Humanitext Reader

Homer · Iliad §23.209-23.278

Gathering of Patroclus' Bones and Opening of the Games

Passage 205 of 226 · Greek

Summary

The funeral pyre of Patroclus is finally consumed by fire with the help of the winds, and Achilles gathers his bones. Achilles then establishes funeral games in honor of his fallen friend, presenting glorious prizes for the chariot race.

§23.209ἐλθεῖν ἀρᾶται, καὶ ὑπίσχεται ἱερὰ καλά, §23.210ὄφρα πυρὴν ὄρσητε καήμεναι, ᾗ ἔνι κεῖται §23.211Πάτροκλος, τὸν πάντες ἀναστενάχουσιν Ἀχαιοί. §23.212ἣ μὲν ἄρʼ ὣς εἰποῦσʼ ἀπεβήσετο, τοὶ δʼ ὀρέοντο
prays them to come, and promises fair offerings, so that you may arouse the pyre to burn, on which lies Patroclus, whom all the Achaeans lament." So she spoke and departed, and they rushed forth with a wondrous roar, driving the clouds before them.
§23.213ἠχῇ θεσπεσίῃ νέφεα κλονέοντε πάροιθεν. §23.214αἶψα δὲ πόντον ἵκανον ἀήμεναι, ὦρτο δὲ κῦμα §23.215πνοιῇ ὕπο λιγυρῇ· Τροίην δʼ ἐρίβωλον ἱκέσθην, §23.216ἐν δὲ πυρῇ πεσέτην, μέγα δʼ ἴαχε θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ.
And quickly they came to the sea to blow upon it, and the wave arose under their shrill blast; and they came to fertile Troy, and fell upon the pyre, and the wondrously blazing fire roared aloud.
§23.217παννύχιοι δʼ ἄρα τοί γε πυρῆς ἄμυδις φλόγʼ ἔβαλλον §23.218φυσῶντες λιγέως· ὃ δὲ πάννυχος ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς §23.219χρυσέου ἐκ κρητῆρος ἑλὼν δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον §23.220οἶνον ἀφυσσόμενος χαμάδις χέε, δεῦε δὲ γαῖαν §23.221ψυχὴν κικλήσκων Πατροκλῆος δειλοῖο.
All night long they together beat upon the flame of the pyre, blowing shrilly; and all night long swift Achilles, taking a two-handled cup from a golden bowl, drawing wine poured it upon the ground, and wet the earth, calling upon the soul of unhappy Patroclus.
§23.222ὡς δὲ πατὴρ οὗ παιδὸς ὀδύρεται ὀστέα καίων §23.223νυμφίου, ὅς τε θανὼν δειλοὺς ἀκάχησε τοκῆας, §23.224ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς ἑτάροιο ὀδύρετο ὀστέα καίων, §23.225ἑρπύζων παρὰ πυρκαϊὴν ἁδινὰ στεναχίζων.
And as a father wails for his son, burning his bones, a bridegroom, who by his death has grieved his unhappy parents, so Achilles wailed for his companion, burning his bones, dragging himself beside the funeral pyre, groaning heavily.
§23.226ἦμος δʼ ἑωσφόρος εἶσι φόως ἐρέων ἐπὶ γαῖαν, §23.227ὅν τε μέτα κροκόπεπλος ὑπεὶρ ἅλα κίδναται ἠώς, §23.228τῆμος πυρκαϊὴ ἐμαραίνετο, παύσατο δὲ φλόξ.
But when the morning star goes forth to herald light to the earth, whom after the saffron-robed Dawn spreads over the sea, then the pyre grew dim, and the flame ceased.
§23.229οἳ δʼ ἄνεμοι πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαν οἶκον δὲ νέεσθαι §23.230Θρηΐκιον κατὰ πόντον· ὃ δʼ ἔστενεν οἴδματι θύων.
And the winds went back again to return home over the Thracian sea; and it groaned, raging with swelling waves.
§23.231Πηλεΐδης δʼ ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς ἑτέρωσε λιασθεὶς §23.232κλίνθη κεκμηώς, ἐπὶ δὲ γλυκὺς ὕπνος ὄρουσεν· §23.233οἳ δʼ ἀμφʼ Ἀτρεΐωνα ἀολλέες ἠγερέθοντο· §23.234τῶν μιν ἐπερχομένων ὅμαδος καὶ δοῦπος ἔγειρεν, §23.235ἕζετο δʼ ὀρθωθεὶς καί σφεας πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν· §23.236Ἀτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἀριστῆες Παναχαιῶν, §23.237πρῶτον μὲν κατὰ πυρκαϊὴν σβέσατʼ αἴθοπι οἴνῳ §23.238πᾶσαν, ὁπόσσον ἐπέσχε πυρὸς μένος· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα §23.239ὀστέα Πατρόκλοιο Μενοιτιάδαο λέγωμεν §23.240εὖ διαγιγνώσκοντες· ἀριφραδέα δὲ τέτυκται· §23.241ἐν μέσσῃ γὰρ ἔκειτο πυρῇ, τοὶ δʼ ἄλλοι ἄνευθεν §23.242ἐσχατιῇ καίοντʼ ἐπιμὶξ ἵπποι τε καὶ ἄνδρες.
But the son of Peleus, turning away from the pyre, lay down exhausted, and sweet sleep leaped upon him; but they who were with the son of Atreus gathered in a crowd; the clamor and din of their coming awoke him, and he sat upright and spoke to them: "Son of Atreus, and you other leaders of the whole body of Achaeans, first quench the funeral pyre with gleaming wine wholly, as far as the power of the fire spread; and then let us gather the bones of Patroclus, son of Menoetius, distinguishing them well; and they are easy to recognize; for he lay in the middle of the pyre, but the others apart were burned on the edge, mingled together, horses and men.
