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Homeric Hymns · Homeric Hymn 5 to Aphrodite §78-148

Aphrodite Disguised as a Maiden Meets Anchises

Passage 2 of 4 · Greek

Summary

Aphrodite appears before Anchises disguised as a mortal maiden, captivating him. Although Anchises wonders if she is a goddess and promises to worship her, she falsely claims to be a Phrygian princess carried off by Hermes, persuading him to take her as his wife.

§78οἳ δʼ ἅμα βουσὶν ἕποντο νομοὺς κατὰ ποιήεντας §79πάντες· ὃ δὲ σταθμοῖσι λελειμμένος οἶος ἀπʼ ἄλλων §80πωλεῖτʼ ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα διαπρύσιον κιθαρίζων.
They all followed the cattle along the grassy pastures; but he, left alone in the steading away from the others, walked here and there, playing shrilly on his lyre.
§81στῆ δʼ αὐτοῦ προπάροιθε Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη §82παρθένῳ ἀδμήτῃ μέγεθος καὶ εἶδος ὁμοίη, §83μή μιν ταρβήσειεν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσι νοήσας.
And there stood before him Aphrodite, the daughter of Zeus, like in height and appearance to an unwedded virgin, lest he should fear when he perceived her with his eyes.
§84Ἀγχίσης δʼ ὁρόων ἐφράζετο θαύμαινέν τε §85εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε καὶ εἵματα σιγαλόεντα.
And Anchises, seeing her, observed and wondered at her appearance, height, and shining garments.
§86πέπλόν μὲν γὰρ ἕεστο φαεινότερον πυρὸς αὐγῆς, §89καλόν, χρύσειον, παμποίκιλον· ὡς δὲ σελήνη §90στήθεσιν ἀμφʼ ἁπαλοῖσιν ἐλάμπετο, θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι·
For she was clad in a robe brighter than the gleam of fire, beautiful, golden, wondrously patterned; and like the moon, it shone about her tender breasts, a wonder to behold.
§87εἶχε δʼ ἐπιγναμπτὰς ἕλικας κάλυκάς τε φαεινάς· §88ὅρμοι δʼ ἀμφʼ ἁπαλῇ δειρῇ περικαλλέες ἦσαν.
And she wore curved spiral earrings and shining flower-bud ornaments; and there were very beautiful necklaces about her tender neck.
§91Ἀγχίσην δʼ ἔρος εἷλεν, ἔπος δέ μιν ἀντίον ηὔδα· §92<milestone type="startquote"/> χαῖρε, ἄνασσʼ, ἥ τις μακάρων τάδε δώμαθʼ ἱκάνεις, §93Ἄρτεμις ἢ Λητὼ ἠὲ χρυσέη Ἀφροδίτη §94ἢ Θέμις ἠυγενὴς ἠὲ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη, §95ἤ πού τις Χαρίτων δεῦρʼ ἤλυθες, αἵτε θεοῖσι §96πᾶσιν ἑταιρίζουσι καὶ ἀθάνατοι καλέονται, §97ἤ τις Νυμφάων, αἵτʼ ἄλσεα καλὰ νέμονται §98ἢ Νυμφῶν, αἳ καλὸν ὄρος τόδε ναιετάουσι §99καὶ πηγὰς ποταμῶν, καὶ πίσεα ποιήεντα.
And love seized Anchises, and he spoke to her, addressing her: "Hail, queen, whoever of the blessed gods you are that come to this house, whether Artemis or Leto or golden Aphrodite, or well-born Themis or owl-eyed Athena; or perhaps you are one of the Graces who have come here, who associate with all the gods and are called immortal; or one of the Nymphs, who inhabit the beautiful groves, or of the Nymphs who dwell on this beautiful mountain and the sources of rivers and the grassy meadows.
§100σοὶ δʼ ἐγὼ ἐν σκοπιῇ, περιφαινομένῳ ἐνὶ χώρῳ, §101βωμὸν ποιήσω, ῥέξω δέ τοι ἱερὰ καλὰ §102ὥρῃσιν πάσῃσι.
And to you I, on a high place, in a conspicuous spot, will build an altar, and I will perform beautiful sacrifices for you at all seasons.
σὺ δʼ εὔφρονα θυμὸν ἔχουσα §103δός με μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ἀριπρεπέʼ ἔμμεναι ἄνδρα, §104ποίει δʼ ἐξοπίσω θαλερὸν γόνον, αὐτὰρ ἔμʼ αὐτὸν §105δηρὸν ἐὺ ζώειν καὶ ὁρᾶν φάος ἠελίοιο, §106ὄλβιον ἐν λαοῖς, καὶ γήραος οὐδὸν ἱκέσθαι. <milestone type="endquote"/> §107τὸν δʼ ἠμείβετʼ ἔπειτα Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη· §108<milestone type="startquote"/> Ἀγχίση, κύδιστε χαμαιγενέων ἀνθρώπων, §109οὔ τίς τοι θεός εἰμι· τί μʼ ἀθανάτῃσιν ἐίσκεις;
And do you, having a favorable mind, grant that I may be an outstanding man among the Trojans, and make my offspring flourish hereafter; and for myself, let me live well for a long time and see the light of the sun, prosperous among the people, and reach the threshold of old age." And then Aphrodite, the daughter of Zeus, answered him: "Anchises, most glorious of earth-born men, I am no goddess; why do you liken me to the immortals?
§110ἀλλὰ καταθνητή τε, γυνὴ δέ με γείνατο μήτηρ.
But I am mortal, and a woman was the mother who bore me.
