§13ΦΟΥΝΔ.>καὶ μὴν τάς γε συνεχεῖς καὶ πυκνὰς καὶ κατὰ μικρὸν ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ συλλεγομένας ὀργὰς μάλιστα φιλαυτία καὶ δυσκολία μετὰ τρυφῆς, καὶ μαλακίας οἷον σμῆνος ἢ σφηκιὰν ἡμῖν ἐντίκτουσι.
FUNDANUS. And indeed, self-love and moroseness combined with luxury and effeminacy especially breed in us those continuous and frequent angers that gather little by little in the soul, like a swarm of bees or a wasps' nest.
διὸ μεῖζον οὐδὲν εὐκολίας καὶ ἀφελείας ἐφόδιον εἰς πραότητα πρὸς οἰκέτας καὶ γυναῖκα καὶ φίλους τῷ δυναμένῳ συμφέρεσθαι τοῖς παροῦσι καὶ μὴ δεομένῳ πολλῶν καὶ περιττῶν
"
ὁ δʼ οὔτʼ ἄγαν ὀπτοῖσιν οὔθʼ ἑφθοῖς ἄγαν,
οὔθʼ ἧττον οὔτε μᾶλλον οὔτε διὰ μέσου
ἠρτυμένοισι χαίρων ὥστʼ ἐπαινέσαι
"
χιόνος δὲ μὴ παρούσης οὐκ ἂν πιὼν, οὐδʼ ἄρτον ἐξ ἀγορᾶς φαγὼν οὐδʼ ὄψου γευσάμενος ἐν λιτοῖς ἢ κεραμεοῖς σκεύεσιν, οὐδὲ κοιμηθεὶς ἐπὶ στρωμνῆς μὴ οἰδούσης μηδʼ ὥσπερ θαλάττης διὰ βάθους κεκινημένης, ῥάβδοις δὲ καὶ πληγαῖς τοὺς περὶ τράπεζαν ὑπηρέτας ἐπιταχύνων μετὰ δρόμου καὶ βοῆς καὶ ἱδρῶτος, ὥσπερ φλεγμοναῖς καταπλάσματα κομίζοντας, ἀσθενεῖ καὶ φιλαιτίῳ καὶ μεμψιμοίρῳ δουλεύων διαίτῃ, καθάπερ ὑπὸ βηχὸς ἐνδελεχοῦς προσκρουμάτων πολλῶν ἔλαθεν ἑλκώδη καὶ καταρροϊκὴν διάθεσιν περὶ τὸ θυμοειδὲς ἀπεργασάμενος.
Therefore, for one who is able to get along with what is at hand and does not require many and superfluous things, there is no greater provision for gentleness towards servants, wife, and friends than good-naturedness and simplicity "He who rejoices not so as to praise either in things too much roasted or too much boiled, nor less nor more, nor seasoned in between "whereas he who would not drink unless snow were present, nor eat bread bought from the market, nor taste any relish served in simple or earthenware vessels, nor sleep on a bed unless it were swelling up and heaving like the sea in its depths, and who hastens the servants around the table with rods and blows, with running and shouting and sweating, as if they were bringing poultices to inflammations, being a slave to a weak, fault-finding, and grumbling way of life, has, as if by an incessant cough, through many irritations, unconsciously produced an ulcerous and catarrhal disposition around his passionate temper.
ἐθιστέον οὖν τὸ σῶμα διʼ εὐτελείας πρὸς εὐκολίαν αὔταρκες ἑαυτῷ γιγνόμενον· οἱ γὰρ ὀλίγων δεόμενοι πολλῶν οὐκ ἀποτυγχάνουσι.
Therefore we must accustom the body by simplicity to easy satisfaction, becoming self-sufficient for itself; for those who need few things do not fail of many things.
καὶ δεινὸν οὐδὲν ἀρξαμένους ἀπὸ τῆς τροφῆς σιωπῇ χρήσασθαι τοῖς παρατυγχάνουσι, καὶ μὴ πολλὰ χολουμένους καὶ δυσκολαίνοντας ἀτερπέστατον ὄψον ἐμβαλεῖν ἑαυτοῖς καὶ φίλοις τὴν ὀργήν· "δόρπου δʼ οὐκ ἄν πως ἀχαρίστερον ἄλλο γένοιτο· "
διὰ πρόσκαυσιν ἢ καπνὸν ἢ ἁλῶν ἔνδειαν ἢ ψυχρότερον ἄρτον οἰκετῶν τυπτομένων καὶ λοιδορουμένης γυναικός.
