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Homer · Iliad §19.355-19.424

Arming of Achilles and the Prophecy of Xanthus

Passage 177 of 226 · Greek

Summary

While Athena returns to heaven, the Achaean army sally forth, and Achilles arms himself with Hephaestus' armor and Peleus' spear. As he mounts his chariot, his horse Xanthus prophesies his impending death, but Achilles, fully accepting his fate, charges into battle.

§19.355αὐτὴ δὲ πρὸς πατρὸς ἐρισθενέος πυκινὸν δῶ §19.356ᾤχετο, τοὶ δʼ ἀπάνευθε νεῶν ἐχέοντο θοάων.
She herself went to the sturdy house of her mighty father, while they poured forth away from the swift ships.
§19.357ὡς δʼ ὅτε ταρφειαὶ νιφάδες Διὸς ἐκποτέονται §19.358ψυχραὶ ὑπὸ ῥιπῆς αἰθρηγενέος Βορέαο, §19.359ὣς τότε ταρφειαὶ κόρυθες λαμπρὸν γανόωσαι §19.360νηῶν ἐκφορέοντο καὶ ἀσπίδες ὀμφαλόεσσαι §19.361θώρηκές τε κραταιγύαλοι καὶ μείλινα δοῦρα.
As when thick snowflakes flutter down from Zeus, cold beneath the blast of Boreas that clears the sky, so then thick helmets, brightly gleaming, were carried out from the ships, and bossed shields, strong-plated breastplates, and ashen spears.
§19.362αἴγλη δʼ οὐρανὸν ἷκε, γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα περὶ χθὼν §19.363χαλκοῦ ὑπὸ στεροπῆς· ὑπὸ δὲ κτύπος ὄρνυτο ποσσὶν §19.364ἀνδρῶν· ἐν δὲ μέσοισι κορύσσετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.
And the gleam reached heaven, and all the earth around laughed beneath the flash of bronze; and a dull tramp of men's feet arose beneath, and in their midst noble Achilles armed himself.
§19.365τοῦ καὶ ὀδόντων μὲν καναχὴ πέλε, τὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε §19.366λαμπέσθην ὡς εἴ τε πυρὸς σέλας, ἐν δέ οἱ ἦτορ §19.367δῦνʼ ἄχος ἄτλητον· ὃ δʼ ἄρα Τρωσὶν μενεαίνων §19.368δύσετο δῶρα θεοῦ, τά οἱ Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων.
And of him there was a gnashing of teeth, and his two eyes blazed as it were the gleam of fire, and into his heart entered intolerable grief; and raging against the Trojans he put on the gifts of the god, which Hephaestus had wrought for him with labor.
§19.369κνημῖδας μὲν πρῶτα περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε §19.370καλὰς ἀργυρέοισιν ἐπισφυρίοις ἀραρυίας· §19.371δεύτερον αὖ θώρηκα περὶ στήθεσσιν ἔδυνεν. §19.372ἀμφὶ δʼ ἄρʼ ὤμοισιν βάλετο ξίφος ἀργυρόηλον §19.373χάλκεον· αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα σάκος μέγα τε στιβαρόν τε §19.374εἵλετο, τοῦ δʼ ἀπάνευθε σέλας γένετʼ ἠΰτε μήνης.
First he placed the beautiful greaves about his legs, fitted with silver ankle-pieces; next he put on the breastplate about his chest; and about his shoulders he slung the bronze sword with silver studs; then he took the shield, great and sturdy, from which a gleam shone afar as of the moon.
§19.375ὡς δʼ ὅτʼ ἂν ἐκ πόντοιο σέλας ναύτῃσι φανήῃ §19.376καιομένοιο πυρός, τό τε καίεται ὑψόθʼ ὄρεσφι §19.377σταθμῷ ἐν οἰοπόλῳ· τοὺς δʼ οὐκ ἐθέλοντας ἄελλαι §19.378πόντον ἐπʼ ἰχθυόεντα φίλων ἀπάνευθε φέρουσιν· §19.379ὣς ἀπʼ Ἀχιλλῆος σάκεος σέλας αἰθέρʼ ἵκανε §19.380καλοῦ δαιδαλέου·
