§45ταῦτʼ ἀπιστίαν, ταῦτʼ ὀργὴν ἔχει.
These things cause distrust, these things cause anger.
δεῖ γάρ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, δικαίως ἀλλήλοις τῆς πολιτείας κοινωνεῖν, τοὺς μὲν εὐπόρους εἰς μὲν τὸν βίον τὰ ἑαυτῶν ἀσφαλῶς ἔχειν νομίζοντας καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτων μὴ δεδοικότας, εἰς δὲ τοὺς κινδύνους κοινὰ ὑπὲρ τῆς σωτηρίας τὰ ὄντα τῇ πατρίδι παρέχοντας, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς τὰ μὲν κοινὰ κοινὰ νομίζοντας καὶ μετέχοντας τὸ μέρος, τὰ δʼ ἑκάστου ἴδια τοῦ κεκτημένου.
For indeed, men of Athens, you must share the citizenship with one another in a just manner—the wealthy on the one hand, considering that their property is secure for their livelihood and not fearing for it, while in times of danger, placing their possessions at the service of their fatherland for the common safety; the rest of the citizens on the other hand, considering public property to be common and sharing in their portion, while regarding the private property of each individual as belonging to its possessor.
οὕτω καὶ μικρὰ μεγάλη πόλις γίγνεται καὶ μεγάλη σῴζεται.
In this way, even a small city becomes great, and a great one is preserved.
ὡς μὲν οὖν εἴποι τις ἄν, ἃ παρʼ ἑκατέρων εἶναι δεῖ, ταῦτʼ ἴσως ἐστίν· ὡς δὲ καὶ γένοιτʼ ἄν, νόμῳ διορθώσασθαι δεῖ.
What one might say each party ought to perform is perhaps this; but how it may actually come about must be regulated by law.
§46τῶν δὲ παρόντων πραγμάτων καὶ τῆς ταραχῆς πολλὰ πόρρωθέν ἐστι τὰ αἴτια· ἃ εἰ βουλομένοις ὑμῖν ἀκούειν ἐστίν, ἐθέλω λέγειν.
Now the causes of our present affairs and of our confusion are many and of long standing; and if you are willing to hear them, I am ready to speak.
ἐξέστητʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τῆς ὑποθέσεως ἐφʼ ἧς ὑμᾶς οἱ πρόγονοι κατέλιπον, καὶ τὸ μὲν προΐστασθαι τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ δύναμιν συνεστηκυῖαν ἔχοντας πᾶσι τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις βοηθεῖν περίεργον ἐπείσθητʼ εἶναι καὶ μάταιον ἀνάλωμʼ ὑπὸ τῶν ταῦτα πολιτευομένων, τὸ δʼ ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ διάγειν καὶ μηδὲν τῶν δεόντων πράττειν, ἀλλὰ προϊεμένους καθʼ ἓν ἕκαστον πάνθʼ ἑτέρους ἐᾶσαι λαβεῖν, θαυμαστὴν εὐδαιμονίαν καὶ πολλὴν ἀσφάλειαν ἔχειν ᾤεσθε.
You have departed, men of Athens, from the position upon which your ancestors left you, and you have been persuaded by those who conduct this policy that to stand at the head of the Greeks and to maintain an organized force to help all who are wronged is a superfluous trouble and a useless expense, while you thought that to pass your time in quiet and perform none of your duties, but to abandon everything one by one and let others take them, possessed wonderful happiness and great security.
§47ἐκ δὲ τούτων παρελθὼν ἐπὶ τὴν τάξιν ἐφʼ ἧς ὑμῖν τετάχθαι προσῆκεν ἕτερος, οὗτος εὐδαίμων καὶ μέγας καὶ πολλῶν κύριος γέγονεν, εἰκότως·
Consequently, another has stepped forward into the rank where you ought to have been stationed, and he has become prosperous, great, and master of many things—and naturally so.
πρᾶγμα γὰρ ἔντιμον καὶ μέγα καὶ λαμπρόν, καὶ περὶ οὗ πάντα τὸν χρόνον αἱ μέγισται τῶν πόλεων πρὸς αὑτὰς διεφέροντο, Λακεδαιμονίων μὲν ἠτυχηκότων, Θηβαίων δʼ ἀσχόλων διὰ τὸν Φωκικὸν πόλεμον γενομένων, ἡμῶν δʼ ἀμελούντων, ἔρημον ἀνείλετο.
For a position that was honorable, great, and glorious, and about which the greatest of cities were continually disputing with one another all the time, he seized while it was abandoned, because the Lacedaemonians were unfortunate, the Thebans were busy with the Phocian war, and we were negligent.
