Humanitext Reader

Demosthenes · Philip’s Letter §9-16

Philip's Defense Against Inconsistencies and Call for Arbitration

Passage 2 of 3 · Greek

Summary

Philip defends his actions regarding the inconsistencies in Athenian citizenship grants, conflicts over Cardia and Peparethos, and Athenian hostilities, renewing his proposal for a judicial settlement.

§9καίτοι πῶς ἐστὶ τοῦτʼ ἴσον ἢ δίκαιον, ὅταν μὲν ὑμῖν συμφέρῃ, πολέμιον εἶναι φάσκειν αὐτὸν τῆς πόλεως, ὅταν δʼ ἐμὲ συκοφαντεῖν βούλησθε, πολίτην ἀποδείκνυσθαι τὸν αὐτὸν ὑφʼ ὑμῶν· καὶ Σιτάλκου μὲν ἀποθανόντος, ᾧ μετέδοτε τῆς πολιτείας, εὐθὺς ποιήσασθαι πρὸς τὸν ἀποκτείναντα φιλίαν, ὑπὲρ δὲ Κερσοβλέπτου πόλεμον αἴρεσθαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς;
And yet how is this fair or just, that when it is to your advantage, you declare him an enemy of the city, but when you wish to slander me, the very same man is represented by you as a citizen; and that when Sitalces died, on whom you had bestowed citizenship, you immediately formed a friendship with his murderer, but on behalf of Cersobleptes you undertake war against us?
καὶ ταῦτα σαφῶς εἰδότας ὅτι τῶν λαμβανόντων τὰς δωρεὰς τὰς τοιαύτας οὐδεὶς οὔτε τῶν νόμων οὔτε τῶν ψηφισμάτων οὐδὲν φροντίζει τῶν ὑμετέρων.
And this when you know clearly that none of those who receive such gifts care at all for either your laws or your decrees.
§10οὐ μὴν ἀλλʼ εἰ δεῖ πάντα τἄλλα παραλιπόντα συντόμως εἰπεῖν, ὑμεῖς ἔδοτε πολιτείαν Εὐαγόρᾳ τῷ Κυπρίῳ καὶ Διονυσίῳ τῷ Συρακοσίῳ καὶ τοῖς ἐκγόνοις τοῖς ἐκείνων.
Nevertheless, if, leaving aside all else, I must speak briefly, you gave citizenship to Evagoras the Cypriot and to Dionysius the Syracusan, and to their descendants.
ἐὰν οὖν πείσητε τοὺς ἐκβαλόντας ἑκατέρους αὐτῶν ἀποδοῦναι πάλιν τὰς ἀρχὰς τοῖς ἐκπεσοῦσι, κομίζεσθε καὶ παρʼ ἐμοῦ τὴν Θρᾴκην, ὅσης Τήρης καὶ Κερσοβλέπτης ἦρχον.
If, therefore, you can persuade those who expelled each of them to restore their realms to the exiles, recover Thrace from me as well, as much of it as Teres and Cersobleptes used to rule.
εἰ δὲ τοῖς μὲν ἐκείνων κρατήσασι μηδʼ ἐγκαλεῖν ἀξιοῦτε μηδέν, ἐμὲ δʼ ἐνοχλεῖτε, πῶς οὐ δικαίως ὑμᾶς ἀμυνοίμην ἄν;
But if you do not even think fit to make any complaint against those who overcame them, yet you harass me, how should I not be justified in defending myself against you?
§11περὶ μὲν οὖν τούτων πολλὰ λέγειν ἔχων ἔτι δίκαια, παραλιπεῖν προαιροῦμαι· Καρδιανοῖς δέ φημι βοηθεῖν, γεγονὼς αὐτοῖς πρὸ τῆς εἰρήνης σύμμαχος, οὐκ ἐθελόντων δʼ ὑμῶν ἐλθεῖν εἰς κρίσιν, πολλάκις μὲν ἐμοῦ δεηθέντος, οὐκ ὀλιγάκις δʼ ἐκείνων·
Now, though I have many more just arguments to offer on these matters, I prefer to pass them over; but I say that I am aiding the Cardians because I became their ally before the peace, and because you refused to submit to arbitration, although I repeatedly requested it, and they did so not seldom.
ὥστε πῶς οὐκ ἂν εἴην πάντων φαυλότατος, εἰ καταλιπὼν τοὺς συμμάχους μᾶλλον ὑμῶν φροντίζοιμι τῶν πάντα μοι τρόπον ἐνοχλούντων ἢ τῶν βεβαίως μοι φίλων ἀεὶ μενόντων;
Consequently, how should I not be the most base of all men, if, abandoning my allies, I should care more for you, who harass me in every way, than for those who always remain my steadfast friends?
