Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §3.331-3.397

Duel of Paris and Menelaus and the Rescue by Aphrodite

Passage 27 of 226 · Greek

Summary

The duel between Paris and Menelaus begins; Menelaus completely overwhelms Paris, but Aphrodite rescues Paris, places him in his bedchamber, and goes to summon Helen.

§3.331καλάς, ἀργυρέοισιν ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας· §3.332δεύτερον αὖ θώρηκα περὶ στήθεσσιν ἔδυνεν §3.333οἷο κασιγνήτοιο Λυκάονος· ἥρμοσε δʼ αὐτῷ. §3.334ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον §3.335χάλκεον, αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε· §3.336κρατὶ δʼ ἐπʼ ἰφθίμῳ κυνέην εὔτυκτον ἔθηκεν §3.337ἵππουριν· δεινὸν δὲ λόφος καθύπερθεν ἔνευεν· §3.338εἵλετο δʼ ἄλκιμον ἔγχος, ὅ οἱ παλάμηφιν ἀρήρει. §3.339ὣς δʼ αὔτως Μενέλαος ἀρήϊος ἔντεʼ ἔδυνεν. §3.340οἳ δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἑκάτερθεν ὁμίλου θωρήχθησαν, §3.341ἐς μέσσον Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ἐστιχόωντο §3.342δεινὸν δερκόμενοι· θάμβος δʼ ἔχεν εἰσορόωντας §3.343Τρῶάς θʼ ἱπποδάμους καὶ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς. §3.344καί ῥʼ ἐγγὺς στήτην διαμετρητῷ ἐνὶ χώρῳ §3.345σείοντʼ ἐγχείας ἀλλήλοισιν κοτέοντε. §3.346πρόσθε δʼ Ἀλέξανδρος προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος, §3.347καὶ βάλεν Ἀτρεΐδαο κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσε ἴσην, §3.348οὐδʼ ἔρρηξεν χαλκός, ἀνεγνάμφθη δέ οἱ αἰχμὴ
beautiful ones, fitted with silver ankle-clasps;\n secondly in turn he put the breastplate around his chest,\n which was of his brother Lycaon; and it fitted him.\n And around his shoulders he slung his silver-studded sword,\n made of bronze, and then his shield, both great and sturdy;\n And upon his mighty head he placed a well-made helmet,\n with horsehair crest; and terribly the plume nodded from above;\n And he took a strong spear, which fitted his hands.\n And in the very same way warlike Menelaus put on his armor.\n And when indeed they had armed themselves on either side of the throng,\n they walked into the midst of the Trojans and Achaeans,\n glaring terribly; and wonder held those who looked on,\n both horse-taming Trojans and well-greaved Achaeans.\n And indeed they stood near in the measured space,\n shaking their spears, raging against one another.\n And first Alexander cast his long-shadowed spear,\n and struck upon the shield of the son of Atreus, equal on all sides;\n nor did the bronze break through, but his spear-point was bent\n in the strong shield.
§3.349ἀσπίδʼ ἐνὶ κρατερῇ· ὃ δὲ δεύτερον ὄρνυτο χαλκῷ §3.350Ἀτρεΐδης Μενέλαος ἐπευξάμενος Διὶ πατρί· §3.351Ζεῦ ἄνα δὸς τίσασθαι ὅ με πρότερος κάκʼ ἔοργε §3.352δῖον Ἀλέξανδρον, καὶ ἐμῇς ὑπὸ χερσὶ δάμασσον, §3.353ὄφρα τις ἐρρίγῃσι καὶ ὀψιγόνων ἀνθρώπων §3.354ξεινοδόκον κακὰ ῥέξαι, ὅ κεν φιλότητα παράσχῃ. §3.355ἦ ῥα καὶ ἀμπεπαλὼν προΐει δολιχόσκιον ἔγχος, §3.356καὶ βάλε Πριαμίδαο κατʼ ἀσπίδα πάντοσε ἴσην· §3.357διὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε φαεινῆς ὄβριμον ἔγχος, §3.358καὶ διὰ θώρηκος πολυδαιδάλου ἠρήρειστο· §3.359ἀντικρὺ δὲ παραὶ λαπάρην διάμησε χιτῶνα §3.360ἔγχος· ὃ δʼ ἐκλίνθη καὶ ἀλεύατο κῆρα μέλαιναν. §3.361Ἀτρεΐδης δὲ ἐρυσσάμενος ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον §3.362πλῆξεν ἀνασχόμενος κόρυθος φάλον· ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ αὐτῷ §3.363τριχθά τε καὶ τετραχθὰ διατρυφὲν ἔκπεσε χειρός. §3.364Ἀτρεΐδης δʼ ᾤμωξεν ἰδὼν εἰς οὐρανὸν εὐρύν· §3.365Ζεῦ πάτερ οὔ τις σεῖο θεῶν ὀλοώτερος ἄλλος· §3.366ἦ τʼ ἐφάμην τίσασθαι Ἀλέξανδρον κακότητος· §3.367νῦν δέ μοι ἐν χείρεσσιν ἄγη ξίφος, ἐκ δέ μοι ἔγχος §3.368ἠΐχθη παλάμηφιν ἐτώσιον, οὐδʼ ἔβαλόν μιν. §3.369ἦ καὶ ἐπαΐξας κόρυθος λάβεν ἱπποδασείης, §3.370ἕλκε δʼ ἐπιστρέψας μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιούς· §3.371ἄγχε δέ μιν πολύκεστος ἱμὰς ἁπαλὴν ὑπὸ δειρήν, §3.372ὅς οἱ ὑπʼ ἀνθερεῶνος ὀχεὺς τέτατο τρυφαλείης. §3.373καί νύ κεν εἴρυσσέν τε καὶ ἄσπετον ἤρατο κῦδος, §3.374εἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἀφροδίτη, §3.375ἥ οἱ ῥῆξεν ἱμάντα βοὸς ἶφι κταμένοιο· §3.376κεινὴ δὲ τρυφάλεια ἅμʼ ἕσπετο χειρὶ παχείῃ. §3.377τὴν μὲν ἔπειθʼ ἥρως μετʼ ἐϋκνήμιδας Ἀχαιοὺς §3.378ῥῖψʼ ἐπιδινήσας, κόμισαν δʼ ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι· §3.379αὐτὰρ ὃ ἂψ ἐπόρουσε κατακτάμεναι μενεαίνων §3.380ἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ· τὸν δʼ ἐξήρπαξʼ Ἀφροδίτη §3.381ῥεῖα μάλʼ ὥς τε θεός, ἐκάλυψε δʼ ἄρʼ ἠέρι πολλῇ, §3.382κὰδ δʼ εἷσʼ ἐν θαλάμῳ εὐώδεϊ κηώεντι. §3.383αὐτὴ δʼ αὖ Ἑλένην καλέουσʼ ἴε· τὴν δὲ κίχανε §3.384πύργῳ ἐφʼ ὑψηλῷ, περὶ δὲ Τρῳαὶ ἅλις ἦσαν· §3.385χειρὶ δὲ νεκταρέου ἑανοῦ ἐτίναξε λαβοῦσα, §3.386γρηῒ δέ μιν ἐϊκυῖα παλαιγενέϊ προσέειπεν §3.387εἰροκόμῳ, ἥ οἱ Λακεδαίμονι ναιετοώσῃ §3.388ἤσκειν εἴρια καλά, μάλιστα δέ μιν φιλέεσκε· §3.389τῇ μιν ἐεισαμένη προσεφώνεε δῖʼ Ἀφροδίτη· §3.390δεῦρʼ ἴθʼ· Ἀλέξανδρός σε καλεῖ οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι. §3.391κεῖνος ὅ γʼ ἐν θαλάμῳ καὶ δινωτοῖσι λέχεσσι §3.392κάλλεΐ τε στίλβων καὶ εἵμασιν· οὐδέ κε φαίης §3.393ἀνδρὶ μαχεσσάμενον τόν γʼ ἐλθεῖν, ἀλλὰ χορὸν δὲ §3.394ἔρχεσθʼ, ἠὲ χοροῖο νέον λήγοντα καθίζειν. §3.395ὣς φάτο, τῇ δʼ ἄρα θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ὄρινε· §3.396καί ῥʼ ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε θεᾶς περικαλλέα δειρὴν §3.397στήθεά θʼ ἱμερόεντα καὶ ὄμματα μαρμαίροντα,
Then secondly rose up with his bronze\n the son of Atreus, Menelaus, praying to father Zeus:\n “King Zeus, grant that I may take vengeance on him who first did me wrong,\n noble Alexander, and subdue him under my hands,\n so that any one even of late-born men may shudder\n to do evil to a host who has shown them friendship.”\n He spoke, and poising his long-shadowed spear, he let it fly,\n and struck upon the shield of Priam's son, equal on all sides.\n Through the shining shield went the mighty spear,\n and pressed on through the richly-wrought breastplate;\n and straight on beside the flank the spear cut through his tunic;\n but he bent aside and escaped black death.\n Then the son of Atreus, drawing his silver-studded sword,\n struck, raising his arm, the horn of the helmet; but around it\n broken into three or four pieces, it fell from his hand.\n And the son of Atreus groaned, looking up into the wide heaven:\n “Father Zeus, no other of the gods is more baneful than you!