And as when to sailors at sea there appears the gleam of a burning fire, which burns high up on the mountains in a lonely steading, but storms carry them against their will over the fish-teeming deep away from their friends; so from the beautiful and fashioned shield of Achilles did the gleam reach the upper air.
περὶ δὲ τρυφάλειαν ἀείρας §19.381κρατὶ θέτο βριαρήν· ἣ δʼ ἀστὴρ ὣς ἀπέλαμπεν §19.382ἵππουρις τρυφάλεια, περισσείοντο δʼ ἔθειραι §19.383χρύσεαι, ἃς Ἥφαιστος ἵει λόφον ἀμφὶ θαμειάς.
And lifting the heavy helmet, he set it upon his head; and it shone like a star, the helmet with plume of horse-hair, and the golden hairs rippled around it, which Hephaestus had set thickly about the crest.
§19.384πειρήθη δʼ ἕο αὐτοῦ ἐν ἔντεσι δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς, §19.385εἰ οἷ ἐφαρμόσσειε καὶ ἐντρέχοι ἀγλαὰ γυῖα· §19.386τῷ δʼ εὖτε πτερὰ γίγνετʼ, ἄειρε δὲ ποιμένα λαῶν.
And noble Achilles made trial of himself in his armor, to see if it fitted him and if his glorious limbs had free play within; and to him it became as wings, and lifted up the shepherd of the people.
§19.387ἐκ δʼ ἄρα σύριγγος πατρώϊον ἐσπάσατʼ ἔγχος §19.388βριθὺ μέγα στιβαρόν· τὸ μὲν οὐ δύνατʼ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν §19.389πάλλειν, ἀλλά μιν οἶος ἐπίστατο πῆλαι Ἀχιλλεύς, §19.390Πηλιάδα μελίην, τὴν πατρὶ φίλῳ πόρε Χείρων §19.391Πηλίου ἐκ κορυφῆς φόνον ἔμμεναι ἡρώεσσιν·
And from its case he drew his father's spear, heavy and great and sturdy, which no other of the Achaeans could wield, but Achilles alone knew how to brandish it, the Pelian ashen spear, which Cheiron had given to his dear father from the peak of Pelion, to be the death of heroes.
§19.392ἵππους δʼ Αὐτομέδων τε καὶ Ἄλκιμος ἀμφιέποντες §19.393ζεύγνυον· ἀμφὶ δὲ καλὰ λέπαδνʼ ἕσαν, ἐν δὲ χαλινοὺς §19.394γαμφηλῇς ἔβαλον, κατὰ δʼ ἡνία τεῖναν ὀπίσσω §19.395κολλητὸν ποτὶ δίφρον.
And Automedon and Alcimus, busying themselves, yoked the horses, and put the beautiful collar-straps about them, and cast the bits into their jaws, and drew the reins back to the well-joined chariot.
ὃ δὲ μάστιγα φαεινὴν §19.396χειρὶ λαβὼν ἀραρυῖαν ἐφʼ ἵπποιιν ἀνόρουσεν §19.397Αὐτομέδων· ὄπιθεν δὲ κορυσσάμενος βῆ Ἀχιλλεὺς §19.398τεύχεσι παμφαίνων ὥς τʼ ἠλέκτωρ Ὑπερίων, §19.399σμερδαλέον δʼ ἵπποισιν ἐκέκλετο πατρὸς ἑοῖο· §19.400Ξάνθέ τε καὶ Βαλίε τηλεκλυτὰ τέκνα Ποδάργης §19.401ἄλλως δὴ φράζεσθε σαωσέμεν ἡνιοχῆα §19.402ἂψ Δαναῶν ἐς ὅμιλον ἐπεί χʼ ἕωμεν πολέμοιο, §19.403μηδʼ ὡς Πάτροκλον λίπετʼ αὐτόθι τεθνηῶτα. §19.404τὸν δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὸ ζυγόφι προσέφη πόδας αἰόλος ἵππος §19.405Ξάνθος, ἄφαρ δʼ ἤμυσε καρήατι· πᾶσα δὲ χαίτη §19.406ζεύγλης ἐξεριποῦσα παρὰ ζυγὸν οὖδας ἵκανεν· §19.407αὐδήεντα δʼ ἔθηκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη· §19.408καὶ λίην σʼ ἔτι νῦν γε σαώσομεν ὄβριμʼ Ἀχιλλεῦ· §19.409ἀλλά τοι ἐγγύθεν ἦμαρ ὀλέθριον· οὐδέ τοι ἡμεῖς §19.410αἴτιοι, ἀλλὰ θεός τε μέγας καὶ Μοῖρα κραταιή.
