§20ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ τὸ περὶ τοὺς ψόγους καὶ τὰς καταιτιάσεις γένος ἐπισφαλές ἐστι καὶ παρέχον ἐκτροπὰς τοῖς περὶ δόξαν νοσοῦσιν.
Moreover, the class of things concerning censures and accusations is also hazardous, and offers deviations to those who are sick with reputation.
ᾧ μάλιστα περιπίπτουσιν οἱ γέροντες, ὅταν εἰς τὸ νουθετεῖν ἑτέρους καὶ κακίζειν ἔθη φαῦλα καὶ πράξεις ἡμαρτημένας προαχθῶσι, μεγαλύνοντες αὑτοὺς ὡς περὶ ταὐτὰ θαυμασίους δή τινας γενομένους.
Into this elders especially fall, when they are led into admonishing others and blaming bad habits and erroneous actions, magnifying themselves as having become some wonderful persons in these very things.
τούτοις μὲν οὖν, ἂν μὴ μόνον ἔχωσιν ἡλικίαν ἀλλὰ καὶ δόξαν καὶ ἀρετήν, δοτέον· οὐ γὰρ ἀνωφελὲς, ἀλλὰ μέγα ζῆλον ἐμποιοῦν ἅμα καὶ φιλοτιμίαν τινὰ τοῖς οὕτω κολαζομένοις.
To these indeed, if they have not only age but also reputation and virtue, it must be granted; for it is not unhelpful, but instills at the same time great zeal and a certain emulation in those who are thus chastised.
οἱ δʼ ἄλλοι σφόδρα φυλάττεσθαι καὶ δεδιέναι τὴν ἐκτροπὴν ταύτην ὀφείλομεν.
But the rest of us ought to guard against and fear this deviation exceedingly.
ἀνιαροῦ γὰρ ὄντος ἄλλως καὶ μόλις ἀνεκτοῦ τοῦ τῶν πλησίον ἐλέγχου καὶ δεομένου πολλῆς εὐλαβείας, ὁ μιγνύων ἔπαινον ἴδιον ἀλλοτρίῳ ψόγῳ καὶ διʼ ἀδοξίας ἑτέρου δόξαν αὑτῷ θηρώμενος,ʼ ἐπαχθὴς παντάπασι καὶ φορτικὸς ἐστιν, ὡς ἐνευδοκιμεῖν ἀσχημονοῦσιν ἄλλοις βουλόμενος.
For since the censure of neighbors is otherwise painful and scarcely tolerable, and requires much caution, he who mixes his own praise with another's censure, and hunts for reputation for himself through another's disgrace, is altogether offensive and burdensome, as if wishing to gain reputation in others' unseemly behavior.
§21ἔτι τοίνυν τοῖς μὲν πρὸς τοὺς γέλωτας εὐκαταφόροις φύσει καὶ προχείροις μάλιστα φεύγειν προσήκει καὶ φυλάττεσθαι τοὺς γαργαλισμοὺς καὶ τὰς ψηλαφήσεις, ἐν αἷς τὰ λειότατα τοῦ σώματος ὀλισθάνοντα καὶ συρρέοντα κινεῖ καὶ συνεξορμᾷ τὸ πάθος· ὅσοι δὲ πρὸς δόξαν ἐμπαθέστερον ἐρρυήκασι, τούτοις ἄν τις οὐχ ἥκιστα παραινέσειεν ἀπέχεσθαι τοῦ σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἐπαινεῖν, ὅταν ὑπʼ ἄλλων ἐπαινῶνται.
Furthermore, for those who are by nature easily carried away toward laughter and ready for it, it is most fitting to flee from and guard against ticklings and touchings, in which the smoothest parts of the body slipping and flowing together move and stimulate the passion; but as many as have flowed more passionately toward reputation, one would not least advise these to abstain from praising themselves when they are praised by others.
δεῖ γὰρ ἐρυθριᾶν ἐπαινούμενον οὐκ ἀπερυθριᾶν, καὶ καταστέλλειν τοὺς μέγα τι περὶ αὑτῶν λέγοντας, οὐκ ἐλέγχειν ὡς ἐνδεέστερον ἐπαινοῦντας· ὅπερ οἱ πολλοὶ ποιοῦσιν, ὑπομιμνήσκοντες αὐτοὶ καὶ προσεμφοροῦντες ἄλλας τινὰς πράξεις καὶ ἀνδραγαθίας, ἄχρι ἂν τῷ περὶ αὑτῶν καὶ τὸν παρʼ ἑτέρων ἔπαινον διαφθείρωσιν.
For one ought to blush when praised, not to be shameless, and to restrain those who say great things about themselves, not to chide them as if they were praising too scantily; which is what the many do, reminding themselves and piling up other actions and brave deeds, until they destroy even the praise from others by that about themselves.
