνιχιῶνος, ἵνα παραχρῆμα τῶν δικαίων τυχόντες ἀνάγωνται.
For the arbitration between him and Parmenon and the decision of Aristocles took place three years ago; and the bringing of lawsuits for merchants is monthly from the month of Boedromion to Munychion, in order that they may obtain justice immediately and set sail.
εἰ δὴ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ ἐγγυητὴς ἦν τοῦ Παρμένοντος, διὰ τί πρῶτον μὲν οὐκ εὐθὺς τῆς γνώσεως γενομένης ἐπράττετο τὴν ἐγγύην;
If indeed in truth I was the surety for Parmenon, why, in the first place, did he not demand payment of the surety immediately after the decision was made?

Notes

  1. 16καταδιαιτήσοντας — Future active participle agreeing with the accusative ἡμᾶς, serving as the supplementary participle after the verb of knowing ἔγνω, indicating the anticipation of a future action ("knew that we would decide against").
  2. 19εἰς τοῦτʼ ἦλθεν ἀναιδείας — A combination of the demonstrative pronoun in the accusative τοῦτο and the partitive genitive of quality/degree ἀναιδείας, expressing an extreme degree ("came to such a pitch of impudence").
  3. 21ἀπορρηθὲν αὐτῷ — Accusative absolute construction using the neuter singular participle of an impersonal verbal expression, functioning concessively ("although it was forbidden to him").
  4. 23τρίτον ἔτος — Accusative of duration or point of time, meaning "the third year" (i.e., "three years ago"). The use of the ordinal number denotes the time elapsed since the event.

Cite this passage

Demosthenes, Against Apaturius §16-23. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg033.humanitext-grc2:16-23

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