§15καὶ μὴν ἐάνπερ ὁ δυσωπῶν ἔνδοξος καὶ δυνατὸς ʽ οἳ δὴ μάλιστα δυσπαραίτητοι καὶ δυσαπότριπτοι περὶ τὰς κρίσεις καὶ τὰς χειροτονίας ἐντυγχάνοντὲς εἰσιν̓, ὃ μὲν ἔπραξεν ὁ Κάτων νέος ὢν ἔτι πρὸς Κάτλον, οὐκ ἄν τινι φανείη ῥᾴδιον ἴσως οὐδʼ ἀναγκαῖον.
Moreover, if the person who makes us compliant is famous and powerful (who indeed are most difficult to excuse or shake off when they approach us concerning judgments and votes), what Cato did when he was still young towards Catulus would not perhaps seem easy to anyone, nor necessary.
ὁ γὰρ Κάτλος ἦν μὲν ἐν ἀξιώματι τῶν Ῥωμαίων μεγίστῳ καὶ τότε τὴν τιμητικὴν ἀρχὴν εἶχεν ἀνέβη δὲ πρὸς τὸν Κάτωνα τεταγμένον ἐπὶ τοῦ δημοσίου ταμιείου παραιτησόμενός τινα τῶν ἐζημιωμένων ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ, καὶ λιπαρὴς ἐγίγνετο ταῖς δεήσεσι προσβιαζόμενος· ἄχρι οὗ δυσανασχετήσας ἐκεῖνος
αἰσχρόν ἐστιν
ἔφη
Κάτλε, σὲ τὸν τιμητὴν ἀπαλλαγῆναι μὴ βουλόμενον ἐντεῦθεν ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν ὑπηρετῶν ἕλκεσθαι· καὶ ὁ Κάτλος αἰσχυνθείς, πρὸς ὀργὴν ἀπῆλθε.
For Catulus was in the highest dignity among the Romans and at that time held the censorship, and he went up to Cato, who was stationed at the public treasury, to beg off one of those who had been fined by him, and became persistent, pressing him with entreaties; until he, being vexed, said, "It is shameful, Catulus, that you, the censor, because you do not wish to depart from here, should be dragged out by my attendants." And Catulus, being ashamed, went away in anger.
σκόπει δὲ μὴ τὸ τοῦ Ἀγησιλάου καὶ τὸ τοῦ Θεμιστοκλέους ἐπιεικέστερόν ἐστι, καὶ μετριώτερον.
But consider whether the conduct of Agesilaus and that of Themistocles is more reasonable and moderate.
ὁ μὲν γὰρ Ἀγησίλαος ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς κελευόμενος κρῖναί τινα δίκην παρὰ τὸν νόμον,
ἀλλʼ ὑπὸ σοῦ· ἔφη
πάτερ, πείθεσθαι τοῖς νόμοις ἐδιδασκόμην ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς· διὸ καὶ νῦν σοι πείθομαι μηδὲν ποιεῖν παράνομον
ὁ δὲ Θεμιστοκλῆς πρὸς τὸν Σιμωνίδην ἀξιοῦντά τι τῶν μὴ δικαίων
οὔτʼ ἂν σὺ ποιητὴς ἀγαθὸς εἴης
ἔφη
παρὰ μέλος· ᾄδων, οὔτʼ ἂν ἐγὼ χρηστὸς ἄρχων παρὰ νόμον κρίνων. §16καίτοι οὐ διὰ τὴν τοῦ ποδὸς πρὸς τὴν λύραν ἀμετρίαν, ὡς Πλάτων ἔλεγε, καὶ πόλεις πόλεσι καὶ φίλοι φίλοις διαφερόμενοι τὰ κάκιστα δρῶσί τε καὶ πάσχουσιν ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν περὶ τὰ νόμιμα καὶ δίκαια πλημμέλειαν.