§111Ὀτρεὺς δʼ ἐστὶ πατὴρ ὀνομακλυτός, εἴ που ἀκούεις, §112ὃς πάσης Φρυγίης εὐτειχήτοιο ἀνάσσει.
Otreus is my father, famous of name, if perhaps you have heard of him, who rules over all well-walled Phrygia.
§113γλῶσσαν δʼ ὑμετέρην τε καὶ ἡμετέρην σάφα οἶδα.
And I know well both your language and ours.
§114Τρῳὰς γὰρ μεγάρῳ με τροφὸς τρέφεν· ἣ δὲ διαπρὸ §115σμικρὴν παῖδʼ ἀτίταλλε, φίλης παρὰ μητρὸς ἑλοῦσα.
For a Trojan nurse reared me in our house; she nurtured me all along from when I was a little child, taking me from my dear mother.
§116ὣς δή τοι γλῶσσάν γε καὶ ὑμετέρην εὖ οἶδα.
So indeed I know well your language too.
§117νῦν δέ μʼ ἀνήρπαξε χρυσόρραπις Ἀργειφόντης §118ἐκ χοροῦ Ἀρτέμιδος χρυσηλακάτου, κελαδεινῆς.
But now the Argus-slayer with the golden wand snatched me away from the dance of Artemis of the golden shaft, who loves the clamor of the chase.
§119πολλαὶ δὲ νύμφαι καὶ παρθένοι ἀλφεσίβοιαι §120παίζομεν, ἀμφὶ δʼ ὅμιλος ἀπείριτος ἐστεφάνωτο.
Many nymphs and maidens who bring many oxen as dowry were playing, and a boundless crowd was encircled around us.
§121ἔνθεν μʼ ἥρπαξε χρυσόρραπις Ἀργειφόντης· §122πολλὰ δʼ ἔπʼ ἤγαγεν ἔργα καταθνητῶν ἀνθρώπων, §123πολλὴν δʼ ἄκληρόν τε καὶ ἄκτιτον, ἣν διὰ θῆρες §124ὠμοφάγοι φοιτῶσι κατὰ σκιόεντας ἐναύλους· §125οὐδὲ ποσὶ ψαύσειν ἐδόκουν φυσιζόου αἴης·
From there the Argus-slayer with the golden wand snatched me away; and he led me over many fields of mortal men, and over much land, unallotted and unbuilt, through which wild beasts that eat raw flesh roam in the shadowy glens; and I thought I would not even touch the life-giving earth with my feet.
§126Ἀγχίσεω δέ με φάσκε παραὶ λέχεσιν καλέεσθαι §127κουριδίην ἄλοχον, σοὶ δʼ ἀγλαὰ τέκνα τεκεῖσθαι.
And he said that I should be called the wedded wife in the bed of Anchises, and bear glorious children to you.
§128αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ δεῖξε καὶ ἔφρασεν, ἦ τοι ὅ γʼ αὖτις §129ἀθανάτων μετὰ φῦλʼ ἀπέβη κρατὺς Ἀργειφόντης·
But when he had shown and spoken, indeed he went back again, the strong Argus-slayer, to the tribes of the immortals.
§130αὐτὰρ ἐγώ σʼ ἱκόμην, κρατερὴ δέ μοι ἔπλετʼ ἀνάγκη.
And so I came to you, and strong necessity was upon me.
§131ἀλλά σε πρὸς Ζηνὸς γουνάζομαι ἠδὲ τοκήων §132ἐσθλῶν· οὐ μὲν γάρ κε κακοὶ τοιόνδε τέκοιεν· §133ἀδμήτην μʼ ἀγαγὼν καὶ ἀπειρήτην φιλότητος §134πατρί τε σῷ δεῖξον καὶ μητέρι κέδνʼ εἰδυίῃ §135σοῖς τε κασιγνήτοις, οἵ τοι ὁμόθεν γεγάασιν.
But I entreat you by Zeus and by your noble parents—for indeed base parents could not beget such a son as you— take me as an unwedded maid, untried in love, and show me to your father and to your mother who knows prudent things, and to your brothers, who are born of the same stock as you.
§136οὔ σφιν ἀεικελίη νυὸς ἔσσομαι, ἀλλʼ εἰκυῖα.
I shall not be an unseemly daughter-in-law to them, but a fitting one.
§137πέμψαι δʼ ἄγγελον ὦκα μετὰ Φρύγας αἰολοπώλους §138εἰπεῖν πατρί τʼ ἐμῷ καὶ μητέρι κηδομένῃ περ· §139οἳ δέ κε τοι χρυσόν τε ἅλις ἐσθῆτά θʼ ὑφαντὴν §140πέμψουσιν· σὺ δὲ πολλὰ καὶ ἀγλαὰ δέχθαι ἄποινα.
And send a messenger quickly to the Phrygians of the swift horses, to speak to my father and to my anxious mother; and they will send you gold in abundance and woven clothing; and do you accept many and glorious gifts of dowry.
§141ταῦτα δὲ ποιήσας δαίνυ γάμον ἱμερόεντα, §142τίμιον ἀνθρώποισι καὶ ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσιν. <milestone type="endquote"/> §143ὣς εἰποῦσα θεὰ γλυκὺν ἵμερον ἔμβαλε θυμῷ.
And having done these things, celebrate the desirable marriage, held in honor by men and by the immortal gods." Thus speaking, the goddess put sweet desire into his soul.
§144Ἀγχίσην δʼ ἔρος εἷλεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν· §145<milestone type="startquote"/> εἰ μὲν θνητή τʼ ἐσσι, γυνὴ δέ σε γείνατο μήτηρ, §146Ὀτρεὺς δʼ ἐστὶ πατὴρ ὀνομακλυτός, ὡς ἀγορεύεις, §147ἀθανάτου δὲ ἕκητι διακτόρου ἐνθάδʼ ἱκάνεις §148Ἑρμέω, ἐμὴ δʼ ἄλοχος κεκλήσεαι ἤματα πάντα·
And love seized Anchises, and he spoke, addressing her: "If indeed you are mortal, and a woman was the mother who bore you, and Otreus is your father, famous of name, as you say, and you have come here by the will of the immortal messenger Hermes, and you shall be called my wife for all days;

