§14ΦΟΥΝΔ.δεῖ δὲ μήτε παίζοντας αὐτῇ διδόναι τόπον, ἔχθραν γὰρ ἐπάγει τῇ φιλοφροσύνῃ· μήτε κοινολογουμένους, φιλονεικίαν γὰρ ἐκ φιλολογίας ἀπεργάζεται· μήτε δικάζοντας, ὕβριν γὰρ τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ προστίθησι· μήτε παιδεύοντας, ἀθυμίαν γὰρ ἐμποιεῖ καὶ μισολογίαν μήτʼ εὐτυχοῦντας, αὔξει γὰρ τὸν φθόνον· μήτε δυστυχοῦντας, ἀφαιρεῖ γὰρ τὸν ἔλεον, ὅταν δυσκολαίνωσι καὶ μάχωνται τοῖς συναχθομένοις· ὡς ὁ Πρίαμος
"
ἔρρετε, λωβητῆρες, ἐλεγχέες·
FUNDANUS. And we must not give place to it even when playing, for it brings enmity into friendliness; nor when conversing, for it produces contention out of love of learning; nor when judging, for it adds insolence to authority; nor when instructing, for it engenders dejection and hatred of learning; nor when being prosperous, for it increases envy; nor when being unfortunate, for it removes pity, when men are fretful and fight with those who condole with them, as Priam did: "Begone, you wretches, you shameful ones!
οὔ νυ καὶ ὑμῖν
ἔστι γόος, ὅτι μʼ ἤλθετε κηδήσοντες;
Is there not also for you mourning at home, that you have come to vex me?
"
ἡ δʼ εὐκολία τοῖς μὲν βοηθεῖ τὰ δʼ ἐπικοσμεῖ τὰ δὲ συνηδύνει, περιγίγνεται δὲ τῇ πραότητι καὶ θυμοῦ καὶ δυσκολίας ἁπάσης· ὥσπερ Εὐκλείδης, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐκ διαφορᾶς εἰπόντος
ἀπολοίμην, εἰ μή σε τιμωρησαίμην· ἐγὼ δέ
φήσας
ἀπολοίμην, εἰ μή σε πείσαιμι
διέτρεψε παραχρῆμα καὶ μετέθηκε.
"But easy satisfaction helps some things, adorns others, and sweetens others, and overcomes both anger and all moroseness through gentleness; as Euclid did, when his brother said to him out of a quarrel: "May I perish if I do not take vengeance on you!" "And I," he said, "may I perish if I do not persuade you," and immediately turned him aside and changed his mind.
πολέμων δέ, λοιδοροῦντος αὐτὸν ἀνθρώπου φιλολίθου καὶ περὶ σφραγίδια πολυτελῆ νοσοῦντος, ἀπεκρίνατο μὲν οὐδὲν τῶν σφραγιδίων δʼ ἑνὶ προσεῖχε τὸν νοῦν καὶ κατεμάνθανεν·
And Polemon, when a man who loved gems and was sick with a passion for costly seals was abusing him, answered nothing, but fixed his mind on one of the seals and closely examined it.
ἡσθεὶς οὖν ὁ ἄνθρωπος
μὴ οὕτως
εἶπεν
ὦ Πολέμων, ἀλλʼ ὑπʼ αὐγὰς θεῶ, καὶ πολύ σοι βέλτιον φανεῖται
ὁ δʼ Ἀρίστιππος, ὀργῆς αὐτῷ πρὸς Αἰσχίνην γενομένης καί τινος εἰπόντος
ὦ Ἀρίστιππε, ποῦ ὑμῶν ἡ φιλία; καθεύδει
φησὶν
ἐγὼ δʼ αὐτὴν ἐγερῶ· καὶ τῷ Αἰσχίνῃ προσελθὼν εἶπεν
οὕτω σοι δοκῶ παντάπασιν ἀτυχής τις εἶναι καὶ ἀνήκεστος, ὥστε μὴ νουθεσίας τυχεῖν; ὁ δʼ Αἰσχίνης
οὐδέν
ἔφη
θαυμαστόν, εἰ πρὸς πάντα μου τῇ φύσει διαφέρων κἀνταῦθα τὸ δέον πρότερος συνεῖδες. "
καὶ γὰρ κάπρον φριξαύχενʼ οὐ μόνον γυνή,
παῖς δʼ ἂν νεογνὸς χειρὶ προσκνήθων νέᾳ
κλίναι παλαιστοῦ παντὸς εὐμαρέστερον.
