§1ὅτι μὲν τοίνυν καὶ ὀφείλει τῷ δημοσίῳ Ἀριστογείτων οὑτοσὶ καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπίτιμος, καὶ οἱ νόμοι διαρρήδην ἀπαγορεύουσιν μὴ ἐξεῖναι λέγειν τοῖς τοιούτοις, φανερῶς ἐπιδέδεικται, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι.
That Aristogeiton here both owes money to the treasury and does not possess civic rights, and that the laws explicitly forbid such people from speaking, has been clearly demonstrated, men of Athens.
δεῖ δʼ ὑμᾶς ἅπαντας μὲν ἀπείργειν καὶ κωλύειν τοὺς παρανομοῦντας, πολὺ δὲ μάλιστα τοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἀρχαῖς ὄντας καὶ τοὺς πολιτευομένους· §2διὰ γὰρ τούτους τὰ κοινὰ καὶ βλάπτεσθαι πέφυκεν, ἐὰν ὦσι φαῦλοι, καὶ τὰ μέγιστα πάλιν ὠφελεῖσθαι, ἐὰν ὦσιν ἐπιεικεῖς καὶ θέλωσιν ἐμμένειν τοῖς νόμοις.
It is necessary for all of you to restrain and prevent those who violate the laws, and much most of all those who are in office and in public life; for because of them, the public interest is by nature both harmed, if they are bad, and again benefited in the greatest degree, if they are decent and willing to abide by the laws.
ὡς ἐὰν ἅπαξ δῶτε τοῖς ὑπὲρ τῶν κοινῶν ἐγχειροῦσί τι πράττειν τὸ παρανομεῖν καὶ καταφρονεῖν τῶν ὡρισμένων δικαίων, ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστιν ἅπαντας ἀπολαύειν τοὺς μετέχοντας τῆς πόλεως.
Since if you once grant to those who attempt to act on behalf of the public interest [the license] to break the laws and hold established rights in contempt, it is necessary that all those who share in the state suffer the consequences.
§3ὥσπερ γὰρ τῶν ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἃ συμβαίνει περὶ τοὺς πλοῦς, ὅταν μὲν τῶν ναυτῶν τις ἁμάρτῃ, βραχεῖαν τὴν βλάβην ἤνεγκεν, ὅταν δʼ ὁ κυβερνήτης ἀποσφαλῇ, κοινὴν τὴν ἀτυχίαν ἅπασι τοῖς ἐμπλέουσι παρεσκεύασεν, ὡσαύτως τὰ μὲν τῶν ἰδιωτῶν ἁμαρτήματα οὐκ εἰς τὸ πλῆθος, εἰς δʼ αὐτοὺς ἤνεγκε τὰς βλάβας, τὰ δὲ τῶν ἀρχόντων καὶ πολιτευομένων εἰς ἅπαντας ἀφικνεῖται.
For just as, among the errors committed on ships during voyages, when one of the sailors makes a mistake, it brings a brief harm, but when the helmsman goes astray, he causes a common disaster for all aboard; in the same way, the errors of private citizens bring harm not upon the multitude but upon themselves, whereas those of magistrates and politicians reach everyone.
§4διὸ καὶ τὰς τιμωρίας ὁ Σόλων τοῖς μὲν ἰδιώταις ἐποίησε βραδείας, ταῖς δʼ ἀρχαῖς καὶ τοῖς δημαγωγοῖς ταχείας, ὑπολαμβάνων τοῖς μὲν ἐνδέχεσθαι καὶ παρὰ τὸν χρόνον τὸ δίκαιον λαβεῖν, τοῖς δʼ οὐκ ἐνεῖναι περιμεῖναι· τὸ γὰρ τιμωρησόμενον οὐχ ὑπέσται τῆς πολιτείας καταλυθείσης.