Notes

  1. §82παρθένῳ ἀδμήτῃ μέγεθος καὶ εἶδος ὁμοίη — The phrase `παρθένῳ ἀδμήτῃ` (an unwedded virgin) is qualified by the accusatives of respect `μέγεθος καὶ εἶδος` (in stature and appearance) which modify the adjective `ὁμοίη` (like). This indicates Aphrodite's transformation into a mortal maiden to conceal her divine nature.
  2. §83μή μιν ταρβήσειεν — The aorist subjunctive `ταρβήσειεν` (Homeric form of the subjunctive) introduced by `μή` expresses negative purpose ("lest he should fear") following the past-tense main verb `στῆ`. The use of the subjunctive rather than the optative after a historical main verb in purpose clauses is a Homeric feature emphasizing vividness and direct intent.
  3. §90θαῦμα ἰδέσθαι — The infinitive `ἰδέσθαι` (to see/behold) is an infinitive of respect or specification modifying the noun `θαῦμα` (a wonder), forming the formulaic expression "a wonder to behold".
  4. §125οὐδὲ ποσὶ ψαύσειν ἐδόκουν — The personal verb `ἐδόκουν` (I seemed / I thought) takes the future infinitive `ψαύσειν` (to be about to touch), where the subject of the infinitive is identical to that of the main verb ("I seemed to myself not even to be about to touch..."). This can be interpreted either as feeling suspended in the air during the supernatural transport by Hermes, or as despairing of ever touching the homeland's soil again. In context, it primarily describes the supernatural swiftness of the journey.
  5. §131πρὸς Ζηνὸς γουνάζομαι — The preposition `πρός` with the genitive (`Ζηνὸς ἠδὲ τοκήων`) is used in formulaic expressions of supplication or oath, meaning "I entreat you by/in the name of Zeus and your parents".

Cite this passage

Homeric Hymns, Homeric Hymn 5 to Aphrodite §78-148. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg005.humanitext-grc2:78-148

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