And Automedon, grasping in his hand the bright whip that fitted it, leaped upon the chariot; and behind him stepped Achilles, armed for battle, gleaming in his armor like the bright sun Hyperion; and terribly he called to the horses of his father: "Xanthus and Balius, far-famed children of Podarge, in other wise now take thought to bring your charioteer back safe to the host of the Danaans, when we have had our fill of war, and do not leave him there dead, as you did Patroclus." Then from beneath the yoke spoke to him his swift-footed horse, Xanthus, and straightway he bowed his head, and all his mane, falling from the yoke-strap beside the yoke, reached the ground; and the white-armed goddess Hera gave him speech: "Aye, and still we will save you this time, mighty Achilles; yet your day of destruction is near at hand, and we are not the cause, but a great god and strong Fate.
§19.411οὐδὲ γὰρ ἡμετέρῃ βραδυτῆτί τε νωχελίῃ τε §19.412Τρῶες ἀπʼ ὤμοιιν Πατρόκλου τεύχεʼ ἕλοντο· §19.413ἀλλὰ θεῶν ὤριστος, ὃν ἠΰκομος τέκε Λητώ, §19.414ἔκτανʼ ἐνὶ προμάχοισι καὶ Ἕκτορι κῦδος ἔδωκε.
For it was not by our slowness or our laziness that the Trojans stripped the armor from Patroclus' shoulders; but the best of gods, whom fair-haired Leto bore, slew him among the foremost fighters and gave glory to Hector.
§19.415νῶϊ δὲ καί κεν ἅμα πνοιῇ Ζεφύροιο θέοιμεν, §19.416ἥν περ ἐλαφροτάτην φάσʼ ἔμμεναι· ἀλλὰ σοὶ αὐτῷ §19.417μόρσιμόν ἐστι θεῷ τε καὶ ἀνέρι ἶφι δαμῆναι. §19.418ὣς ἄρα φωνήσαντος Ἐρινύες ἔσχεθον αὐδήν.
And we two could run even as fast as the breath of the West Wind, which they say is the lightest of all; but for you yourself it is fated to be vanquished in fight by a god and a mortal." When he had thus spoken, the Erinyes stopped his voice.
§19.419τὸν δὲ μέγʼ ὀχθήσας προσέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς· §19.420Ξάνθε τί μοι θάνατον μαντεύεαι;
Then, greatly vexed, swift-footed Achilles spoke to him: "Xanthus, why do you prophesy my death?
οὐδέ τί σε χρή.
You have no need.
§19.421εὖ νυ τὸ οἶδα καὶ αὐτὸς ὅ μοι μόρος ἐνθάδʼ ὀλέσθαι §19.422νόσφι φίλου πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος· ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔμπης §19.423οὐ λήξω πρὶν Τρῶας ἅδην ἐλάσαι πολέμοιο. §19.424ἦ ῥα, καὶ ἐν πρώτοις ἰάχων ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους.
Well do I know even of myself that it is my fate to perish here, far from my dear father and mother; but nevertheless I will not cease until I have driven the Trojans to their fill of war." He spoke, and with a shout drove his single-hoofed horses among the foremost.

Notes

  1. §19.386τῷ δʼ εὖτε πτερὰ γίγνετʼ — The conjunction εὖτε generally means 'when', but in Homeric Greek it can function like ὥστε (as, like) to introduce a simile. Here it indicates that the armor became like wings to him, lifting his body.
  2. §19.401ἄλλως δὴ φράζεσθε — The adverb ἄλλως (otherwise, in another way) functions as a warning command to the horses to act 'differently' from how they did with Patroclus, ensuring they bring their living charioteer back safely this time.
  3. §19.415νῶϊ δὲ καί κεν ἅμα πνοιῇ Ζεφύροιο θέοιμεν — The optative θέοιμεν with the particle κεν (equivalent to ἄν) expresses potential ability ('we could even run'). The horses assert their supernatural speed, emphasizing that Achilles' impending death will not be due to any slowness on their part.

Cite this passage

Homer, Iliad §19.355-19.424. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:19.355-19.424

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