§1ὁρῶν, ὦ Νικόκλεις, τιμῶντά σε τὸν τάφον τοῦ πατρὸς οὐ μόνον τῷ πλήθει καὶ τῷ κάλλει τῶν ἐπιφερομένων, ἀλλὰ καὶ χοροῖς καὶ μουσικῇ καὶ γυμνικοῖς ἀγῶσιν, ἔτι δὲ πρὸς τούτοις ἵππων τε καὶ τριήρων ἁμίλλαις, καὶ λείποντʼ οὐδεμίαν τῶν τοιούτων ὑπερβολήν, §2ἡγησάμην Εὐαγόραν, εἴ τίς ἐστιν αἴσθησις τοῖς τετελευτηκόσι περὶ τῶν ἐνθάδε γιγνομένων, εὐμενῶς μὲν ἀποδέχεσθαι καὶ ταῦτα, καὶ χαίρειν ὁρῶντα τήν τε περὶ αὑτὸν ἐπιμέλειαν καὶ τὴν σὴν μεγαλοπρέπειαν, πολὺ δʼ ἂν ἔτι πλείω χάριν ἔχειν ἢ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασιν, εἴ τις δυνηθείη περὶ τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν κινδύνων ἀξίως διελθεῖν τῶν ἐκείνῳ πεπραγμένων·
Seeing, O Nicocles, that you honor the tomb of your father not only with the multitude and beauty of the offerings, but also with choruses, music, and athletic contests, and moreover with races of horses and triremes, and that you leave no luxury of this kind unsurpassed, I thought that Evagoras—if the departed have any perception of what happens here—accepts these things with goodwill, and rejoices seeing both the care shown for him and your magnificence, but would feel much greater gratitude than for all the rest, if someone could worthily recount his achievements and the dangers he faced.
§3εὑρήσομεν γὰρ τοὺς φιλοτίμους καὶ μεγαλοψύχους τῶν ἀνδρῶν οὐ μόνον ἀντὶ τῶν τοιούτων ἐπαινεῖσθαι βουλομένους, ἀλλʼ ἀντὶ τοῦ ζῆν ἀποθνῄσκειν εὐκλεῶς αἱρουμένους, καὶ μᾶλλον περὶ τῆς δόξης ἢ τοῦ βίου σπουδάζοντας, καὶ πάντα ποιοῦντας, ὅπως ἀθάνατον τὴν περὶ αὑτῶν μνήμην καταλείψουσιν.
For we shall find that ambitious and noble-minded men not only wish to be praised for such things, but choose to die gloriously instead of living, and are more zealous for glory than for life, and do everything so that they may leave an immortal memory of themselves.
§4αἱ μὲν οὖν δαπάναι τῶν μὲν τοιούτων οὐδὲν ἐξεργάζονται, τοῦ δὲ πλούτου σημεῖόν εἰσιν· οἱ δὲ περὶ τὴν μουσικὴν καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ἀγωνίας ὄντες, οἱ μὲν τὰς δυνάμεις τὰς αὑτῶν, οἱ δὲ τὰς τέχνας ἐπιδειξάμενοι, σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἐντιμοτέρους κατέστησαν· ὁ δὲ λόγος εἰ καλῶς διέλθοι τὰς ἐκείνου πράξεις, ἀείμνηστον ἂν τὴν ἀρετὴν τὴν Εὐαγόρου παρὰ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ποιήσειεν.
Now, while expenses of this kind accomplish nothing of that sort, but are merely a sign of wealth; and those who engage in music and the other contests, some displaying their physical strength and others their skills, make themselves more honored; yet a speech, if it should well recount his deeds, would make the virtue of Evagoras ever-memorable among all mankind.
§5ἐχρῆν μὲν οὖν καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐπαινεῖν τοὺς ἐφʼ αὑτῶν ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς γεγενημένους, ἵνʼ οἵ τε δυνάμενοι τὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἔργα κοσμεῖν ἐν εἰδόσι ποιούμενοι τοὺς λόγους ταῖς ἀληθείαις ἐχρῶντο περὶ αὐτῶν, οἵ τε νεώτεροι φιλοτιμοτέρως διέκειντο πρὸς τὴν ἀρετήν, εἰδότες ὅτι τούτων εὐλογήσονται μᾶλλον ὧν ἂν ἀμείνους σφᾶς αὐτοὺς παράσχωσιν.
Therefore, it was proper to praise also those other men who have become good in their own times, so that both those who are able to adorn the deeds of others might speak the truth about them before those who know, and the younger generation might be more ambitiously disposed toward virtue, knowing that they will be praised more in proportion as they show themselves better.
νῦν δὲ τίς οὐκ ἂν ἀθυμήσειεν, §6ὅταν ὁρᾷ τοὺς μὲν περὶ τὰ Τρωϊκὰ καὶ τοὺς ἐπέκεινα γενομένους ὑμνουμένους καὶ τραγῳδουμένους, αὑτὸν δὲ προειδῇ, μηδʼ ἂν ὑπερβάλλῃ τὰς ἐκείνων ἀρετάς, μηδέποτε τοιούτων ἐπαίνων ἀξιωθησόμενον;
But as it is, who would not be discouraged, when he sees those who lived at the time of the Trojan War and beyond being celebrated in hymns and tragedies, while he foresees that he himself, even if he should surpass their virtues, will never be deemed worthy of such praises?
