§8Φίλιππος Μεθώνην καὶ Ὄλυνθον βουλόμενος πορθῆσαι καὶ βιαζόμενος ἐπὶ τῷ Σανδάνῳ ποταμῷ διαβῆναι πέραν, ὑπό τινος τῶν Ὀλυνθίων Ἀστέρος ὀνόματι ἐτοξεύθη τὸν ὀφθαλμόν εἰπόντος,
"ἀστὴρ Φιλίππῳ θανάσιμον πέμπει βέλος· "
ὁ δʼ ὀπίσω διανηξάμενος πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους σῴζεται ἀπολέσας τὸν ὀφθαλμόν· ὡς Καλλισθένης ἐν τρίτῳ Μακεδονικῶν.
Philip, wishing to destroy Methone and Olynthus, and forcing his way to cross over the river Sandanus, was shot in the eye by one of the Olynthians named Aster, who said: "Aster sends a deadly shaft to Philip." But having swum back to his own people, he saved himself, though he lost his eye; as Callisthenes relates in the third book of the Macedonian History.
Πορσίνας Τούσκων βασιλεὺς πέραν Θύμβρεως ποταμοῦ στρατεύσας ἐπολέμησε Ῥωμαίοις, καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ σιτίων φερομένην εὐθηνίαν μέσην λαβὼν λιμῷ τοὺς προειρημένους ἔτρυχεν.
Porsina, the king of the Tuscans, having marched beyond the river Thymbris, made war against the Romans, and by intercepting the supply of provisions in transit, wore out the aforementioned people with famine.
Ὁράτιος δὲ Κόκλης στρατηγὸς χειροτονηθεὶς τὴν ξυλίνην κατελάβετο γέφυραν καὶ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν βαρβάρων διαβῆναι βουλόμενον ἐπεῖχε.
But Horatius Cocles, having been elected general, occupied the wooden bridge and held back the multitude of the barbarians who wished to cross over.
πλεονεκτούμενος δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων προσέταξε τοῖς ὑποτεταγμένοις κόπτειν τὴν γέφυραν, καὶ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν βαρβάρων διαβῆναι βουλόμενον ἐκώλυσε.
Being hard pressed by the enemy, he ordered his subordinates to cut down the bridge, and prevented the multitude of the barbarians who wished to cross over.
βέλει δὲ τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν πληγεὶς ῥίψας ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὸν ποταμὸν, διενήξατο εἰς τοὺς οἰκείους· ὡς Θεότιμος ἐν δευτέρῳ Ἰταλικῶν.
And having been struck in the eye by a missile, he threw himself into the river and swum across to his own people; as Theotimus relates in the second book of the Italian History.
§9ο περὶ τοῦ Ἰκαρίου μῦθος, ᾧ Διόνυσος ἐπεξενώθη· Ἐρατοσθένης ἐν τῇ Ἠριγόνῃ.
The myth concerning Icarius, whom Dionysus hosted; Eratosthenes relates this in his Erigone.
Κρόνος ἐπιξενωθεὶς γεωργῷ, ᾧ ἦν θυγάτηρ καλὴ Ἐντωρία, ταύτην ἐβιάσατο καὶ ἐτέκνωσεν υἱοὺς Ἰανὸν Ὕμνον Φαῦστον Φήλικα.
Cronus, having been hosted by a farmer who had a beautiful daughter named Entoria, violated her and begat sons, Janus, Hymnus, Faustus, and Felix.
διδάξας οὖν τὸν τρόπον τῆς τοῦ οἴνου πόσεως καὶ τῆς ἀμπέλου ἠξίωσε καὶ τοῖς γείτοσι μεταδοῦναι.
He taught them the manner of drinking wine and the cultivation of the vine, and requested them to share it also with their neighbors.
ποιήσαντος δʼ αὐτὸ καὶ πιόντες παρὰ τὸ σύνηθες εἰς ὕπνον κατηνέχθησαν βαρύτερον τοῦ δέοντος·
When the farmer did so, and they drank beyond their custom, they fell into a sleep heavier than was proper.
οἱ δὲ πεφαρμακῶσθαι δόξαντες, λίθοις βάλλοντες τὸν Ἰκάριον ἀπέκτειναν· οἱ δὲ θυγατρίδαι ἀθυμήσαντες βρόχῳ τὸν βίον κατέστρεψαν.