And it is no terrible thing, beginning with our food, to enjoy in silence whatever happens to be at hand, and not, by being very angry and fretful, to throw in for ourselves and our friends that most unpleasant of side-dishes, anger; "For nothing could be more unpleasant for a supper," when servants are beaten and a wife is scolded because of a little burning, or smoke, or lack of salt, or a rather cold loaf of bread.
Ἀρκεσιλάου δὲ μετὰ ξένων τινῶν ἑστιῶντος· τοὺς φίλους παρετέθη τὸ δεῖπνον, ἄρτοι δʼ οὐκ ἦσαν ἀμελησάντων πρίασθαι τῶν παίδων.
When Arcesilaus was entertaining his friends along with some strangers, the dinner was served, but there was no bread because the servants had neglected to buy any.
ἐφʼ ᾧ τίς οὐκ ἂν ἡμῶν διέστησε τοὺς τοίχους κεκραγώς;
At this, who of us would not have split the walls with shouting?
ὁ δὲ μειδιάσας
οἷόν ἐστιν
ἔφη
τὸ συμποτικὸν εἶναι τὸν σοφόν
τοῦ δὲ Σωκράτους ἐκ παλαίστρας παραλαβόντος. τὸν Εὐθύδημον, ἡ Ξανθίππη μετʼ ὀργῆς ἐπιστᾶσα καὶ λοιδορηθεῖσα τέλος ἀνέτρεψε τὴν τράπεζαν, ὁ δʼ Εὐθύδημος ἐξαναστὰς ἀπῄει περίλυπος γενόμενος·
But he, smiling, said: "What a thing it is for the wise man to be fit for a banquet!" And when Socrates brought Euthydemus home from the palaestra, Xanthippe came in with anger, and after scolding, finally overturned the table.
καὶ ὁ Σωκράτης
παρὰ σοὶ δʼ
εἶπεν
οὐ πρῴην ὄρνις τις εἰσπτᾶσα ταὐτὸ τοῦτʼ ἐποίησεν, ἡμεῖς δʼ οὐκ ἠγανακτήσαμεν; δεῖ γὰρ σὺν εὐκολίᾳ καὶ γέλωτι καὶ φιλοφροσύνῃ τοὺς φίλους δέχεσθαι, μὴ τὰς ὀφρῦς συνάγοντας μηδὲ φρίκην καὶ τρόμον ἐμβάλλοντας τοῖς ὑπηρετοῦσιν.
Euthydemus, rising up, was going away very grieved; but Socrates said: "But did not a hen fly into your house the other day and do this very same thing, and yet we were not angry?" For we ought to receive our friends with good humor, laughter, and friendliness, not knitting our brows nor infusing shuddering and trembling into those who serve.
ἐθιστέον δὲ καὶ σκεύεσιν εὐκόλως ὁμιλεῖν ἅπασι καὶ μὴ τῷδε μᾶλλον ἢ τῷδε χρῆσθαι· καθάπερ ἔνιοι πολλῶν παρόντων ἓν ἐξελόμενοι κανθάριον, ὡς Μάριον ἱστοροῦσιν, ἢ ῥυτὸν οὐκ ἂν ἑτέρῳ πίοιεν.
We must also accustom ourselves to deal easily with all vessels, and not to use this one rather than that; as some people, when many are present, select one drinking cup, as they relate of Marius, or a rhyton, and would not drink from any other.
οὕτω δὲ καὶ πρὸς ληκύθους ἔχουσιν καὶ πρὸς στλεγγίδας, ἀγαπῶντες ἐκ πασῶν μίαν· εἶθʼ ὅταν συντριβῇ τι τούτων ἢ ἀπόληται, βαρέως φέρουσι καὶ κολάζουσι.