ἔνιοι μὲν οὖν κολακεύοντες αὐτοὺς ὥσπερ γαργαλίζουσι καὶ φυσῶσιν· ἔνιοι δὲ κακοήθως οἷόν τι δέλεαρ μικρὸν εὐλογίας ὑποβάλλοντες ἐκκαλοῦνται τὴν περιαυτολογίαν· οἱ δὲ προσπυνθάνονται καὶ διερωτῶσιν, ὡς παρὰ τῷ Μενάνδρῳ τὸν στρατιώτην, ἵνα γελάσωσι,
"πρὸς τεῖχος ἀναβαίνων.
Some, then, flattering them, as it were tickle and puff them up; and others, maliciously throwing under them some small bait of praise, call forth their self-praise; and others inquire and question them, like the soldier in Menander, in order to laugh, "ascending the wall.
ἐγὼ μὲν δεικνύω
ἐσπουδακώς, οἱ δὲ πάλιν ἐπεμυκτήρισαν. "
I show myself earnest, but they in turn sneered at me.
§22ἐν ἅπασιν οὖν τούτοις εὐλαβητέον ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα, μήτε συνεκπίπτοντα τοῖς ἐπαίνοις μήτε ταῖς ἐρωτήσεσιν ἑαυτὸν προϊέμενον.
"In all these things, therefore, one must be as careful as possible, neither falling in with praises nor abandoning oneself to questions.
ἐντελεστάτη δὲ τούτων εὐλάβεια καὶ φυλακὴ τὸ προσέχειν ἑτέροις ἑαυτοὺς ἐπαινοῦσι καὶ μνημονεύειν, ὡς ἀηδὲς τὸ πρᾶγμα καὶ λυπηρὸν ἅπασι, καὶ λόγος ἄλλος οὐδεὶς οὕτως ἐπαχθὴς οὐδὲ βαρύς, οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔχοντες εἰπεῖν ὅτι πάσχομεν ἄλλο κακὸν ὑπὸ τῶν αὑτοὺς ἐπαινούντων, ὥσπερ φύσει βαρυνόμενοι τὸ πρᾶγμα καὶ φεύγοντες ἀπαλλαγῆναι καὶ ἀναπνεῦσαι σπεύδομεν ὅπου καὶ κόλακι καὶ παρασίτῳ καὶ δεομένῳ δύσοιστον ἐν χρείᾳ καὶ δυσκαρτέρητον ἑαυτὸν ἐγκωμιάζων πλούσιός τις ἢ σατράπης ἢ βασιλεύς· καὶ
συμβολὰς ταύτας ἀποτίνειν μεγίστας
λέγουσιν, ὡς ὁ παρὰ Μενάνδρῳ
"
σφάττει με, λεπτὸς γίνομʼ εὐωχούμενος,
τὰ σκώμμαθʼ οἷα τὰ σοφὰ καὶ στρατηγικά,
οἷος δʼ ἀλαζών ἐστιν ἁλιτήριος.
And the most complete caution and guard against these is to pay attention to others when they praise themselves, and to remember how unpleasant and painful the thing is to all, and that no other talk is so offensive or heavy; for although we are unable to say that we suffer any other evil from those who praise themselves, yet as if naturally burdened by the thing, we hasten to escape, get rid of it, and take breath, where even to a flatterer, a parasite, and one in need, a rich man, satrap, or king who extols himself is hard to bear in time of need and difficult to endure; and they say they pay these as the greatest contributions, as the character in Menander says: "He kills me; I become thin while feasting, what witty and general-like jests, and what a cursed braggart he is!
"
ταῦτα γὰρ οὐ πρὸς στρατιώτας μόνον οὐδὲ νεοπλούτους εὐπάρυφα καὶ σοβαρὰ διηγήματα περαίνοντας, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς σοφιστὰς καὶ φιλοσόφους καὶ στρατηγοὺς ὀγκουμένους ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῖς καὶ μεγαληγοροῦντας, εἰωθότες πάσχειν καὶ λέγειν, ἂν μνημονεύωμεν, ὅτι τοῖς ἰδίοις ἐπαίνοις ἀλλότριος ἕπεται ψόγος ἀεὶ καὶ γίγνεται τέλος ἀδοξία τῆς κενοδοξίας ταύτης, καὶ τὸ λυπεῖν τοὺς ἀκούοντας, ὡς ὁ Δημοσθένης φησί, περίεστιν οὐ τὸ δοκεῖν εἶναι τοιούτους, ἀφεξόμεθα τοῦ λέγειν περὶ αὑτῶν, ἂν μή τινα μεγάλα μέλλωμεν ὠφελεῖν ἑαυτοὺς ἢ τοὺς ἀκούοντας.
"For we are accustomed to feel and say these things not only toward soldiers and the newly rich who relate fine-cloaked and haughty stories, but also toward sophists, philosophers, and generals who are puffed up with themselves and speak big, if we remember, that other's blame always follows one's own praises, and the end of this empty glory becomes disgrace, and that bringing grief to the hearers, as Demosthenes says, is what remains, not the seeming to be such persons; we shall abstain from speaking about ourselves, unless we are to benefit ourselves or the hearers in some great way.