\n Verily I thought to punish Alexander for his wickedness;\n but now my sword is broken in my hands, and from my hand my spear\n has flown in vain, and I did not strike him.”\n He spoke, and rushing upon him, seized him by the horsehair helmet,\n and dragging him, turned back toward the well-greaved Achaeans;\n and the richly embroidered strap choked him under his tender neck,\n which was drawn under his chin as the fastening of his helmet.\n And now he would have dragged him off and won unspeakable glory,\n if Zeus’ daughter Aphrodite had not quickly noticed,\n who broke for him the strap of ox-hide from a slaughtered ox;\n and the empty helmet came away in his strong hand.\n This then the hero toward the well-greaved Achaeans\n hurled, spinning it, and his trusty companions gathered it up;\n but he rushed back again, eager to slay him\n with his bronze spear; but him Aphrodite snatched away\n very easily, as a god, and shrouded him in a thick mist,\n and set him down in his fragrant, incense-scented chamber.\n And she herself went in turn to call Helen; and she found her\n upon the high tower, and around her Trojan women were gathered in numbers;\n and taking hold of her nectar-sweet robe with her hand, she shook it,\n and resembling an aged, old-born woman, she spoke to her,\n a wool-carder, who when she used to dwell in Lacedaemon\n used to work beautiful wool for her, and whom she loved most of all;\n likening herself to her, noble Aphrodite spoke to her:\n “Come hither; Alexander calls you to return home.\n He is there in his chamber and on his turned bed,\n shining with beauty and garments; nor would you say\n that he has come from having fought with a man, but rather\n that he is going to the dance, or is sitting down, having newly ceased from the dance.”\n So she spoke, and stirred the heart in her breast;\n and when indeed she noticed the goddess’s very beautiful neck,\n and her lovely breast and flashing eyes,

Notes

  1. 3.333οἷο — The genitive singular of the third-person possessive adjective ὅς (his). It is homonymous with the genitive of the relative pronoun ὅς, but here it modifies the adjacent noun κασιγνήτοιο (brother).
  2. 3.353ἐρρίγῃσι — A subjunctive led by the purpose conjunction ὄφρα (so that). It is the perfect subjunctive third-person singular of the verb ῥιγέω (shudder, dread) with the epic suffix -σι.
  3. 3.373καί νύ κεν εἴρυσσέν τε ... εἰ μὴ ἄρʼ ὀξὺ νόησε — A conditional sentence expressing a past contrary-to-fact situation. The apodosis consists of the particle κεν (equivalent to ἄν) with the imperfect indicative (εἴρυσσεν), while the protasis is introduced by εἰ μή with the aorist indicative (νόησε), indicating what would have happened if a divine intervention had not occurred.
  4. 3.388ἤσκειν — The third-person singular imperfect of the verb ἀσκέω (to work, prepare). It shows the epic/Ionic uncontracted form with a movable ν.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §3.331-3.397. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.331-3.397

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.