§23.243καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐν χρυσέῃ φιάλῃ καὶ δίπλακι δημῷ §23.244θείομεν, εἰς ὅ κεν αὐτὸς ἐγὼν Ἄϊδι κεύθωμαι.
And his bones let us place in a golden urn and a double layer of fat, until I myself am hidden in Hades.
§23.245τύμβον δʼ οὐ μάλα πολλὸν ἐγὼ πονέεσθαι ἄνωγα, §23.246ἀλλʼ ἐπιεικέα τοῖον· ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τὸν Ἀχαιοὶ §23.247εὐρύν θʼ ὑψηλόν τε τιθήμεναι, οἵ κεν ἐμεῖο §23.248δεύτεροι ἐν νήεσσι πολυκλήϊσι λίπησθε. §23.249ὣς ἔφαθʼ, οἳ δʼ ἐπίθοντο ποδώκεϊ Πηλεΐωνι.
And a tomb I bid you labor at not very huge, but only such as is fitting; and hereafter you Achaeans shall make it both broad and high, you who shall be left behind me in the many-bench ships." So he spoke, and they obeyed the swift-footed son of Peleus.
§23.250πρῶτον μὲν κατὰ πυρκαϊὴν σβέσαν αἴθοπι οἴνῳ §23.251ὅσσον ἐπὶ φλὸξ ἦλθε, βαθεῖα δὲ κάππεσε τέφρη· §23.252κλαίοντες δʼ ἑτάροιο ἐνηέος ὀστέα λευκὰ §23.253ἄλλεγον ἐς χρυσέην φιάλην καὶ δίπλακα δημόν, §23.254ἐν κλισίῃσι δὲ θέντες ἑανῷ λιτὶ κάλυψαν· §23.255τορνώσαντο δὲ σῆμα θεμείλιά τε προβάλοντο §23.256ἀμφὶ πυρήν· εἶθαρ δὲ χυτὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἔχευαν, §23.257χεύαντες δὲ τὸ σῆμα πάλιν κίον.
First they quenched the funeral pyre with gleaming wine as far as the flame had come, and the deep ashes fell down; and weeping they gathered the white bones of their gentle companion into a golden urn and a double layer of fat, and placing them in the tents they covered them with a soft linen cloth; and they marked out the circle of the tomb and laid the foundations around the pyre; and straightway they heaped up the piled earth, and having heaped the tomb they went back.
αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς §23.258αὐτοῦ λαὸν ἔρυκε καὶ ἵζανεν εὐρὺν ἀγῶνα, §23.259νηῶν δʼ ἔκφερʼ ἄεθλα λέβητάς τε τρίποδάς τε §23.260ἵππους θʼ ἡμιόνους τε βοῶν τʼ ἴφθιμα κάρηνα, §23.261ἠδὲ γυναῖκας ἐϋζώνους πολιόν τε σίδηρον.
But Achilles held the people there and made them sit in a wide assembly, and from his ships he brought out prizes, cauldrons and tripods, and horses and mules and strong heads of oxen, and fair-girdled women and grey iron.
§23.262ἱππεῦσιν μὲν πρῶτα ποδώκεσιν ἀγλάʼ ἄεθλα §23.263θῆκε γυναῖκα ἄγεσθαι ἀμύμονα ἔργα ἰδυῖαν §23.264καὶ τρίποδʼ ὠτώεντα δυωκαιεικοσίμετρον §23.265τῷ πρώτῳ· ἀτὰρ αὖ τῷ δευτέρῳ ἵππον ἔθηκεν §23.266ἑξέτεʼ ἀδμήτην βρέφος ἡμίονον κυέουσαν· §23.267αὐτὰρ τῷ τριτάτῳ ἄπυρον κατέθηκε λέβητα §23.268καλὸν τέσσαρα μέτρα κεχανδότα λευκὸν ἔτʼ αὔτως· §23.269τῷ δὲ τετάρτῳ θῆκε δύω χρυσοῖο τάλαντα, §23.270πέμπτῳ δʼ ἀμφίθετον φιάλην ἀπύρωτον ἔθηκε.
For the swift-footed horsemen first glorious prizes he set, a woman to take away, faultless, skilled in work, and an eared tripod of twenty-two measures for the first; and for the second he set a mare six years old, unbroken, pregnant with a mule foal; and for the third he set a cauldron untouched by fire, beautiful, holding four measures, still white just as it was; and for the fourth he set two talents of gold, and for the fifth a two-handled pan untouched by fire.
§23.271στῆ δʼ ὀρθὸς καὶ μῦθον ἐν Ἀργείοισιν ἔειπεν· §23.272Ἀτρεΐδη τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοὶ §23.273ἱππῆας τάδʼ ἄεθλα δεδεγμένα κεῖτʼ ἐν ἀγῶνι.
And he stood upright and spoke his word among the Argives: "Son of Atreus, and you other well-greaved Achaeans, these prizes lie in the assembly awaiting the horsemen.
§23.274εἰ μὲν νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν Ἀχαιοὶ §23.275ἦ τʼ ἂν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτα λαβὼν κλισίην δὲ φεροίμην.
If we Achaeans were now contending in honor of another, surely I should take the first prizes and carry them to my tent.
§23.276ἴστε γὰρ ὅσσον ἐμοὶ ἀρετῇ περιβάλλετον ἵπποι· §23.277ἀθάνατοί τε γάρ εἰσι, Ποσειδάων δὲ πόρʼ αὐτοὺς §23.278πατρὶ ἐμῷ Πηλῆϊ, ὃ δʼ αὖτʼ ἐμοὶ ἐγγυάλιξεν.
For you know how far my horses surpass in excellence; for they are immortal, and Poseidon gave them to my father Peleus, and he in turn delivered them to me."