Believing that they had been poisoned, they killed Icarius by throwing stones at him; and his grandsons, being despondent, ended their lives with a halter.
λοιμοῦ δὲ κατασχόντος Ῥωμαίους, ἔχρησεν ὁ Πύθιος λωφήσειν, ἐξιλάσωνται τοῦ Κρόνου τὴν μῆνιν καὶ τοὺς δαίμονας τῶν ἀνόμως ἀπολομένων.
When a plague fell upon the Romans, the Pythian oracle declared that it would cease if they should propitiate the wrath of Cronus and the spirits of those who had been unlawfully slain.
Λουτάτιος δὲ Κάτλος, ἀνὴρ τῶν ἐπισήμων, κατεσκεύασε τῷ θεῷ τέμενος τὸ κείμενον σύνεγγυς τοῦ Ταρπηίου ὄρους, καὶ τὸν ἄνω βωμὸν ἱδρύσατο τετραπρόσωπον ἢ διὰ τοὺς θυγατρίδας ἢ ὅτι τετραμερὴς ὁ ἐνιαυτός ἐστι, καὶ μῆνα κατέδειξεν Ἰανουάριον.
Lutatius Catulus, a man of distinction, constructed for the god a precinct situated near the Tarpeian rock, and built the upper altar with four faces, either because of the grandsons or because the year has four parts, and designated the month as January.
ὁ δὲ Κρόνος πάντας κατηστέρισεν.
Cronus placed them all among the stars.
καὶ οἱ μὲν καλοῦνται Ἰανουάριον, ὁ δʼ Ἰανὸς προανατέλλων· δείκνυται δʼ ὁ ἀστὴρ πρὸ τῶν ποδῶν τῆς παρθένου· ὡς Κριτόλαος ἐν τετάρτῃ Φαινομένων.
And they indeed are called January, and Janus rises before the others; and the star is shown before the feet of Virgo; as Critolaus relates in the fourth book of the Phaenomena.
§10Περσῶν τὴν Ἑλλάδα λεηλατούντων Παυσανίας ὁ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων στρατηγὸς πεντακόσια χρυσοῦ τάλαντα παρὰ Ξέρξου λαβὼν ἔμελλε προδιδόναι τὴν Σπάρτην.
When the Persians were plundering Greece, Pausanias, the general of the Lacedaemonians, having received five hundred talents of gold from Xerxes, was about to betray Sparta.
φωραθέντος δὲ τούτου, Ἀγησίλαος ὁ πατὴρ μέχρι τοῦ ναοῦ τῆς Χαλκιοίκου συνεδίωξεν Ἀθηνᾶς, καὶ τὰς θύρας τοῦ τεμένους πλίνθῳ φράξας λιμῷ ἀπέκτεινεν· ἡ δὲ μήτηρ καὶ ἄταφον ἔρριψεν· ὡς Χρύσερμος ἐν δευτέρῳ Ἱστορικῶν.
But when this was detected, his father Agesilaus pursued him as far as the temple of Athena of the Bronze House, and having blocked the doors of the precinct with bricks, starved him to death; and his mother even cast him out unburied; as Chrysermus relates in the second book of the Histories.
Ῥωμαῖοι πρὸς Λατίνους πολεμοῦντες ἐχειροτόνησαν στρατηγὸν Πόπλιον Δέκιον·
The Romans, making war against the Latins, elected Publius Decius as general.
νεανίσκος δέ τις τῶν ἐπισήμων πένης τοὔνομα Κάσσιος Βροῦτος ἐπὶ ῥητῷ μισθῷ νυκτὸς τὰς πύλας ἀνοῖξαι ἐβουλήθη.
A certain young man of distinction but poor, Cassius Brutus by name, wished to open the gates by night for a specified reward.
φωραθεὶς δὲ εἰς ναὸν ἔφυγεν Ἀθηνᾶς Αὐξιλιαρίας.
But having been detected, he fled into the temple of Athena Auxiliaria.
Κάσσιος δὲ Σίγνιφερ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ κατέκλεισε καὶ λιμῷ διέφθειρε καὶ ἄταφον ἔρριψεν· ὡς Κλειτώνυμος ἐν Ἰταλικῶν.
His father, Cassius Signifer, shut him in, destroyed him by starvation, and cast him out unburied; as Cleitonymus relates in the Italian History.