Therefore Solon made punishments slow for private citizens, but swift for magistrates and demagogues, assuming that for the former it is possible to obtain justice even in course of time, but for the latter it is not possible to wait; for there will be no one to inflict punishment if the constitution is overthrown.
καὶ τούτοις τοῖς δικαίοις οὐδεὶς οὕτως οὔτʼ ἀναιδὴς οὔθʼ ὑπὲρ ὑμᾶς φρονῶν ἐστὶν ὅστις ἀντιλέγειν ἐπιχειρήσει, πλὴν Ἀριστογείτονος τουτουὶ καὶ τῆς τούτου πονηρίας.
And against these principles of justice no one is so shameless or so conceited as to attempt to speak against them, except this Aristogeiton and his wickedness.
ἀλλὰ πάσας καὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τοὺς πολιτευομένους εὑρήσομεν, ἐπειδὰν ἅπαξ τι καταγνῶθʼ ὑμεῖς, τούτοις ἐμμένοντας.
But we shall find that all magistrates and politicians, once you have condemned them in any way, abide by these.
§5τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ ὅταν ἀποχειροτονηθῶσι τινες τῶν ἐν ταῖς ἀρχαῖς, παραχρῆμα πέπαυνται ἄρχοντες καὶ τοὺς στεφάνους περιῄρηνται· τοῦτο δʼ ὅσοις τῶν θεσμοθετῶν εἰς Ἄρειον πάγον οὐχ οἷόν τʼ ἐστὶν ἀνελθεῖν, παρέντες τὸ βιάζεσθαι στέργουσιν ταῖς ὑμετέραις γνώσεσι.
For, on the one hand, whenever any of those in office are voted out, they immediately cease to rule and have their crowns stripped off; on the other hand, those of the Thesmothetae who are not permitted to ascend to the Areopagus, giving up any attempt at force, content themselves with your decisions.
καὶ τοῦτʼ εἰκότως· ὥσπερ γάρ, ὅταν ἄρχωσι, τοὺς ἰδιώτας οἴονται δεῖν αὑτοῖς πειθαρχεῖν, ὡσαύτως, ὅταν αὐτοὶ ἰδιῶται γένωνται πάλιν, τοῖς τῆς πόλεως ἄρχουσι νόμοις δικαίως ἂν ἀκολουθοῖεν.
And this is reasonable; for just as, when they rule, they think that private citizens ought to obey them, so likewise, when they themselves become private citizens again, they would justly follow the laws that rule the city.
§6ἔτι τοίνυν οἱ πολιτευόμενοι πάντες, ἐκ τῶν παλαιῶν εἰ βούλεσθʼ ἀρξάμενοι χρόνων θεωρεῖν, ὡσαύτως φαίνονται εἴκοντες τοῖς ὑμετέροις δικαίοις.
Furthermore, all politicians, if you wish to begin examining from ancient times, clearly yield likewise to your principles of justice.
Ἀριστείδην μέν γέ φασιν ὑπὸ τῶν προγόνων μετασταθέντʼ ἐν Αἰγίνῃ διατρίβειν, ἕως ὁ δῆμος αὐτὸν κατεδέξατο, Μιλτιάδην δὲ καὶ Περικλέα ὀφλόντας, τὸν μὲν τριάκοντα, τὸν δὲ πεντήκοντα τάλαντα, ἐκτείσαντας οὕτω δημηγορεῖν.
They say indeed that Aristides, having been banished by your ancestors, lived in Aegina until the people recalled him; and that Miltiades and Pericles, having been fined, the one thirty talents and the other fifty, only spoke in public after they had paid it off.