The man, being pleased, said: "Not so, Polemon, but look at it under the light, and it will appear much better to you." And Aristippus, when anger arose between him and Aeschines, and someone said: "Aristippus, where is your friendship?" "It is asleep," he said, "but I will wake it up." And going to Aeschines, he said: "Do I seem to you to be altogether an unfortunate and incurable person, so as not to deserve admonition?" And Aeschines said: "Nothing is wonderful, if you, differing from me in nature in everything, also saw what was necessary here before me." "For even a wild boar with bristling neck not only a woman, but a newborn child scratching with a young hand, would bend more easily than any wrestler.
"
ἀλλʼ ἡμεῖς ἀγριαίνοντα τιθασεύομεν ζῷα καὶ πραΰνομεν, λυκιδεῖς καὶ σκύμνους λεόντων ἐν ταῖς ἀγκάλαις περιφέροντες, εἶτα τέκνα καὶ φίλους καὶ συνήθεις ἐκβάλλομεν ὑπʼ ὀργῆς· οἰκέταις δὲ καὶ πολίταις τὸν θυμὸν ὥσπερ θηρίον ἐφίεμεν οὐ καλῶς ὑποκοριζόμενοι μισοπονηρίαν, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ, οἶμαι, τῶν ἄλλων παθῶν τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ νοσημάτων τὸ μὲν πρόνοιαν τὸ δʼ ἐλευθεριότητα τὸ δʼ εὐσέβειαν καλοῦντες οὐδενὸς ἀπαλλαγῆναι δυνάμεθα.
"But we tame and pacify wild beasts that grow savage, carrying wolf cubs and young lions in our arms, yet we cast out children and friends and companions in our anger; and we let loose our rage like a beast upon servants and citizens, not beautifully calling it "hatred of wickedness", but just as, I think, with the other passions and diseases of the soul, calling one "foresight", another "liberality", and another "piety", we are unable to rid ourselves of any of them.
§15ΦΟΥΝΔ.καίτοι, καθάπερ ὁ Ζήνων ἔλεγε τὸ σπέρμα σύμμιγμα καὶ κέρασμα τῶν τῆς ψυχῆς δυνάμεων ὑπάρχειν ἀπεσπασμένον, οὕτως ἔοικε τῶν παθῶν πανσπερμία τις ὁ θυμὸς εἶναι· καὶ γὰρ λύπης ἀπέσπασται καὶ ἡδονῆς καὶ ὕβρεως· καὶ φθόνου μὲν ἔχει τὴν ἐπιχαιρεκακίαν, φθόνου δὲ καὶ χείρων ἐστίν· ἀγωνίζεται γὰρ οὐχὶ μὴ παθεῖν αὐτὸς ἀλλὰ παθεῖν κακῶς ἐπιτρίψας ἕτερον· ἐπιθυμίας δʼ αὐτῷ τὸ ἀτερπέστατον ἐμπέφυκεν, εἴ γε δὴ τοῦ λυπεῖν ἕτερον ὄρεξίς ἐστι.
FUNDANUS. And yet, just as Zeno used to say that the seed is a mixture and blend of the powers of the soul drawn away, so anger seems to be a kind of all-seed mixture of the passions; for indeed it is drawn from pain, pleasure, and insolence; and it has the malice of envy, and is even worse than envy; for it struggles not that it may not suffer itself, but that it may make another suffer poorly by crushing him; and the most unpleasant part of desire is implanted in it, if indeed it is a longing to pain another.
διὸ τῶν μὲν ἀσώτων ταῖς οἰκίαις προσιόντες αὐλητρίδος ἀκούομεν ἑωθινῆς, καὶ
πηλόν
ὣς τις εἶπεν
οἴνου καὶ σπαράγματα στεφάνων
καὶ κραιπαλῶντας ὁρῶμεν ἐπὶ θύραις ἀκολούθους· τὰ δὲ τῶν πικρῶν ἐκκαλύμματα καὶ δυσκόλων ἐν τοῖς προσώποις τῶν οἰκετῶν ὄψει καὶ τοῖς στίγμασι καὶ ταῖς πέδαις· "ἀεὶ δʼ ἀοιδῶν μοῦνος ἐν στέγαις"
ὀργίλου ἀνδρός
"κωκυτὸς ἐμπέπτωκε,"
μαστιγουμένων ἔνδον οἰκονόμων καὶ στρεβλουμένων θεραπαινίδων, ὥστε τοῦ θυμοῦ τὰς λύπας ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ταῖς ἡδοναῖς οἰκτίρειν ὁρῶντας.
Therefore, when approaching the houses of the prodigal, we hear a morning flute-player, and, as someone said, "mud of wine and fragments of crowns," and we see drunken attendants at the doors; but the disclosures of the bitter and fretful you will see in the faces of the servants, in their brands and in their fetters; "And always, instead of singers, in the house of an angry man, "" wailing has fallen, "while stewards are beaten within and handmaids are tortured, so that those who see the pains of anger pity those in desires and pleasures.