§1πολλῶν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, λόγων γιγνομένων ὀλίγου δεῖν καθʼ ἑκάστην ἐκκλησίαν περὶ ὧν Φίλιππος, ἀφʼ οὗ τὴν εἰρήνην ἐποιήσατο, οὐ μόνον ὑμᾶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἀδικεῖ, καὶ πάντων οἶδʼ ὅτι φησάντων γʼ ἄν, εἰ καὶ μὴ ποιοῦσι τοῦτο, καὶ λέγειν δεῖν καὶ πράττειν ὅπως ἐκεῖνος παύσεται τῆς ὕβρεως καὶ δίκην δώσει, εἰς τοῦθʼ ὑπηγμένα πάντα τὰ πράγματα καὶ προειμένʼ ὁρῶ, ὥστε δέδοικα μὴ βλάσφημον μὲν εἰπεῖν, ἀληθὲς δʼ ᾖ· εἰ καὶ λέγειν ἅπαντες ἐβούλονθʼ οἱ παριόντες καὶ χειροτονεῖν ὑμεῖς ἐξ ὧν ὡς φαυλότατʼ ἔμελλε τὰ πράγμαθʼ ἕξειν, οὐκ ἂν ἡγοῦμαι δύνασθαι χεῖρον ἢ νῦν διατεθῆναι.
While many speeches, men of Athens, are made in almost every assembly about the wrongs Philip has been committing, not only against you but also against the others, since he made peace, and while I know that all would assert—even if they do not act on it—that we must both speak and act so that he may cease from his insolence and pay the penalty, yet I see all our affairs so neglected and abandoned that I fear, though it may be an ill-omened thing to say, it is nevertheless true: even if all who come forward wished to speak, and you to vote, for the very worst possible condition of our affairs, I do not believe they could have been brought to a worse state than they are now.\n Now, there are perhaps many causes for this, and our affairs have not reached this point from one or two causes alone; but above all, if you examine the matter rightly, you will find it is due to those who choose to curry favor rather than to say what is best.
§2πολλὰ μὲν οὖν ἴσως ἐστὶν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρʼ ἓν οὐδὲ δύʼ εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματʼ ἀφῖκται, μάλιστα δʼ, ἄνπερ ἐξετάζητʼ ὀρθῶς, εὑρήσετε διὰ τοὺς χαρίζεσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ βέλτιστα λέγειν προαιρουμένους, ὧν τινες μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἐν οἷς εὐδοκιμοῦσιν αὐτοὶ καὶ δύνανται, ταῦτα φυλάττοντες οὐδεμίαν περὶ τῶν μελλόντων πρόνοιαν ἔχουσιν, οὐκοῦν οὐδʼ ὑμᾶς οἴονται δεῖν ἔχειν, ἕτεροι δὲ τοὺς ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν ὄντας αἰτιώμενοι καὶ διαβάλλοντες οὐδὲν ἄλλο ποιοῦσιν ἢ ὅπως ἡ μὲν πόλις αὐτὴ παρʼ αὑτῆς δίκην λήψεται καὶ περὶ τοῦτʼ ἔσται, Φιλίππῳ δʼ ἐξέσται καὶ λέγειν καὶ πράττειν ὅ τι βούλεται. §3αἱ δὲ τοιαῦται πολιτεῖαι συνήθεις μέν εἰσιν ὑμῖν, αἴτιαι δὲ τῶν κακῶν.
Some of these men, men of Athens, safeguarding those positions in which they themselves enjoy a high reputation and power, have no foresight for the future, and consequently do not think you should have any either; while others, by accusing and slandering those who are in charge of affairs, do nothing else than ensure that the city itself will punish itself and be occupied with this, while Philip will be free to say and do whatever he pleases.\n Such political practices are familiar to you, but they are the cause of your troubles.
ἀξιῶ δʼ, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἄν τι τῶν ἀληθῶν μετὰ παρρησίας λέγω, μηδεμίαν μοι διὰ τοῦτο παρʼ ὑμῶν ὀργὴν γενέσθαι.
And I ask you, men of Athens, if I speak some truths with frankness, that no anger on your part should arise against me because of this.
σκοπεῖτε γὰρ ὡδί. ὑμεῖς τὴν παρρησίαν ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν ἄλλων οὕτω κοινὴν οἴεσθε δεῖν εἶναι πᾶσι τοῖς ἐν τῇ πόλει, ὥστε καὶ τοῖς ξένοις καὶ τοῖς δούλοις αὐτῆς μεταδεδώκατε, καὶ πολλοὺς ἄν τις οἰκέτας ἴδοι παρʼ ἡμῖν μετὰ πλείονος ἐξουσίας ὅ τι βούλονται λέγοντας ἢ πολίτας ἐν ἐνίαις τῶν ἄλλων πόλεων, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ συμβουλεύειν παντάπασιν ἐξεληλάκατε. §4εἶθʼ ὑμῖν συμβέβηκεν ἐκ τούτου ἐν μὲν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τρυφᾶν καὶ κολακεύεσθαι πάντα πρὸς ἡδονὴν ἀκούουσιν, ἐν δὲ τοῖς πράγμασι καὶ τοῖς γιγνομένοις περὶ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἤδη κινδυνεύειν.