And they are the same way towards oil-flasks and strigils, loving one out of them all; and then, when any of these is broken or lost, they take it hard and punish [the servants].
ἀφεκτέον οὖν τῷ πρὸς ὀργὴν φαύλως ἔχοντι τῶν σπανίων καὶ περιττῶν, οἷον ἐκπωμάτων καὶ σφραγίδων καὶ λίθων πολυτελῶν· ἐξίστησι γὰρ ἀπολλύμενα μᾶλλον τῶν εὐπορίστων καὶ συνήθων.
Therefore, one who is prone to anger must abstain from rare and superfluous things, such as drinking cups, signet rings, and costly stones; for when lost, they drive one out of his mind more than those that are easily procured and common.
διὸ καὶ τοῦ Νέρωνος ὀκτάγωνόν τινα σκηνὴν ὑπερφυὲς κάλλει καὶ πολυτελείᾳ θέαμα κατασκευάσαντος,
ἤλεγξας
ἔφη ὁ Σενέκας
πένητα σεαυτόν· ἐὰν γὰρ ταύτην ἀπολέσῃς, ἑτέραν οὐ κτήσῃ τοιαύτην
καὶ μέντοι καὶ συνέπεσε τοῦ πλοίου καταδύντος ἀπολέσθαι τὴν σκηνήν· ὁ δὲ Νέρων ἀναμνησθεὶς τοῦ Σενέκα μετριώτερον ἤνεγκεν.
And so, when Nero had constructed an octagonal tent, a wonderful spectacle for beauty and costliness, Seneca said: "You have proved yourself a poor man; for if you lose this, you will not get another such." And indeed, it so happened that the tent was lost when the ship sank; but Nero, remembering Seneca, bore it more moderately.
, ἡ δὲ πρὸς; τὰ πράγματʼ εὐκολία καὶ πρὸς οἰκέτας εὔκολον ποιεῖ καὶ πρᾶον· εἰ δὲ πρὸς οἰκέτας, δῆλον ὅτι καὶ πρὸς φίλους καὶ πρὸς ἀρχομένους.
And this easy satisfaction towards things makes one easy and gentle towards servants; and if towards servants, it is clear that also towards friends and subjects.
ὁρῶμεν δὲ καὶ δούλους νεωνήτους περὶ τοῦ πριαμένου πυνθανομένους, οὐκ εἰ δεισιδαίμων οὐδʼ εἰ φθονερὸς ἀλλʼ εἰ θυμώδης καὶ ὅλως σὺν ὀργῇ μηδὲ σωφροσύνην ἄνδρας γυναικῶν μηδʼ ἔρωτα γυναῖκας ἀνδρῶν ὑπομένειν δυναμένας μηδὲ συνήθειαν ἀλλήλων φίλους.
And we see even newly-bought slaves inquiring about the purchaser, not whether he is superstitious or envious, but whether he is quick-tempered; and, in short, that with anger, husbands cannot bear the temperance of their wives, nor wives the love of their husbands, nor friends each other's intimacy.
οὕτως οὔτε γάμος οὔτε φιλία μετʼ ὀργῆς ἀνεκτόν, ἀλλὰ χωρὶς ὀργῆς καὶ μέθη κοῦφόν ἐστιν· ὁ γὰρ τοῦ θεοῦ νάρθηξ ἱκανὸς κολαστὴς τοῦ μεθύοντος, ἂν μὴ προσγενόμενος ὁ θυμὸς ὠμηστὴν καὶ μαινόλην ἀντὶ λυαίου καὶ χορείου ποιήσῃ τὸν ἄκρατον.
Thus, neither marriage nor friendship is tolerable with anger, but without anger even drunkenness is light; for the god's wand is a sufficient chastiser of the drunken man, unless anger, supervening, makes the unmixed wine fierce and frantic instead of relaxing and dance-inspiring.
καὶ τὴν μανίαν αὐτὴν καθʼ αὑτὴν ἡ Ἀντίκυρα θεραπεύει, μιχθεῖσα δʼ ὀργῇ τραγῳδίας ποιεῖ καὶ μύθους.
And madness itself, on its own, Anticyra cures; but when mixed with anger, it produces tragedies and myths.