Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §23.279-23.346

Chariot Racers and Nestor's Advice to Antilochus

Passage 206 of 226 · Greek

Summary

Achilles declares he will not compete due to the grief of his horses over Patroclus, and invites the other Achaeans to race. Nestor advises his son Antilochus, imparting detailed tactical wisdom and maneuvers at the turning-post to overcome the slowness of his horses.

§23.279ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ μενέω καὶ μώνυχες ἵπποι· §23.280τοίου γὰρ κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσαν ἡνιόχοιο §23.281ἠπίου, ὅς σφωϊν μάλα πολλάκις ὑγρὸν ἔλαιον §23.282χαιτάων κατέχευε λοέσσας ὕδατι λευκῷ.
But indeed I shall remain, and my single-hoofed horses; for they have lost the noble glory of such a charioteer, gentle, who very often upon their manes wet olive oil poured, after washing them with clear water.
§23.283τὸν τώ γʼ ἑσταότες πενθείετον, οὔδεϊ δέ σφι §23.284χαῖται ἐρηρέδαται, τὼ δʼ ἕστατον ἀχνυμένω κῆρ.
Him those two stand and mourn, and on the ground for them their manes are trailed, and they stand grieving in their heart.
§23.285ἄλλοι δὲ στέλλεσθε κατὰ στρατόν, ὅς τις Ἀχαιῶν §23.286ἵπποισίν τε πέποιθε καὶ ἅρμασι κολλητοῖσιν.
But do you others prepare throughout the army, whoever of the Achaeans trusts in his horses and well-jointed chariots.
§23.287ὣς φάτο Πηλεΐδης, ταχέες δʼ ἱππῆες ἄγερθεν.
So spoke the son of Peleus, and the swift horsemen assembled.
§23.288ὦρτο πολὺ πρῶτος μὲν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Εὔμηλος §23.289Ἀδμήτου φίλος υἱός, ὃς ἱπποσύνῃ ἐκέκαστο· §23.290τῷ δʼ ἐπὶ Τυδεΐδης ὦρτο κρατερὸς Διομήδης, §23.291ἵππους δὲ Τρῳοὺς ὕπαγε ζυγόν, οὕς ποτʼ ἀπηύρα §23.292Αἰνείαν, ἀτὰρ αὐτὸν ὑπεξεσάωσεν Ἀπόλλων.
First by far arose Eumelus, lord of men, the dear son of Admetus, who excelled in horsemanship; and after him arose the strong Diomedes, son of Tydeus, and he led under the yoke the Trojan horses, which once he took from Aeneas, though Apollo saved Aeneas himself.
§23.293τῷ δʼ ἄρʼ ἐπʼ Ἀτρεΐδης ὦρτο ξανθὸς Μενέλαος §23.294διογενής, ὑπὸ δὲ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν ὠκέας ἵππους §23.295Αἴθην τὴν Ἀγαμεμνονέην τὸν ἑόν τε Πόδαργον· §23.296τὴν Ἀγαμέμνονι δῶκʼ Ἀγχισιάδης Ἐχέπωλος §23.297δῶρʼ, ἵνα μή οἱ ἕποιθʼ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν, §23.298ἀλλʼ αὐτοῦ τέρποιτο μένων· μέγα γάρ οἱ ἔδωκε §23.299Ζεὺς ἄφενος, ναῖεν δʼ ὅ γʼ ἐν εὐρυχόρῳ Σικυῶνι· §23.300τὴν ὅ γʼ ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἦγε μέγα δρόμου ἰσχανόωσαν.
And after him arose blond Menelaus, son of Atreus, sprung from Zeus, and under the yoke he led swift horses, Aethe, Agamemnon's mare, and his own horse Podargus; her did Echepolus, son of Anchises, give to Agamemnon as a gift, so that he might not follow him to windy Ilios, but might stay and enjoy himself at home; for great wealth had Zeus given him, and he dwelt in Sicyon of the wide dancing floors; her he led under the yoke, she being very eager for the race.
