Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Lives of the Ten Orators §9.1#2

Burial, Private Life, and Oratorical Style of Hyperides

Passage 15 of 19 · Greek

Summary

The passage accounts various rumors of Hyperides' death and burial, his outstanding talent in oratory, and his profligate private life including the defense of Phryne. It also details his relations with Demosthenes, his patriotic public acts such as during the Lamian War, and his straightforward, un-theatrical speech style.

§9.1#2οἱ δʼ ἐν Κλεωναῖς ἀποθανεῖν αὐτὸν λέγουσιν, ἀπαχθέντα μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων, ὅπου γλωττοτομηθῆναι καὶ διαφθαρῆναι ὃν προείρηται τρόπον· τοὺς δʼ οἰκείους τὰ ὀστᾶ λαβόντας· · ʼ θάψαι τε ἅμα τοῖς γονεῦσι πρὸ τῶν Ἱππάδων πυλῶν, ὥς φησιν Ἡλιόδωρος ἐν τῷ τρίτῳ περὶ μνημάτων.
Others, however, say that he died in Cleonae, having been led away with the others, where his tongue was cut out and he was destroyed in the aforesaid manner; and that his relatives, having obtained his bones, buried them along with his parents before the Hippades gates, as Heliodorus says in the third book 'On Tombs'.
νυνὶ δὲ κατερήρειπται τὸ μνῆμα καὶ ἔστιν ἄδηλον.
But now the monument is ruined and its location is unknown.
πάντων δὲ κατὰ τὴν δημηγορίαν διενεγκεῖν λέγεται· τέτακται δὲ ὑπʼ ἐνίων πρὸ Δημοσθένους.
He is said to have excelled everyone in public speaking; and he is placed by some before Demosthenes.
φέρονται δʼ αὐτοῦ λόγοι ἑβδομήκοντα ἑπτά, ὧν γνήσιοί εἰσι πεντήκοντα δύο.
Seventy-seven speeches of his are current, of which fifty-two are genuine.
ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ πρὸς τὰ ἀφροδίσια καταφερής, ὡς ἐκβαλεῖν μὲν τὸν υἱὸν εἰσαγαγεῖν δὲ Μυρρίνην τὴν πολυτελεστάτην ἑταίραν, ἐν Πειραιεῖ δʼ ἔχειν Ἀρισταγόραν, ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι δʼ ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις κτήμασι Φίλαν τὴν Θηβαίαν, εἴκοσι μνῶν λυτρωσάμενος. ἐποιεῖτό τε τὸν περίπατον ἐν τῇ ἰχθυοπώλιδι ὁσημέραι.
He was also prone to sexual pleasures, so that he cast out his son and brought in Myrrhine, the most expensive courtesan, and kept Aristagora in Peiraeus, and Phila the Theban in his own estate in Eleusis, having ransomed her for twenty minae. And he used to take his walk in the fish-market every day.
ὡς εἰκὸς δέ, καὶ δίκῃ Φρύνῃ τῇ ἑταίρᾳ ἀσεβεῖν κρινομένῃ συνεξητάσθη· αὐτὸς γὰρ τοῦτο ἐν ἀρχῇ τοῦ λόγου δηλοῖ· μελλούσης δʼ αὐτῆς ἁλίσκεσθαι, παραγαγὼν εἰς μέσον καὶ περιρρήξας τὴν ἐσθῆτα ἐπέδειξε τὰ στέρνα τῆς γυναικός· καὶ τῶν δικαστῶν εἰς τὸ κάλλος ἀπιδόντων, ἀφείθη.
As is likely, he also took part in the defense when the courtesan Phryne was prosecuted for impiety; for he himself makes this clear at the beginning of the speech; and when she was about to be convicted, having brought her into the midst and having torn off her robe, he displayed the breasts of the woman; and the judges having looked upon her beauty, she was acquitted.
συνετίθει δʼ ἡσυχῆ κατὰ τοῦ Δημοσθένους ἐγκλήματα, ὡς καὶ φωραθῆναι· νοσοῦντος γὰρ τοῦ Ὑπερείδου, ἥκοντα εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τὸν Δημοσθένη ὡς ἐπισκεψόμενον καταλαβεῖν κατέχοντα τὸ καθʼ αὑτοῦ βιβλίον· τούτου δʼ ἀγανακτοῦντος, εἶπε φίλον μὲν ὄντα οὐδὲν λυπήσει, ἐχθρὸν δὲ γενόμενον κωλύσει τι κατʼ ἐμοῦ πρᾶξαι ἐψηφίσατο δὲ καὶ τιμὰς Ἰόλᾳ τῷ δοκοῦντι Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τὸ φάρμακον δοῦναι.
He was quietly drawing up accusations against Demosthenes, so that he was even caught; for when Hyperides was ill, Demosthenes, having come to his house to visit him, found him holding the document written against himself; and when the latter was indignant, Hyperides said, 'While you are a friend, it will hurt you in no way; but if you become an enemy, it will prevent you from doing anything against me.' He also proposed by decree honors for Iolas, who was thought to have given the poison to Alexander.
ἐκοινώνησε δὲ καὶ Λεωσθένει τοῦ Λαμιακοῦ πολέμου, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς πεσοῦσιν εἶπε τὸν ἐπιτάφιον θαυμασίως Φιλίππου δὲ πλεῖν ἐπʼ Εὐβοίας παρεσκευασμένου καὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων εὐλαβῶς ἐχόντων, τεσσαράκοντα τριήρεις ἤθροισεν ἐξ ἐπιδόσεως καὶ πρῶτος ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ καὶ τοῦ παιδὸς ἐπέδωκε δύο τριήρεις.
And he also shared with Leosthenes in the Lamian War, and spoke the funeral oration over those who fell, in a wonderful manner. And when Philip had prepared to sail against Euboea and the Athenians were cautious, he collected forty triremes from voluntary contributions, and was the first to contribute two triremes, on behalf of himself and his son.
συστάντος δὲ πρὸς Δηλίους ἀμφισβητήματος, ποτέρους δεῖ προΐστασθαι τοῦ ἱεροῦ, αἱρεθέντος Αἰσχίνου συνειπεῖν, ἡ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου βουλὴ Ὑπερείδην ἐχειροτόνησεν καὶ ἔστιν ὁ λόγος Δηλιακὸς ἐπιγεγραμμένος, ἐπρέσβευσε δὲ καὶ πρὸς Ῥοδίους.
And when a dispute arose with the Delians as to which of the two parties ought to have the superintendence of the temple, and Aeschines had been chosen to advocate the case, the Council of Areopagus elected Hyperides; and the speech is entitled 'Deliacus'. And he also went on an embassy to the Rhodians.
ἡκόντων δὲ καὶ παρʼ Ἀντιπάτρου πρέσβεων, ἐπαινούντων τὸν Ἀντίπατρον ὡς χρηστόν, ἀπαντήσας· αὐτοῖς εἶπεν οἴδαμεν ὅτι χρηστὸς ὑπάρχει, ἀλλʼ ἡμεῖς γʼ οὐ δεόμεθα χρηστοῦ δεσπότου. λέγεται δʼ ἄνευ ὑποκρίσεως δημηγορῆσαι καὶ μόνον διηγεῖσθαι τὰ πραχθέντα καὶ τούτοις οὐκ ἐνοχλεῖν τοὺς δικαστάς.
And when ambassadors had also come from Antipater, praising Antipater as a good man, he met them and said, 'We know that he is a good man, but we, at least, do not need a good master.' And he is said to have delivered his public speeches without theatrical delivery and merely to have narrated the facts, and not to have troubled the judges with these things.
ἐπέμφθη δὲ καὶ πρὸς Ἠλείους ἀπολογησόμενος ὑπὲρ Καλλίππου τοῦ ἀθλητοῦ, ἔχοντος αἰτίαν φθεῖραι τὸν ἀγῶνα, καὶ ἐνίκησε.
He was also sent to the Eleans to speak in defense of Callippus the athlete, who was accused of corrupting the contest, and he won.
γραψάμενος δὲ καὶ τὴν Φωκίωνος δωρεάν, ἣν εἶπε Μειδίας Μειδίου Ἀναγυράσιος ἐπὶ Ξενίου ἄρχοντος, Γαμηλιῶνος ἑβδόμῃ φθίνοντος, ἡττήθη.
And having indicted the decree of honors to Phocion, which Meidias the son of Meidias of Anagyras had proposed in the archonship of Xenias, on the twenty-fourth day of Gamelion, he was defeated.