Notes

  1. §23.210ὄρσητε καήμεναι — The infinitive καήμεναι (Aorist Passive) expresses purpose or result ("to burn"). It is used in combination with the verb ὄρσητε (Aorist Subjunctive) to mean "arouse the pyre so that it burns."
  2. §23.214ἀήμεναι — A present infinitive ("to blow") following the verb ἵκανον. It functions as an adverbial infinitive of purpose.
  3. §23.240ἀριφραδέα δὲ τέτυκται — The adjective ἀριφραδέα is neuter plural but serves as a predicate to the third person singular verb τέτυκται. This follows the standard Greek rule of agreement where a neuter plural subject (here ὀστέα, "bones") takes a singular verb.
  4. §23.244εἰς ὅ κεν αὐτὸς ἐγὼν Ἄϊδι κεύθωμαι — A temporal clause introduced by the conjunction phrase εἰς ὅ κεν followed by the subjunctive κεύθωμαι (present or aorist middle), expressing an indefinite future event ("until I myself am hidden in Hades"). The dative Ἄϊδι functions as a dative of direction or place ("in/to the house of Hades").
  5. §23.273ἱππῆας τάδʼ ἄεθλα δεδεγμένα κεῖτʼ ἐν ἀγῶνι — The participle δεδεγμένα, a medio-passive participle of δέχομαι, can be construed as modifying the neuter plural subject ἄεθλα while taking ἱππῆας as its object ("the prizes lie awaiting the horsemen"). This is the most natural interpretation.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §23.209-23.278. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:23.209-23.278

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