§11Δαρεῖος ὁ Πέρσης ἐπὶ Γρανικῷ πολεμήσας Ἀλεξάνδρῳ καὶ ἑπτὰ σατράπας ἀποβαλὼν καὶ ἅρματα δρεπανηφόρα δύο καὶ πεντακόσια, συμβαλεῖν ἔμελλε τῇ ἑξῆς.
Darius the Persian, having fought against Alexander at the Granicus and having lost seven satraps and five hundred and two scythed chariots, was about to join battle on the following day.
Ἀριοβαρζάνης δὲ ὁ υἱὸς συμπαθῶς διακείμενος πρὸς Ἀλέξανδρον ὑπισχνεῖτο τὸν πατέρα προδώσειν.
But his son Ariobarzanes, being sympathetically disposed toward Alexander, promised to betray his father.
ἀγανακτήσας δὲ ὁ πατὴρ ἐτραχηλοκόπησεν ὡς Ἀρητάδης Κνίδιος ἐν τρίτῳ Μακεδονικῶν.
His father, being incensed, beheaded him; as Aretades of Cnidus relates in the third book of the Macedonian History.
Βροῦτος ὑπὸ πάντων ὕπατος χειροτονηθεὶς ἐφυγάδευσε τὸν Ὑπερήφανον Ταρκύνιον τυραννικῶς ἀναστρεφόμενον.
Brutus, having been elected consul by all, banished Tarquin the Proud, who was behaving tyrannically.
ὁ δʼ ἐλθὼν εἰς Τούσκους ἐπολέμει Ῥωμαίοις.
The latter, having come to the Tuscans, made war against the Romans.
οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ τὸν πατέρα προδοῦναι ἠβουλήθησαν.
But the sons of Brutus wished to betray their father.
ἐμφανέντας δʼ ἐτραχηλοκόπησεν· ὡς Ἀριστείδης Μιλήσιος ἐν τοῖς Ἰταλικοῖς.
When they were exposed, he beheaded them; as Aristides the Milesian relates in the Italian History.
§12Ἐπαμεινώνδας ὁ τῶν Θηβαίων στρατηγὸς ἔχων πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους πόλεμον καὶ ἀρχαιρεσιῶν ἀγομένων ἧκεν ἐς πατρίδα, παραγγείλας τῷ παιδὶ Στησιμβρότῳ μὴ συμβάλλειν.
Epaminondas, the general of the Thebans, having a war against the Lacedaemonians, returned to his homeland because elections were being held, having ordered his son Stesimbrotus not to engage in battle.
Λακεδαιμόνιοι μαθόντες τὴν ἀπουσίαν ἐβλασφήμουν τὸν νεανίαν ὡς ἄνανδρον· ὁ δʼ ἀγανακτήσας καὶ ἐπιλαθομενος τοῦ πατρὸς συνέβαλε καὶ ἐνίκησεν·
The Lacedaemonians, having learned of his absence, reviled the young man as cowardly; but he, being incensed and having forgotten his father, joined battle and conquered.
ὁ δὲ πατὴρ βαρέως ἐνέγκας στεφανώσας ἐτραχηλοκόπησεν, ὡς Κτησιφῶν ἱστορεῖ ἐν τρίτῳ Βοιωτιακῶν.
His father, bearing it heavily, crowned him and then beheaded him; as Ctesiphon relates in the third book of the Boeotian History.
Ῥωμαῖοι πρὸς Σαμνίτας πόλεμον ἔχοντες ἐχειρο - τόνησαν Μάλλιον τὸν Ἐπιτάκτην ἐπικληθέντα.
The Romans, having a war against the Samnites, elected Mallius, surnamed Epitactes, as general.
οὗτος διὰ χειροτονίαν ὑπατικὴν εἰς Ῥώμην πορευόμενος τῷ θἱῷ προσέταξε μὴ συμβαλεῖν.
He, going to Rome on account of the consular election, commanded his son not to join battle.
οἱ δὲ Σαμνῖται μαθόντες βλασφημίαις ἐξουδένιζον τὸν νεανίαν·
But the Samnites, having learned of this, treated the young man with contempt with revilings; and he, being troubled, joined battle and conquered.
ὁ δὲ ταραχθεὶς ἐνίκησεν Μάλλιος δʼ αὐτὸν ἐτραχηλοκόπησεν καθάπερ ἱστορεῖ Ἀριστείδης Μιλήσιος.
But Mallius beheaded him; just as Aristides the Milesian relates.