§48τοιγάρτοι τὸ μὲν φοβεῖσθαι τοῖς ἄλλοις, τὸ δὲ συμμάχους πολλοὺς ἔχειν καὶ δύναμιν μεγάλην ἐκείνῳ περιγέγονε, καὶ τοσαῦτα πράγματα καὶ τοιαῦτʼ ἤδη περιέστηκε τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἅπαντας, ὥστε μηδʼ ὅ τι χρὴ συμβουλεύειν εὔπορον εἶναι.
Therefore, while for others there is fear, for him it has resulted in having many allies and a great power, and such great and serious difficulties have already surrounded all the Greeks that it is not even easy to advise what ought to be done.
§49ὄντων δʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, τῶν παρόντων πραγμάτων πᾶσιν, ὡς ἐγὼ κρίνω, φοβερῶν, οὐδένες ἐν μείζονι κινδύνῳ τῶν πάντων εἰσὶν ὑμῶν, οὐ μόνον τῷ μάλισθʼ ὑμῖν ἐπιβουλεύειν Φίλιππον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ πάντων ἀργότατʼ αὐτοὶ διακεῖσθαι.
But, men of Athens, although the present state of affairs is terrifying to everyone, as I judge, no one is in greater danger of all than you, not only because Philip is plotting against you most of all, but also because you yourselves are in the most inactive condition of all.
εἰ τοίνυν τὸ τῶν ὠνίων πλῆθος ὁρῶντες καὶ τὴν εὐετηρίαν τὴν κατὰ τὴν ἀγοράν, τούτοις κεκήλησθʼ ὡς ἐν οὐδενὶ δεινῷ τῆς πόλεως οὔσης, οὔτε προσηκόντως οὔτʼ ὀρθῶς τὸ πρᾶγμα κρίνετε·
If, then, looking at the abundance of commodities and the prosperity in the market, you are charmed by these things as though the city were in no danger, you judge the matter neither properly nor correctly.
§50ἀγορὰν μὲν γὰρ ἄν τις καὶ πανήγυριν ἐκ τούτων ἢ φαύλως ἢ καλῶς παρεσκευάσθαι κρίνοι· πόλιν δʼ ἣν ὑπείληφεν, ὃς ἂν τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἄρχειν ἀεὶ βούληται, μόνην ἂν ἐναντιωθῆναι καὶ τῆς πάντων ἐλευθερίας προστῆναι, οὐ μὰ Δίʼ ἐκ τῶν ὠνίων, εἰ καλῶς ἔχει, δοκιμάζειν δεῖ, ἀλλʼ εἰ συμμάχων εὐνοίᾳ πιστεύει, εἰ τοῖς ὅπλοις ἰσχύει, ταῦθʼ ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως δεῖ σκοπεῖν· ἃ σφαλερῶς ὑμῖν καὶ οὐδαμῶς ἅπαντʼ ἔχει.
For from these things one might judge a market or a festival to be poorly or beautifully provided; but a city, which anyone who ever wishes to rule the Greeks has assumed to be the only one capable of opposing him and standing at the head of the freedom of all, must not, by Zeus, be evaluated by its commodities to see if it is in a good state, but we must consider on behalf of the city whether it trusts in the goodwill of its allies, and whether it is strong in arms; all of which are unstable for you and in no way as they should be.
§51γνοίητε δʼ ἄν, εἰ σκέψαισθʼ ἐκείνως.
And you would understand this if you considered it in the following way.
πότε μάλιστʼ ἐν ταραχῇ τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων γέγονε πράγματα;
When have the affairs of the Greeks been in the greatest confusion?
οὐδένα γὰρ χρόνον ἄλλον ἢ τὸν νυνὶ παρόντʼ οὐδʼ ἂν εἷς εἴποι.
No one would name any other time than the present.
τὸν μὲν γὰρ ἄλλον ἅπαντʼ εἰς δύο ταῦτα διῄρητο τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων, Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ ἡμᾶς, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων οἱ μὲν ἡμῖν, οἱ δʼ ἐκείνοις ὑπήκουον.
For in all other times, the power of the Greeks was divided into these two, the Lacedaemonians and ourselves, and of the rest, some obeyed us, and others obeyed them.
βασιλεὺς δὲ καθʼ αὑτὸν μὲν ὁμοίως ἅπασιν ἄπιστος ἦν, τοὺς δὲ κρατουμένους τῷ πολέμῳ προσλαμβάνων, ἄχρι οὗ τοῖς ἑτέροις ἐξ ἴσου ποιήσαι, διεπιστεύετο, ἔπειτʼ οὐχ ἧττον αὐτὸν ἐμίσουν οὓς σώσειε τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ἐχθρῶν ἐξ ἀρχῆς.
The King, as far as he himself was concerned, was equally untrustworthy to all, but by taking the side of those who were being defeated in war, until he made them equal to the other side, he was trusted, and then those whom he had saved hated him no less than their original enemies.