§12εἰ τοίνυν δεῖ μηδὲ τοῦτο παραλιπεῖν, εἰς τοσοῦτον ἐληλύθατε πλεονεξίας ὥστε πρότερον μὲν ἐνεκαλεῖτέ μοι τὰ προειρημένα μόνον, τὰ δʼ ὑπογυιότατα Πεπαρηθίων φασκόντων δεινὰ πεπονθέναι προσετάξατε τῷ στρατηγῷ δίκην παρʼ ἐμοῦ λαβεῖν ὑπὲρ ἐκείνων, οὓς ἐγὼ μὲν ἐτιμωρησάμην ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ προσῆκεν, ἐκεῖνοι δʼ εἰρήνης οὔσης καταλαβόντες Ἁλόννησον οὔτε τὸ χωρίον οὔτε τοὺς φρουροὺς ἀπεδίδοσαν πέμψαντος ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἐμοῦ πολλάκις.
Furthermore, if I must not omit this either, you have reached such a pitch of greed that whereas formerly you made only the aforementioned accusations against me, quite recently, because the Peparethians claimed to have suffered outrage, you ordered your general to exact satisfaction from me on their behalf, whom I punished more mildly than they deserved, since they, although there was peace, seized Halonnesus and would restore neither the place nor the garrison, though I sent many times concerning them.
§13ὑμεῖς δʼ ὧν μὲν ἠδίκησαν ἐμὲ Πεπαρήθιοι, τούτων μὲν οὐδὲν ἐπεσκέψασθε, τὴν δὲ τιμωρίαν, ἀκριβῶς εἰδότες.
Yet you, as for the wrongs which the Peparethians did to me, examined none of them, but you concern yourselves only with their punishment, although you know it accurately.
καίτοι τὴν νῆσον οὔτʼ ἐκείνους οὔθʼ ὑμᾶς ἀφειλόμην, ἀλλὰ τὸν λῃστὴν Σώστρατον.
And yet I did not take the island from them or from you, but from the pirate Sostratus.
εἰ μὲν οὖν αὐτοί φατε παραδοῦναι Σωστράτῳ, λῃστὰς ὁμολογεῖτε καταπέμπειν· εἰ δʼ ἀκόντων ὑμῶν ἐκεῖνος ἐκράτει, τί δεινὸν πεπόνθατε λαβόντος ἐμοῦ καὶ τὸν τόπον τοῖς πλέουσιν ἀσφαλῆ παρέχοντος;
If, therefore, you say that you yourselves surrendered it to Sostratus, you confess that you send out pirates; but if he held it against your will, what outrage have you suffered when I captured it and made the place safe for navigation?
§14τοσαύτην δέ μου ποιουμένου πρόνοιαν τῆς ὑμετέρας πόλεως, καὶ διδόντος αὐτῇ τὴν νῆσον, οἱ ῥήτορες λαμβάνειν μὲν οὐκ εἴων, ἀπολαβεῖν δὲ συνεβούλευον, ὅπως ὑπομείνας μὲν τὸ προσταττόμενον τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν ἔχειν ὁμολογῶ, μὴ προέμενος δὲ τὸ χωρίον ὕποπτος γένωμαι τῷ πλήθει.
But though I showed such forethought for your city, and offered to give her the island, your orators would not allow you to accept it, but advised you to recover it, so that if I submitted to their demand, I might confess that I held another's property, but if I did not surrender the place, I might become suspected by the multitude.
γνοὺς ἐγὼ ταῦτα προὐκαλούμην κριθῆναι περὶ τούτων πρὸς ἡμᾶς, ἵνʼ ἐὰν μὲν ἐμὴ γνωσθῇ, παρʼ ἐμοῦ δοθῇ τὸ χωρίον ὑμῖν, ἐὰν δʼ ὑμετέρα κριθῇ, τότʼ ἀποδῶ τῷ δήμῳ.
Perceiving this, I challenged you to have the matter decided between us by arbitration, so that if it were adjudged mine, the place should be given to you by me, but if it were decided to be yours, I should then restore it to the people.
§15ταῦτα δʼ ἐμοῦ πολλάκις ἀξιοῦντος, ὑμεῖς μὲν οὐ προσείχετε, Πεπαρήθιοι δὲ τὴν νῆσον κατέλαβον.
