§49ἀντειπεῖν δὲ τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις ἢ λοιδορήσασθαι δεινότερον ἐνόμιζον ἢ νῦν περὶ τοὺς γονέας ἐξαμαρτεῖν.
To contradict their elders or to insult them was considered more outrageous than it is now to wrong one's parents.
ἐν καπηλείῳ δὲ φαγεῖν ἢ πιεῖν οὐδεὶς οὐδʼ ἂν οἰκέτης ἐπιεικὴς ἐτόλμησεν· σεμνύνεσθαι γὰρ ἐμελέτων, ἀλλʼ οὐ βωμολοχεύεσθαι.
To eat or drink in a tavern was something that not even a respectable slave would have dared to do; for they practiced dignity, not vulgar buffoonery.
καὶ τοὺς εὐτραπέλους δὲ καὶ τοὺς σκώπτειν δυναμένους, οὓς νῦν εὐφυεῖς προσαγορεύουσιν, ἐκεῖνοι δυστυχεῖς ἐνόμιζον.
And as for those who were witty and capable of making jests, whom people now address as "gifted," those men regarded them as unfortunate.
§50καὶ μηδεὶς οἰέσθω με δυσκόλως διακεῖσθαι πρὸς τοὺς ταύτην ἔχοντας τὴν ἡλικίαν.
And let no one think that I am ill-disposed toward those of this age.
οὔτε γὰρ ἡγοῦμαι τούτους αἰτίους εἶναι τῶν γιγνομένων, σύνοιδά τε τοῖς πλείστοις αὐτῶν ἥκιστα χαίρουσι ταύτῃ τῇ καταστάσει, διʼ ἣν ἔξεστιν αὐτοῖς ἐν ταῖς ἀκολασίαις ταύταις διατρίβειν· ὥστʼ οὐκ ἂν εἰκότως τούτοις ἐπιτιμῴην, ἀλλὰ πολὺ δικαιότερον τοῖς ὀλίγῳ πρὸ ἡμῶν τὴν πόλιν διοικήσασιν.
For I do not hold them responsible for what is happening, and I am well aware that most of them are least pleased with this state of affairs, which permits them to waste their time in these self-indulgences; so that I could not reasonably find fault with them, but much more justly with those who governed the city shortly before us.
§51ἐκεῖνοι γὰρ ἦσαν οἱ προτρέψαντες ἐπὶ ταύτας τὰς ὀλιγωρίας καὶ καταλύσαντες τῆς βουλῆς δύναμιν.
For they were the ones who incited them to these negligences and dissolved the power of the council.
ἧς ἐπιστατούσης οὐ δικῶν οὐδʼ ἐγκλημάτων οὐδʼ εἰσφορῶν οὐδὲ πενίας οὐδὲ πολέμων ἡ πόλις ἔγεμεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἡσυχίαν εἶχον καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους ἅπαντας εἰρήνην ἦγον.
When this body was in supervision, the city was not filled with lawsuits, accusations, taxes, poverty, or wars, but they kept peace with one another and maintained peace with all others.
παρεῖχον γὰρ σφᾶς αὐτοὺς τοῖς μὲν Ἕλλησι πιστούς, §52τοῖς δὲ βαρβάροις φοβερούς· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ σεσωκότες ἦσαν, παρὰ δὲ τῶν δίκην τηλικαύτην εἰληφότες, ὥστʼ ἀγαπᾶν ἐκείνους εἰ μηδὲν ἔτι κακὸν πάσχοιεν.
For they presented themselves as trustworthy to the Greeks, and fearsome to the barbarians; for they had saved the former, and had inflicted such punishment upon the latter that they were content if they suffered no further harm.
τοιγάρτοι διὰ ταῦτα μετὰ τοσαύτης ἀσφαλείας διῆγον, ὥστε καλλίους εἶναι καὶ πολυτελεστέρας τὰς οἰκήσεις καὶ τὰς κατασκευὰς τὰς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀγρῶν ἢ τὰς ἐντὸς τείχους, καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν πολιτῶν μηδʼ εἰς τὰς ἑορτὰς εἰς ἄστυ καταβαίνειν, ἀλλʼ αἱρεῖσθαι μένειν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀγαθοῖς μᾶλλον ἢ τῶν κοινῶν ἀπολαύειν.
Consequently, because of this, they lived in such security that the dwellings and establishments in the countryside were more beautiful and expensive than those within the walls, and many of the citizens did not even come down to the city for the festivals, but preferred to remain with their private goods rather than enjoy the public ones.
§53οὐδὲ γὰρ τὰ περὶ τὰς θεωρίας, ὧν ἕνεκʼ ἄν τις ἦλθεν, ἀσελγῶς οὐδʼ ὑπερηφάνως ἀλλὰ νοῦν ἐχόντως ἐποίουν.
For not even in matters concerning the public spectacles, for the sake of which one might have come, did they act with excess or arrogance, but with intelligence.
οὐ γὰρ ἐκ τῶν πομπῶν οὐδʼ ἐκ τῶν περὶ τὰς χορηγίας φιλονεικιῶν οὐδʼ ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων ἀλαζονειῶν τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν ἐδοκίμαζον, ἀλλʼ ἐκ τοῦ σωφρόνως οἰκεῖν καὶ τοῦ βίου τοῦ καθʼ ἡμέραν καὶ τοῦ μηδένα τῶν πολιτῶν ἀπορεῖν τῶν ἐπιτηδείων.