Notes

  1. 849cὅπου γλωττοτομηθῆναι — An infinitive used within a relative clause. It expresses indirect speech (hearsay) under the governance of the main verb `λέγουσιν` (they say).
  2. 849fἥκοντα εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν τὸν Δημοσθένη ὡς ἐπισκεψόμενον καταλαβεῖν κατέχοντα — A passage where the subject, object, and the reference of the participle are potentially ambiguous. Here, `τὸν Δημοσθένη` (Demosthenes, who had come to visit) is taken as the subject of the infinitive `καταλαβεῖν`, and the omitted `αὐτόν` (Hyperides) as the object, with `κατέχοντα` (holding) modifying the omitted object. This interpretation maintains the logical coherence with the preceding statement that Hyperides' secret drafting of accusations was "caught" (`φωραθῆναι`).
  3. 849fφίλον μὲν ὄντα — The participle `ὄντα` modifies the omitted second-person singular accusative pronoun `σε` (referring to Demosthenes), functioning here conditionally ("if you are a friend"). The subject of the following verb `λυπήσει` (will hurt) is the aforementioned document (`βιβλίον`).
  4. 850bἑβδόμῃ φθίνοντος — A formulaic expression of dates in the latter half (the waning period) of the Attic month. In a standard 30-day month, the calculation using `φθίνοντος` follows "30 - N + 1", meaning the "seventh day" corresponds to the 24th of the month.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Lives of the Ten Orators §9.1#2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg121.humanitext-grc2:9.1%232

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