Though I repeatedly made this demand, you paid no attention, and the Peparethians seized the island.
τί οὖν ἐχρῆν με ποιεῖν;
What then was I to do?
οὐ δίκην λαβεῖν παρὰ τῶν ὑπερβεβηκότων τοὺς ὅρκους;
Should I not take satisfaction from those who had transgressed their oaths?
οὐ τιμωρήσασθαι τοὺς οὕτως ὑπερηφάνως ἀσελγαίνοντας;
Should I not punish those who behaved so insolently and lawlessly?
καὶ γὰρ εἰ Πεπαρηθίων ἦν ἡ νῆσος, τί προσῆκεν ἀπαιτεῖν Ἀθηναίους;
For even if the island belonged to the Peparethians, what right had the Athenians to demand it?
εἰ δʼ ὑμετέρα, πῶς οὐκ ἐκείνοις ὀργίζεσθε καταλαβοῦσι τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν;
But if it was yours, why are you not angry with them for seizing another's property?
§16εἰς τοῦτο δὲ προβεβήκαμεν ἔχθρας ὥστε βουλόμενος ταῖς ναυσὶν εἰς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον παραβαλεῖν ἠναγκάσθην αὐτὰς παραπέμψαι διὰ Χερρονήσου τῇ στρατιᾷ, τῶν μὲν κληρούχων κατὰ τὸ Πολυκράτους δόγμα πολεμούντων ἡμῖν, ὑμῶν δὲ τοιαῦτα ψηφιζομένων, τοῦ δὲ στρατηγοῦ Βυζαντίους τε παρακαλοῦντος καὶ διαγγέλλοντος πρὸς ἅπαντας ὅτι πολεμεῖν αὐτῷ προστάττετε, ἂν καιρὸν λάβῃ.
And we have advanced to such a point of hostility that when I wished to sail with my ships to the Hellespont, I was forced to escort them through the Chersonese with my army, because your settlers were making war on us in accordance with the decree of Polycrates, and you were passing such decrees, and your general was calling upon the Byzantines and announcing to all that you ordered him to make war on me, if he found an opportunity.
τοιαῦτα δὲ πάσχων ὅμως τῆς πόλεως καὶ τῶν τριήρων καὶ τῆς χώρας ἀπεσχόμην, ἱκανὸς ὢν τὰ πλεῖστα λαβεῖν ἢ πάντα, καὶ διατετέλεκα προκαλούμενος ὑμᾶς εἰς κρίσιν ἐλθεῖν ὑπὲρ ὧν αἰτιώμεθʼ ἀλλήλους.
Despite suffering such treatment, I nevertheless abstained from your city, your triremes, and your territory, though I was able to capture most or all of them, and I have continued to challenge you to submit to arbitration concerning the charges we make against each other.

Notes

  1. 9εἰδότας — The accusative participle `εἰδότας` refers to the Athenians, the logical subject of the main clauses. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the unexpressed subject of the preceding infinitives `φάσκειν` and `ἀποδείκνυσθαι`.
  2. 13τὴν δὲ τιμωρίαν — After `τὴν δὲ τιμωρίαν` (the punishment), a verb such as `σκοπεῖτε` (you examine) or `αἰτιᾶσθε` (you blame) must be supplied in thought to contrast with `οὐδὲν ἐπεσκέψασθε` (you examined none of them) in the previous clause.
  3. 14ὅπως ὑπομείνας μὲν τὸ προσταττόμενον τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν ἔχειν ὁμολογῶ, μὴ προέμενος δὲ τὸ χωρίον ὕποπτος γένωμαι τῷ πλήθει — A purpose clause introduced by `ὅπως`, wherein `ὁμολογῶ` (present subjunctive or future indicative) and `γένωμαι` (aorist subjunctive) are coordinated. The participles `ὑπομείνας` and `μὴ προέμενος` carry a conditional force ("if I submit", "if I do not surrender").

Cite this passage

Demosthenes, Philip’s Letter §9-16. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0014.tlg012.humanitext-grc2:9-16

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