τούτων δʼ αἴτιος ὁ φθόνος, ᾧ τοῦτο μόνον ἀγαθὸν πρόσεστιν, ὅτι μέγιστον κακὸν τοῖς ἔχουσίν ἐστιν.
The cause of this is envy, which has this only good thing about it, that it is the greatest evil to those who possess it.
οὕτω γάρ τινες δυσκόλως πεφύκασιν, ὥσθʼ ἥδιον ἂν εὐλογουμένων ἀκούοιεν οὓς οὐκ ἴσασιν εἰ γεγόνασιν, ἢ τούτων, ὑφʼ ὧν εὖ πεπονθότες αὐτοὶ τυγχάνουσιν.
For some are by nature so ill-tempered that they would more gladly listen to the praises of those whom they do not even know if they ever existed, than of those by whom they themselves happen to have been well treated.
§7οὐ μὴν δουλευτέον τοὺς νοῦν ἔχοντας τοῖς οὕτω κακῶς φρονοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὲν τοιούτων ἀμελητέον, τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους ἐθιστέον ἀκούειν περὶ ὧν καὶ λέγειν δίκαιόν ἐστιν, ἄλλως τʼ ἐπειδὴ καὶ τὰς ἐπιδόσεις ἴσμεν γιγνομένας καὶ τῶν τεχνῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων οὐ διὰ τοὺς ἐμμένοντας τοῖς καθεστῶσιν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τοὺς ἐπανορθοῦντας καὶ τολμῶντας ἀεί τι κινεῖν τῶν μὴ καλῶς ἐχόντων.
Nevertheless, those who have sense must not be slaves to those who think so badly, but rather ignore such people, and accustom others to listen about things which it is also just to speak of, especially since we know that progress, both in arts and in all other things, comes about not through those who abide by established practices, but through those who correct and dare to constantly alter what is not well established.
§8οἶδα μὲν οὖν ὅτι χαλεπόν ἐστιν ὃ μέλλω ποιεῖν, ἀνδρὸς ἀρετὴν διὰ λόγων ἐγκωμιάζειν.
Now, I know that what I am about to do—to praise a man's virtue through speech—is difficult.
σημεῖον δὲ μέγιστον· περὶ μὲν γὰρ ἄλλων πολλῶν καὶ παντοδαπῶν λέγειν τολμῶσιν οἱ περὶ τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ὄντες, περὶ δὲ τῶν τοιούτων οὐδεὶς πώποτʼ αὐτῶν συγγράφειν ἐπεχείρησεν.
And here is the greatest proof: for while those engaged in philosophy dare to speak about many other and diverse subjects, none of them has ever yet attempted to write about such a matter.
καὶ πολλὴν αὐτοῖς ἔχω συγγνώμην. τοῖς μὲν γὰρ ποιηταῖς πολλοὶ δέδονται κόσμοι·
And I have much sympathy for them; for to the poets many adornments have been given.
§9καὶ γὰρ πλησιάζοντας τοὺς θεοὺς τοῖς ἀνθρώποις οἷόν τʼ αὐτοῖς ποιῆσαι καὶ διαλεγομένους καὶ συναγωνιζομένους οἷς ἂν βουληθῶσι, καὶ περὶ τούτων δηλῶσαι μὴ μόνον τοῖς τεταγμένοις ὀνόμασιν, ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν ξένοις, τὰ δὲ καινοῖς, τὰ δὲ μεταφοραῖς, καὶ μηδὲν παραλιπεῖν, ἀλλὰ πᾶσι τοῖς εἴδεσι διαποικῖλαι τὴν ποίησιν·
For they can represent the gods as drawing near to humans, conversing and fighting alongside whomever they wish, and they can express these things not only in ordinary words, but partly in foreign words, partly in new words, and partly in metaphors, leaving nothing out, but diversifying their poetry with all these forms.
§10τοῖς δὲ περὶ τοὺς λόγους οὐδὲν ἔξεστι τῶν τοιούτων, ἀλλʼ ἀποτόμως καὶ τῶν ὀνομάτων τοῖς πολιτικοῖς μόνον καὶ τῶν ἐνθυμημάτων τοῖς περὶ αὐτὰς τὰς πράξεις ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι χρῆσθαι.
But to those who deal with prose, none of these things is permitted; rather, they are required strictly to use only everyday words and only arguments that concern the actual deeds.
πρὸς δὲ τούτοις οἱ μὲν μετὰ μέτρων καὶ ῥυθμῶν ἅπαντα ποιοῦσιν, οἱ δʼ οὐδενὸς τούτων κοινωνοῦσιν· ἃ τοσαύτην ἔχει χάριν, ὥστʼ ἂν καὶ τῇ λέξει καὶ τοῖς ἐνθυμήμασιν ἔχῃ κακῶς, ὅμως αὐταῖς ταῖς εὐρυθμίαις καὶ ταῖς συμμετρίαις ψυχαγωγοῦσι τοὺς ἀκούοντας.
Moreover, while poets compose everything with meter and rhythm, prose writers share in none of these; and yet these possess such charm that even if a speech is poorly constructed in its style and arguments, it nevertheless captivates the listeners by its very rhythms and symmetries.