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Homer · Odyssey §16.412-16.481

Penelope's Rebuke of the Suitors and Eumaeus' Return

Passage 117 of 173 · Greek

Summary

Penelope, informed of the assassination plot by Medon, fiercely rebukes Antinous in the hall, but Eurymachus pacifies her with deceitful words. In the evening, Eumaeus returns to Odysseus, who has been restored to his old appearance, and Telemachus subtly gathers information about the ambush ship from him.

§16.412κῆρυξ γὰρ οἱ ἔειπε Μέδων, ὃς ἐπεύθετο βουλάς.
For the herald Medon told her, who had heard of their counsels.
§16.413βῆ δʼ ἰέναι μέγαρόνδε σὺν ἀμφιπόλοισι γυναιξίν.
And she went to go to the hall with her serving-women.
§16.414ἀλλʼ ὅτε δὴ μνηστῆρας ἀφίκετο δῖα γυναικῶν, §16.415στῆ ῥα παρὰ σταθμὸν τέγεος πύκα ποιητοῖο, §16.416ἄντα παρειάων σχομένη λιπαρὰ κρήδεμνα, §16.417Ἀντίνοον δʼ ἐνένιπεν ἔπος τʼ ἔφατʼ ἔκ τʼ ὀνόμαζεν·
But when the noble lady reached the suitors, she stood by the doorpost of the well-built hall, holding her bright veil before her cheeks, and she rebuked Antinous, and spoke, and addressed him by name: "Antinous, full of insolence, deviser of evil!
§16.418Ἀντίνοʼ, ὕβριν ἔχων, κακομήχανε, καὶ δέ σέ φασιν §16.419ἐν δήμῳ Ἰθάκης μεθʼ ὁμήλικας ἔμμεν ἄριστον §16.420βουλῇ καὶ μύθοισι· σὺ δʼ οὐκ ἄρα τοῖος ἔησθα.
Yet they say that you In the land of Ithaca among those of your own age are the best In counsel and in speech; but you were not such a man.
§16.421μάργε, τίη δὲ σὺ Τηλεμάχῳ θάνατόν τε μόρον τε §16.422ῥάπτεις, οὐδʼ ἱκέτας ἐμπάζεαι, οἷσιν ἄρα Ζεὺς §16.423μάρτυρος;
Madman, why do you plot death and doom for Telemachus, and do not care for suppliants, for whom Zeus is witness?
οὐδʼ ὁσίη κακὰ ῥάπτειν ἀλλήλοισιν.
It is not right to plot evil against one another.
§16.424ἦ οὐκ οἶσθʼ ὅτε δεῦρο πατὴρ τεὸς ἵκετο φεύγων, §16.425δῆμον ὑποδείσας;
Do you not know when your father came here as a fugitive, fearing the people?
δὴ γὰρ κεχολώατο λίην, §16.426οὕνεκα ληϊστῆρσιν ἐπισπόμενος Ταφίοισιν §16.427ἤκαχε Θεσπρωτούς· οἱ δʼ ἡμῖν ἄρθμιοι ἦσαν· §16.428τόν ῥʼ ἔθελον φθῖσαι καὶ ἀπορραῖσαι φίλον ἦτορ §16.429ἠδὲ κατὰ ζωὴν φαγέειν μενοεικέα πολλήν· §16.430ἀλλʼ Ὀδυσεὺς κατέρυκε καὶ ἔσχεθεν ἱεμένους περ.
For they were very angry with him, because he had followed the Taphian pirates and harassed the Thesprotians, who were in alliance with us; him they wished to destroy, and to tear out his dear life, and to consume his rich and abundant livelihood; but Odysseus held them back and stayed them, though they were eager.
§16.431τοῦ νῦν οἶκον ἄτιμον ἔδεις, μνάᾳ δὲ γυναῖκα §16.432παῖδά τʼ ἀποκτείνεις, ἐμὲ δὲ μεγάλως ἀκαχίζεις·
His house you now consume without honor, and you woo his wife, and seek to slay his son, and grieve me greatly.
§16.433ἀλλά σε παύσασθαι κέλομαι καὶ ἀνωγέμεν ἄλλους. §16.434τὴν δʼ αὖτʼ Εὐρύμαχος, Πολύβου πάϊς, ἀντίον ηὔδα· §16.435κούρη Ἰκαρίοιο, περίφρον Πηνελόπεια, §16.436θάρσει· μή τοι ταῦτα μετὰ φρεσὶ σῇσι μελόντων.
But I bid you cease, and command the others to do so." Then Eurymachus, son of Polybus, answered her and said: "Daughter of Icarius, wise Penelope, be of good courage; let not these things trouble your heart.