For look at it this way: you believe that frankness of speech in other matters should be so common to all in the city that you have shared it even with foreigners and slaves, and one may see many domestic servants among us speaking what they wish with more freedom than citizens in some of other cities; yet you have entirely banished it from your deliberations.\n Consequently, it has happened to you from this that in the assemblies you are pampered and flattered, hearing only what is for your pleasure, but in actual affairs and events you are already in danger of the ultimate ruin.
εἰ μὲν οὖν καὶ νῦν οὕτω διάκεισθε, οὐκ ἔχω τί λέγω· εἰ δʼ ἃ συμφέρει χωρὶς κολακείας ἐθελήσετʼ ἀκούειν, ἕτοιμος λέγειν.
If, then, you are still so disposed even now, I have nothing to say; but if you are willing to hear what is advantageous without flattery, I am ready to speak.
καὶ γὰρ εἰ πάνυ φαύλως τὰ πράγματʼ ἔχει καὶ πολλὰ προεῖται, ὅμως ἔστιν, ἐὰν ὑμεῖς τὰ δέοντα ποιεῖν βούλησθε, ἔτι πάντα ταῦτʼ ἐπανορθώσασθαι. §5καὶ παράδοξον μὲν ἴσως ἐστὶν ὃ μέλλω λέγειν, ἀληθὲς δέ· τὸ χείριστον ἐν τοῖς παρεληλυθόσι, τοῦτο πρὸς τὰ μέλλοντα βέλτιστον ὑπάρχει.
For even if our affairs are in a very bad way and much has been surrendered, yet it is still possible, if you are willing to do what is necessary, to correct all these things.\n And what I am about to say is perhaps paradoxical, but true: the worst feature in the past is the best starting point for the future.
τί οὖν ἐστι τοῦτο;
What, then, is this?
ὅτι οὔτε μικρὸν οὔτε μέγʼ οὐδὲν τῶν δεόντων ποιούντων ὑμῶν κακῶς τὰ πράγματʼ ἔχει, ἐπεί τοι, εἰ πάνθʼ ἃ προσῆκε πραττόντων οὕτως διέκειτο, οὐδʼ ἂν ἐλπὶς ἦν αὐτὰ γενέσθαι βελτίω.
It is that our affairs are in a bad state because you are doing nothing, small or great, of what is necessary; for if they were in this condition while you were doing all that you ought, there would not even be any hope of their becoming better.
νῦν δὲ τῆς ῥᾳθυμίας τῆς ὑμετέρας καὶ τῆς ἀμελίας κεκράτηκε Φίλιππος, τῆς πόλεως δʼ οὐ κεκράτηκεν· οὐδʼ ἥττησθʼ ὑμεῖς, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ κεκίνησθε. §6εἰ μὲν οὖν ἅπαντες ὡμολογοῦμεν Φίλιππον τῇ πόλει πολεμεῖν καὶ τὴν εἰρήνην παραβαίνειν, οὐδὲν ἄλλʼ ἔδει τὸν παριόντα λέγειν καὶ συμβουλεύειν ἢ ὅπως ἀσφαλέστατα καὶ ῥᾷστʼ αὐτὸν ἀμυνούμεθα·
But as it is, Philip has overcome your indolence and negligence, but he has not overcome the city; nor have you been defeated, but you have not even stirred.\n If, therefore, we all agreed that Philip was at war with the city and was violating the peace, the speaker coming forward would have to say and advise nothing else than how we might defend ourselves against him most safely and easily.
ἐπειδὴ δʼ οὕτως ἀτόπως ἔνιοι διάκεινται, ὥστε πόλεις καταλαμβάνοντος ἐκείνου καὶ πολλὰ τῶν ὑμετέρων ἔχοντος καὶ πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἀδικοῦντος ἀνέχεσθαί τινων ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις λεγόντων πολλάκις ὡς ἡμῶν τινές εἰσιν οἱ ποιοῦντες τὸν πόλεμον, ἀνάγκη φυλάττεσθαι καὶ διορθοῦσθαι περὶ τούτου·
But since some are so strangely disposed that, while he is seizing cities, holding many of your possessions, and injuring all mankind, they tolerate certain speakers in the assemblies saying repeatedly that some of us are the ones who are making the war, it is necessary to be on guard and to set this matter right.