§23.301Ἀντίλοχος δὲ τέταρτος ἐΰτριχας ὁπλίσαθʼ ἵππους, §23.302Νέστορος ἀγλαὸς υἱὸς ὑπερθύμοιο ἄνακτος §23.303τοῦ Νηληϊάδαο· Πυλοιγενέες δέ οἱ ἵπποι §23.304ὠκύποδες φέρον ἅρμα· πατὴρ δέ οἱ ἄγχι παραστὰς §23.305μυθεῖτʼ εἰς ἀγαθὰ φρονέων νοέοντι καὶ αὐτῷ· §23.306Ἀντίλοχʼ ἤτοι μέν σε νέον περ ἐόντʼ ἐφίλησαν §23.307Ζεύς τε Ποσειδάων τε, καὶ ἱπποσύνας ἐδίδαξαν §23.308παντοίας· τὼ καί σε διδασκέμεν οὔ τι μάλα χρεώ· §23.309οἶσθα γὰρ εὖ περὶ τέρμαθʼ ἑλισσέμεν· ἀλλά τοι ἵπποι §23.310βάρδιστοι θείειν· τώ τʼ οἴω λοίγιʼ ἔσεσθαι.
And fourth Antilochus harnessed his fair-maned horses, the glorious son of high-hearted king Nestor, the son of Neleus; and his Pylian-born horses, swift of foot, bore his chariot; and his father, standing close beside him, spoke to him for his profit, though he was himself wise: "Antilochus, though you are young, yet have loved you both Zeus and Poseidon, and have taught you horsemanship of every kind; therefore to teach you is not very necessary; for you know well how to wheel around the turning-post; but your horses are the slowest to run; and so I think there will be trouble.
§23.311τῶν δʼ ἵπποι μὲν ἔασιν ἀφάρτεροι, οὐδὲ μὲν αὐτοὶ §23.312πλείονα ἴσασιν σέθεν αὐτοῦ μητίσασθαι.
The horses of the others are faster, but they themselves do not know how to plan better than you yourself.
§23.313ἀλλʼ ἄγε δὴ σὺ φίλος μῆτιν ἐμβάλλεο θυμῷ §23.314παντοίην, ἵνα μή σε παρεκπροφύγῃσιν ἄεθλα.
But come, dear son, lay up in your mind device of every kind, so that the prizes may not escape you.
§23.315μήτι τοι δρυτόμος μέγʼ ἀμείνων ἠὲ βίηφι· §23.316μήτι δʼ αὖτε κυβερνήτης ἐνὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ §23.317νῆα θοὴν ἰθύνει ἐρεχθομένην ἀνέμοισι· §23.318μήτι δʼ ἡνίοχος περιγίγνεται ἡνιόχοιο.
By skill is a woodcutter far better than by force; and by skill again a helmsman on the wine-dark sea guides a swift ship when it is tossed by winds; and by skill again a charioteer surpasses a charioteer.
§23.319ἀλλʼ ὃς μέν θʼ ἵπποισι καὶ ἅρμασιν οἷσι πεποιθὼς §23.320ἀφραδέως ἐπὶ πολλὸν ἑλίσσεται ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα, §23.321ἵπποι δὲ πλανόωνται ἀνὰ δρόμον, οὐδὲ κατίσχει· §23.322ὃς δέ κε κέρδεα εἰδῇ ἐλαύνων ἥσσονας ἵππους, §23.323αἰεὶ τέρμʼ ὁρόων στρέφει ἐγγύθεν, οὐδέ ἑ λήθει §23.324ὅππως τὸ πρῶτον τανύσῃ βοέοισιν ἱμᾶσιν, §23.325ἀλλʼ ἔχει ἀσφαλέως καὶ τὸν προὔχοντα δοκεύει.
But he who, trusting only in his horses and chariot, mindlessly wheels wide this way and that, his horses wander over the course, and he does not hold them in; but he who knows cunning tricks, though driving slower horses, always keeping his eye on the turning-post, turns close to it, nor does it escape him how at the first he must stretch his horses with the leather reins, but he holds them steadily and watches the one in front.
§23.326σῆμα δέ τοι ἐρέω μάλʼ ἀριφραδές, οὐδέ σε λήσει.
And a sign I will tell you, very clear, nor shall it escape you.
§23.327ἕστηκε ξύλον αὖον ὅσον τʼ ὄργυιʼ ὑπὲρ αἴης §23.328ἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης· τὸ μὲν οὐ καταπύθεται ὄμβρῳ, §23.329λᾶε δὲ τοῦ ἑκάτερθεν ἐρηρέδαται δύο λευκὼ §23.330ἐν ξυνοχῇσιν ὁδοῦ, λεῖος δʼ ἱππόδρομος ἀμφὶς §23.331ἤ τευ σῆμα βροτοῖο πάλαι κατατεθνηῶτος, §23.332ἢ τό γε νύσσα τέτυκτο ἐπὶ προτέρων ἀνθρώπων, §23.333καὶ νῦν τέρματʼ ἔθηκε ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.