§16.437οὐκ ἔσθʼ οὗτος ἀνὴρ οὐδʼ ἔσσεται οὐδὲ γένηται, §16.438ὅς κεν Τηλεμάχῳ σῷ υἱέϊ χεῖρας ἐποίσει §16.439ζώοντός γʼ ἐμέθεν καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο.
There is no such man, nor will there be, nor can there ever be, who shall lay hands upon your son Telemachus, while I live and behold the light upon the earth.
§16.440ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, καὶ μὴν τετελεσμένον ἔσται· §16.441αἶψά οἱ αἷμα κελαινὸν ἐρωήσει περὶ δουρὶ §16.442ἡμετέρῳ, ἐπεὶ ἦ καὶ ἐμὲ πτολίπορθος Ὀδυσσεὺς §16.443πολλάκι γούνασιν οἷσιν ἐφεσσάμενος κρέας ὀπτὸν §16.444ἐν χείρεσσιν ἔθηκεν, ἐπέσχε τε οἶνον ἐρυθρόν.
For thus I declare, and surely it shall be accomplished: quickly his dark blood shall gush forth about our spear when I hold it, since indeed even me did Odysseus, sacker of cities, often set upon his knees, and put roasted meat into my hands, and held the red wine to my lips.
§16.445τῷ μοι Τηλέμαχος πάντων πολὺ φίλτατός ἐστιν §16.446ἀνδρῶν, οὐδέ τί μιν θάνατον τρομέεσθαι ἄνωγα §16.447ἔκ γε μνηστήρων· θεόθεν δʼ οὐκ ἔστʼ ἀλέασθαι. §16.448ὣς φάτο θαρσύνων, τῷ δʼ ἤρτυεν αὐτὸς ὄλεθρον.
Therefore Telemachus is by far the dearest of all men to me, and I bid him have no fear of death from the suitors; but from the gods there is no escaping." So he spoke, encouraging her, but he himself was plotting his destruction.
§16.449ἡ μὲν ἄρʼ εἰσαναβᾶσʼ ὑπερώϊα σιγαλόεντα §16.450κλαῖεν ἔπειτʼ Ὀδυσῆα, φίλον πόσιν, ὄφρα οἱ ὕπνον §16.451ἡδὺν ἐπὶ βλεφάροισι βάλε γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη.
Then she went up to her bright upper chamber, and wept for Odysseus, her dear husband, until grey-eyed Athena cast sweet sleep upon her eyelids.
§16.452ἑσπέριος δʼ Ὀδυσῆϊ καὶ υἱέϊ δῖος ὑφορβὸς §16.453ἤλυθεν· οἱ δʼ ἄρα δόρπον ἐπισταδὸν ὡπλίζοντο, §16.454σῦν ἱερεύσαντες ἐνιαύσιον.
In the evening the noble swineherd came to Odysseus and his son; and they were standing by and preparing their supper, having sacrificed a yearling pig.
αὐτὰρ Ἀθήνη, §16.455ἄγχι παρισταμένη, Λαερτιάδην Ὀδυσῆα §16.456ῥάβδῳ πεπληγυῖα πάλιν ποίησε γέροντα, §16.457λυγρὰ δὲ εἵματα ἕσσε περὶ χροΐ, μή ἑ συβώτης §16.458γνοίη ἐσάντα ἰδὼν καὶ ἐχέφρονι Πηνελοπείῃ §16.459ἔλθοι ἀπαγγέλλων μηδὲ φρεσὶν εἰρύσσαιτο.
But Athena, standing near, struck Odysseus, son of Laertes, with her wand, and made him an old man again, and clothed him in miserable garments, lest the swineherd should know him looking face to face, and go to announce it to wise Penelope, and might not keep it in his heart.
§16.460τὸν καὶ Τηλέμαχος πρότερος πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν· §16.461ἦλθες, δῖʼ Εὔμαιε.
And Telemachus first spoke to him, saying: "You have come, noble Eumaeus.
τί δὴ κλέος ἔστʼ ἀνὰ ἄστυ;
What news is there in the city?
§16.462ἦ ῥʼ ἤδη μνηστῆρες ἀγήνορες ἔνδον ἔασιν §16.463ἐκ λόχου, ἦ ἔτι μʼ αὖτʼ εἰρύαται οἴκαδʼ ἰόντα; §16.464τὸν δʼ ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφης, Εὔμαιε συβῶτα· §16.465οὐκ ἔμελέν μοι ταῦτα μεταλλῆσαι καὶ ἐρέσθαι §16.466ἄστυ καταβλώσκοντα· τάχιστά με θυμὸς ἀνώγει §16.467ἀγγελίην εἰπόντα πάλιν δεῦρʼ ἀπονέεσθαι.