For they did not judge happiness by processions, nor by rivalries in chorus sponsorships, nor by such ostentatious displays, but by temperate governance, by daily life, and by the fact that none of the citizens lacked the necessities of life.
ἐξ ὧνπερ χρὴ κρίνειν τοὺς ὡς ἀληθῶς εὖ πράττοντας καὶ μὴ φορτικῶς πολιτευομένους· §54ἐπεὶ νῦν γε τίς οὐκ ἂν ἐπὶ τοῖς γιγνομένοις τῶν εὖ φρονούντων ἀλγήσειεν, ὅταν ἴδῃ πολλοὺς τῶν πολιτῶν αὐτοὺς μὲν περὶ τῶν ἀναγκαίων, εἴθʼ ἕξουσιν εἴτε μή, πρὸ τῶν δικαστηρίων κληρουμένους, τῶν δʼ Ἑλλήνων τοὺς ἐλαύνειν τὰς ναῦς βουλομένους τρέφειν ἀξιοῦντας, καὶ χορεύοντας μὲν ἐν χρυσοῖς ἱματίοις, χειμάζοντας δʼ ἐν τοιούτοις ἐν οἷς οὐ βούλομαι λέγειν, καὶ τοιαύτας ἄλλας ἐναντιώσεις περὶ τὴν διοίκησιν γιγνομένας, αἳ μεγάλην αἰσχύνην τῇ πόλει ποιοῦσιν;
By these criteria indeed one ought to judge those who are truly prosperous and not those who govern in a vulgar manner; since now indeed, who among the right-thinking would not grieve over what is happening, when they see many of the citizens drawing lots before the courts to see whether they will have their daily bread or not, while demanding to support those of the Greeks who wish to row the ships, and dancing in golden garments, but spending the winter in such clothes as I do not wish to describe, and other such contradictions occurring in the administration, which bring great shame upon the city?
§55ὧν οὐδὲν ἦν ἐπʼ ἐκείνης τῆς βουλῆς· ἀπήλλαξε γὰρ τοὺς μὲν πένητας τῶν ἀποριῶν ταῖς ἐργασίαις καὶ ταῖς παρὰ τῶν ἐχόντων ὠφελίαις, τοὺς δὲ νεωτέρους τῶν ἀκολασιῶν τοῖς ἐπιτηδεύμασι καὶ ταῖς αὐτῶν ἐπιμελείαις, τοὺς δὲ πολιτευομένους τῶν πλεονεξιῶν ταῖς τιμωρίαις καὶ τῷ μὴ λανθάνειν τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας, τοὺς δὲ πρεσβυτέρους τῶν ἀθυμιῶν ταῖς τιμαῖς ταῖς πολιτικαῖς καὶ ταῖς παρὰ τῶν νεωτέρων θεραπείαις.
None of these things existed under that council; for it relieved the poor of their difficulties by employments and by help from the wealthy, the younger men from self-indulgence by occupations and by its own supervision, those in public life from greed by punishments and by not letting wrong-doers escape notice, and the elders from despondency by public honors and by the respect shown by the younger.
καίτοι πῶς ἂν γένοιτο ταύτης πλείονος ἀξία πολιτεία, τῆς οὕτω καλῶς ἁπάντων τῶν πραγμάτων ἐπιμεληθείσης;
And yet, how could there be a constitution of greater value than this, which cared so well for all affairs?
§56περὶ μὲν οὖν τῶν ποτὲ καθεστώτων τὰ μὲν πλεῖστα διεληλύθαμεν· ὅσα δὲ παραλελοίπαμεν, ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων, ὅτι κἀκεῖνα τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον εἶχε τούτοις, ῥᾴδιόν ἐστι καταμαθεῖν.
Now, concerning the institutions once established, we have gone through most of them; and as for those we have omitted, it is easy to understand from what has been said that they too were of the same character as these.
ἤδη δέ τινες ἀκούσαντές μου ταῦτα διεξιόντος ἐπῄνεσαν μὲν ὡς οἷόν τε μάλιστα, καὶ τοὺς προγόνους ἐμακάρισαν ὅτι τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον τὴν πόλιν διῴκουν, §57οὐ μὴν ὑμᾶς γε ᾤοντο πεισθήσεσθαι χρῆσθαι τούτοις, ἀλλʼ αἱρήσεσθαι διὰ τὴν συνήθειαν ἐν τοῖς καθεστηκόσι πράγμασι κακοπαθεῖν μᾶλλον ἢ μετὰ πολιτείας ἀκριβεστέρας ἄμεινον τὸν βίον διάγειν.
Indeed, some who heard me explaining these things praised them as highly as possible, and blessed our ancestors because they governed the city in this manner, but they did not think that you would be persuaded to employ them; rather, they thought that through habit you would choose to suffer under the established affairs rather than lead a better life under a more precise constitution.
εἶναι δʼ ἔφασαν ἐμοὶ καὶ κίνδυνον, μὴ τὰ βέλτιστα συμβουλεύων μισόδημος εἶναι δόξω καὶ τὴν πόλιν ζητεῖν εἰς ὀλιγαρχίαν ἐμβαλεῖν.
They also said that there was danger for me, lest in advising the best things I should seem to be a hater of the people and seek to cast the city into an oligarchy.