There stands a dry stump, about a fathom above the ground, either of oak or of pine; and it is not rotted by the rain, and two white stones are propped on either side of it at the joining of the ways, and the smooth racecourse is around it; either it is the monument of some mortal dead long ago, or it was made a turning-post by men of former times, and now swift-footed noble Achilles has made it the turning-post.
§23.334τῷ σὺ μάλʼ ἐγχρίμψας ἐλάαν σχεδὸν ἅρμα καὶ ἵππους, §23.335αὐτὸς δὲ κλινθῆναι ἐϋπλέκτῳ ἐνὶ δίφρῳ §23.336ἦκʼ ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ τοῖιν· ἀτὰρ τὸν δεξιὸν ἵππον §23.337κένσαι ὁμοκλήσας, εἶξαί τέ οἱ ἡνία χερσίν.
Leaning close to this, drive your chariot and horses near, and yourself lean, in your well-woven chariot-seat, gently to the left of them; but the right-hand horse goad, calling aloud to him, and give him rein with your hands.
§23.338ἐν νύσσῃ δέ τοι ἵππος ἀριστερὸς ἐγχριμφθήτω, §23.339ὡς ἄν τοι πλήμνη γε δοάσσεται ἄκρον ἱκέσθαι §23.340κύκλου ποιητοῖο· λίθου δʼ ἀλέασθαι ἐπαυρεῖν, §23.341μή πως ἵππους τε τρώσῃς κατά θʼ ἅρματα ἄξῃς· §23.342χάρμα δὲ τοῖς ἄλλοισιν, ἐλεγχείη δὲ σοὶ αὐτῷ §23.343ἔσσεται· ἀλλὰ φίλος φρονέων πεφυλαγμένος εἶναι.
And at the turning-post let your left-hand horse lean close, so that the hub of the well-made wheel may seem to touch the edge; but avoid touching the stone, lest you wound your horses and break your chariot; and there will be joy for the others, but shame for yourself; nay, dear son, be wise and be on your guard.
§23.344εἰ γάρ κʼ ἐν νύσσῃ γε παρεξελάσῃσθα διώκων, §23.345οὐκ ἔσθʼ ὅς κέ σʼ ἕλῃσι μετάλμενος οὐδὲ παρέλθῃ, §23.346οὐδʼ εἴ κεν μετόπισθεν Ἀρίονα δῖον ἐλαύνοι
For if at the turning-post you drive past in pursuit, there is no one who can catch you by leaping after you, nor pass you by, not even if behind you he were driving noble Arion,"

Notes

  1. 23.282λοέσσας — Aorist active participle, nominative masculine singular, from λοέω (Homeric form of λούω). It agrees with the subject of the relative clause ὅς (Patroclus), meaning "after having washed them."
  2. 23.284ἐρηρέδαται — Third-person plural perfect middle/passive indicative of ἐρείδω, featuring the Epic Ionic ending -αται instead of -νται, with the neuter plural subject χαῖται.
  3. 23.315μήτι — Dative singular of μῆτις ("skill, wisdom"), functioning as a dative of means ("by skill"). It is placed at the beginning of successive lines for rhetorical emphasis. It should not be confused with the negative particle μή.
  4. 23.339ὡς ἄν τοι πλήμνη γε δοάσσεται — The construction ὡς ἄν with the subjunctive (or future indicative, here δοάσσεται, meaning "seems" or "appears") expresses purpose or expected result ("so that the hub may seem").
  5. 23.343πεφυλαγμένος εἶναι — The infinitive εἶναι (with the perfect passive participle πεφυλαγμένος) is used in an imperative sense (the infinitive of command).

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §23.279-23.346. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:23.279-23.346

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