For Agesilaus, when ordered by his father to judge a certain case contrary to the law, said, "But by you, father, I was taught from the beginning to obey the laws; therefore, even now, in obeying you, I do nothing contrary to the law." And Themistocles, to Simonides who was asking for something unjust, said, "Neither would you be a good poet if you sang out of tune, nor would I be an honest ruler if I judged contrary to the law." And yet, it is not because of the disharmony of the foot with the lyre, as Plato said, that both cities with cities and friends with friends, differing, do and suffer the worst things, but because of the transgression concerning laws and justice.
ἀλλʼ ὅμως ἔνιοι τὴν ἐν μέλεσι καὶ γράμμασι καὶ μέτροις ἀκρίβειαν αὐτοὶ φυλάττοντες ἑτέρους ἐν ἀρχαῖς καὶ κρίσεσι καὶ πράξεσιν ἀξιοῦσιν ὀλιγωρεῖν τοῦ καλῶς ἔχοντος.
But nevertheless, some people, while themselves guarding accuracy in melodies, letters, and meters, expect others in offices, judgments, and actions to disregard what is right.
διὸ καὶ τούτῳ μάλιστα χρηστέον πρὸς αὐτούς.
Therefore, this too must especially be used against them.
ἐντυγχάνει σοι δικάζοντι ῥήτωρ ἢ βουλεύοντι δημαγωγός· ὁμολόγησον, ἐὰν ἐκεῖνος σολοικίσῃ προοιμιαζόμενος ἢ βαρβαρίσῃ διηγούμενος· οὐ γὰρ ἐθελήσει διὰ τὸ φαινόμενον αἰσχρόν· ἐνίους γοῦν ὁρῶμεν οὐδὲ φωνήεντι συγκροῦσαι φωνῆεν ἐν τῷ λέγειν ὑπομένοντας.
An orator approaches you when you are acting as judge, or a demagogue when you are in council; agree to do what they ask, if that man makes a solecism in his introduction, or a barbarism in his narrative; for he will not wish to do so because of the apparent shame; at any rate, we see some who do not even tolerate clashing a vowel with a vowel in speaking.
ἕτερον πάλιν δυσωποῦντα τῶν ἐπιφανῶν καὶ ἐνδόξων κέλευσον ὀρχούμενον διʼ ἀγορᾶς ἐξελθεῖν ἢ διαστρέψαντα τὸ πρόσωπον· ἐὰν δʼ ἀρνῆται, σός ἐστιν ὁ καιρὸς εἰπεῖν καὶ πυθέσθαι, τί αἴσχιόν ἐστι;
Again, order another of the eminent and famous who makes you compliant to walk through the market-place dancing, or distorting his face; and if he refuses, it is your opportunity to say and ask: "Which is more shameful?
τὸ σολοικίσαι καὶ διαστρέψαι τὸ πρόσωπον ἢ τὸ λῦσαι τὸν νόμον καὶ παραβῆναι τὸν ὅρκον καὶ πλέον νεῖμαι τῷ πονηρῷ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ παρὰ τὸ δίκαιον. ἔτι τοίνυν, ὥσπερ Νικόστρατος ὁ Ἀργεῖος, Ἀρχιδάμου παρακαλοῦντος αὐτὸν ἐπὶ χρήμασι πολλοῖς καὶ γάμῳ γυναικὸς ἧς βούλεται Λακαίνης προδοῦναι Κρῶμνον, οὐκ ἔφη γεγονέναι τὸν Ἀρχίδαμον ἀφʼ Ἡρακλέους ἐκεῖνον μὲν γὰρ ἀποκτιννύναι περιιόντα τοὺς πονηρούς, τοῦτον δὲ τοὺς χρηστοὺς ποιεῖν πονηρούς· οὕτω καὶ ἡμῖν πρὸς ἄνθρωπον ἀξιοῦντα καλὸν κἀγαθὸν λέγεσθαι ῥητέον, ἂν βιάζηται καὶ δυσωπῇ, μὴ πρέποντα ποιεῖν μηδʼ ἄξια τῆς περὶ αὐτὸν εὐγενείας τε καὶ ἀρετῆς.