Are the proud suitors already within from their ambush, or are they still watching for me as I come home?" To him you answered, swineherd Eumaeus, saying: "It was not my care to search and ask of these things as I went down the city; my heart urged me quickly to return back here after telling my message.
§16.468ὡμήρησε δέ μοι παρʼ ἑταίρων ἄγγελος ὠκύς, §16.469κῆρυξ, ὃς δὴ πρῶτος ἔπος σῇ μητρὶ ἔειπεν.
And there met me a swift messenger from your companions, a herald, who was indeed the first to speak to your mother.
§16.470ἄλλο δέ τοι τό γε οἶδα· τὸ γὰρ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖσιν.
But another thing I know, for I saw it with my eyes.
§16.471ἤδη ὑπὲρ πόλιος, ὅθι θʼ Ἕρμαιος λόφος ἐστίν, §16.472ἦα κιών, ὅτε νῆα θοὴν ἰδόμην κατιοῦσαν §16.473ἐς λιμένʼ ἡμέτερον· πολλοὶ δʼ ἔσαν ἄνδρες ἐν αὐτῇ, §16.474βεβρίθει δὲ σάκεσσι καὶ ἔγχεσιν ἀμφιγύοισι· §16.475καὶ σφέας ὠΐσθην τοὺς ἔμμεναι, οὐδέ τι οἶδα. §16.476ὣς φάτο, μείδησεν δʼ ἱερὴ ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο §16.477ἐς πατέρʼ ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἰδών, ἀλέεινε δʼ ὑφορβόν.
Already above the city, where the hill of Hermes is, I was going, when I saw a swift ship coming down into our harbor; and there were many men in her, and she was heavy with shields and two-edged spears; and I thought they were those men, but I do not know for certain." So he spoke, and the sacred strength of Telemachus smiled, looking with his eyes at his father, but he avoided the swineherd's eyes.
§16.478οἱ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν παύσαντο πόνου τετύκοντό τε δαῖτα, §16.479δαίνυντʼ, οὐδέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐΐσης.
And when they had ceased from their labor and prepared the feast, they feasted, nor did their heart lack anything of the equal feast.
§16.480αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο, §16.481κοίτου τε μνήσαντο καὶ ὕπνου δῶρον ἕλοντο.
But when they had put away desire for drink and food, they thought of rest, and took the gift of sleep.

Notes

  1. §16.412ὃς ἐπεύθετο βουλάς — The relative pronoun ὃς refers back to Medon. The clause explains that his hearing of the suitors' plots (βουλάς) was the reason he was able to inform Penelope.
  2. §16.422οἷσιν ἄρα Ζεὺς μάρτυρος — The relative pronoun οἷσιν has ἱκέτας (suppliants) as its antecedent, indicating that Zeus acts as a witness (and thus protector) over the sacred act of supplication.
  3. §16.437οὐδʼ ἔσσεται οὐδὲ γένηται — The future indicative ἔσσεται is paired with the aorist subjunctive γένηται after the negative οὐδέ. This is a Homeric construction expressing strong negative assertion about the future.
  4. §16.459μηδὲ φρεσὶν εἰρύσσαιτο — The optative in a clause of purpose or fear (continuing from μή ἕ... γνοίη in the previous verse). Here εἰρύσσαιτο means 'to keep or guard in one's heart', expressing the apprehension that the swineherd might not be able to keep the secret.

Cite this passage

Homer, Odyssey §16.412-16.481. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.humanitext-grc2:16.412-16.481

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