§7ὃ καὶ δεινότατον ἂν εἴη συμβαῖνον, τοὺς μὲν πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα ποιήσαντας ὑμᾶς ἀγαθὰ μὴ τυχεῖν ταύτης τῆς δωρειᾶς, ὥστε παρὰ τοὺς νόμους τι τοὺς κειμένους ὑμῖν πρᾶξαι, τὸν δὲ μηδὲν μὲν ἀγαθὸν εἰργασμένον, ὑπερπληθῆ δʼ ἐξημαρτηκότα, τοῦτον οὕτω προχείρως φαίνεσθαι καὶ παρὰ τὸ συμφέρον καὶ τὸ δίκαιον ἐξουσίαν παρʼ ὑμῶν τοῦ παρανομεῖν εἰληφότα.
Which indeed would be the most terrible thing to happen: that those who have done many great benefits to you did not obtain this privilege, namely, to act in any way contrary to the established laws, whereas he who has done no good but has sinned excessively, should clearly have received so readily from you, contrary to what is expedient and just, the license to break the laws.
καὶ τί δεῖ λέγειν περὶ τῶν παλαιῶν;
And why is it necessary to speak of ancient times?
ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἐφʼ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν ἀναλογίσασθε, εἴ τις οὕτως ἀναιδὴς γέγονεν πώποτε· οὐδένα γὰρ ἂν εὕροιτε, εἰ βουλήσεσθʼ ἀκριβῶς ἐξετάζειν.
But consider those in your own days, if anyone has ever been so shameless; for you would find no one, if you wish to examine closely.
§8χωρὶς τοίνυν τούτων, ὅταν τις ψηφίσματος ἢ νόμου γραφὴν ἀπενέγκῃ πρὸς τοὺς θεσμοθέτας, ὁ μὲν νόμος ἢ τὸ ψήφισμʼ ἄκυρόν ἐστιν, ὁ δὲ θεὶς ἢ γράψας οὐδὲν ἀναισχυντεῖ βιαζόμενος, ἀλλʼ ὅ τι ἂν ὑμεῖς ψηφίσησθε, τούτῳ ἐμμένει, κἂν ᾖ πρῶτος τῷ δύνασθαι λέγειν ἢ πράττειν ἐν ὑμῖν.
Apart, then, from these things, whenever someone brings an indictment against a decree or a law before the Thesmothetae, the law or decree is suspended, and the proposer or drafter does not shamelessly use force, but abides by whatever you vote, even if he is the foremost in power of speech or action among you.
καίτοι πῶς οὐκ ἄτοπον, ἃ μὲν ἅπαντες ὑμεῖς συλλεγέντες ἐψηφίσασθε, διὰ τοὺς νόμους ἄκυρʼ εἶναι, τὴν δʼ Ἀριστογείτονος βούλησιν εἰς τὸ παρανομεῖν κυριωτέραν οἴεσθαι δεῖν τῶν νόμων αὐτῶν καταστῆσαι;
And yet how is it not absurd that, while things which all of you in assembly have voted are invalid because of the laws, you should think it right to establish the will of Aristogeiton to break the law as more authoritative than the laws themselves?
§9πάλιν τοίνυν ὅταν τις ἐπεξιὼν μὴ μεταλάβῃ τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψήφων, ἐφʼ οἷς οἱ νόμοι κελεύουσι τὸ λοιπὸν μὴ γράφεσθαι μηδʼ ἀπάγειν μηδʼ ἐφηγεῖσθαι, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον παρὰ ταῦτʼ οὐδεὶς οἴεται δεῖν πράττειν τῶν ἐνόχων ὄντων τούτοις τοῖς ἐπιτιμίοις.
Again, then, whenever a prosecutor fails to obtain one-fifth of the votes, in cases where the laws forbid him henceforth to indict or arrest or lead away, in the same way no one of those liable to these penalties thinks he should act contrary to this.
Ἀριστογείτονι δέ, ὡς ἔοικε, μόνῳ τῶν ἁπάντων οὐδὲν οὔτε δικαστήριον οὔτε νόμος κυριώτερόν ἐστι τῆς αὑτοῦ βουλήσεως.
But for Aristogeiton alone of all men, it seems, neither court nor law is more authoritative than his own will.