To make a solecism and distort one's face, or to break the law, violate one's oath, and allot more to the wicked than to the good, contrary to justice?" Furthermore, just as Nicostratus the Argive, when Archidamus urged him with much money and marriage to any Spartan woman he wished, to betray Cromnus, said that Archidamus was not descended from Heracles —for that one went about killing the wicked, but this one made the good wicked— so we too must say to a man who claims to be called noble and good, if he forces and makes us compliant, that he is doing things neither fitting nor worthy of his nobility and virtue.
§17ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν φαύλων ὁρᾶν χρὴ καὶ διανοεῖσθαι, τὸν φιλάργυρον εἰ δυσωπήσεις ἄνευ συμβολαίου δανεῖσαι τάλαντον ἢ τὸν φιλότιμον ἐκστῆναι τῆς προεδρίας, ἢ τὸν φίλαρχον τῆς παραγγελίας ἐπίδοξον ὄντα κρατήσειν.
But in the case of base men, one must observe and consider whether you will make the lover of money compliant to lend a talent without a written contract, or the lover of honor to resign his front seat, or the lover of power to withdraw his candidacy when he is likely to win.
δεινὸν γὰρ ἂν ἀληθῶς φανείη τούτους μὲν ἐν νοσήμασι καὶ παθήμασιν ἀκάμπτους διαμένειν καὶ ἐχυροὺς καὶ δυσμεταθέτους, ἡμᾶς δὲ βουλομένους καὶ φάσκοντας εἶναι φιλοκάλους καὶ φιλοκάλους μὴ κρατεῖν ἑαυτῶν ἀλλʼ ἀνατρέπεσθαι καὶ προΐεσθαι τὴν ἀρετήν.
For indeed it would seem truly strange that while these men remain unbending and secure and unchangeable in their diseases and passions, we, who wish and claim to be lovers of beauty and lovers of beauty, do not master ourselves but are subverted and abandon virtue.
καὶ γάρ, εἰ μὲν οἱ δυσωποῦντες ἐπὶ δόξῃ καὶ δυνάμει τοῦτο ποιοῦσιν ἄτοπόν ἐστι κοσμοῦντας ἑτέρους καὶ αὔξοντας ἀσχημονεῖν αὐτοὺς καὶ κακῶς ἀκούειν· ὥσπερ οἱ παραβραβεύοντες ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι καὶ χαριζόμενοι περὶ τὰς χειροτονίας, ἐξ οὐ προσηκόντων ἀρχεῖα καὶ στεφάνους ἄλλοις διδόντες καὶ δόξαν, ἀφαιροῦνται τὸ ἔνδοξον αὑτῶν καὶ τὸ καλόν· εἰ δὲ χρημάτων ἕνεκα προσκείμενον ὁρῶμεν τὸν δυσωποῦντα, πῶς οὐ παρίσταται δεινὸν εἶναι τὸ τῆς ἰδίας δόξης καὶ ἀρετῆς ἀφειδεῖν, ἵνα τὸ τοῦ δεῖνος βαλλάντιον βαρύτερον γένηται;
For indeed, if those who make us compliant do this for the sake of glory and power, it is absurd that while honoring and promoting others, they themselves behave disgracefully and are ill spoken of; just like those who judge unfairly in games and show favor in elections, who, by giving offices and crowns and glory to others from whom it is not fitting, strip away their own reputation and beauty; but if we see the one who makes us compliant intent on money, how does it not appear shameful to be unsparing of one's own reputation and virtue, so that the purse of so-and-so may become heavier?
καίτοι παρίσταταί γε τοῖς πολλοῖς τὰ τοιαῦτα καὶ οὐ λανθάνουσιν ἑαυτοὺς ἐξαμαρτάνοντες· ὥσπερ οἱ τὰς μεγάλας κύλικας ἐκπιεῖν ἀναγκαζόμενοι, μόλις καὶ στένοντες καὶ τὰ πρόσωπα διαστρέφοντες ἐκτελοῦσι τὸ προσταττόμενον.
And yet such things do occur to most people, and they are not unaware of themselves committing errors; just like those who are forced to drink large cups, they carry out what is ordered with difficulty, groaning and distorting their faces.