§57ἀπὸ ποίας αἰτίας ὁ ἀνδρὼν ἐν Σάμῳ πεδήτης καλεῖται;
For what reason is the hall in Samos called 'Pedetes'?
τῶν γεωμόρων ἐχόντων τὴν πολιτείαν μετὰ τὴν Δημοτέλους σφαγὴν καὶ τὴν κατάλυσιν τῆς ἐκείνου μοναρχίας, οἱ Μεγαρεῖς Περινθίοις ἐπεστράτευσαν ἀποίκοις οὖσι Σαμίων πέδας κομίζοντες, ὡς λέγεται, ἐπὶ τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους.
When the geomoroi held the government after the slaughter of Demoteles and the dissolution of his monarchy, the Megarians made war upon the Perinthians who were colonists of the Samians, bringing fetters, as it is said, for the captives.
ταῦτα δὲ οἱ γεωμόροι πυνθανόμενοι βοήθειαν ἔπεμπον κατὰ τάχος, στρατηγοὺς μὲν ἀποδείξαντες ἐννέα, ναῦς δὲ πληρώσαντες τριάκοντα.
The geomoroi, having learned this, sent help with speed, having appointed nine generals and having manned thirty ships.
τούτων ἐκπλέουσαι δύο πρὸ τοῦ λιμένος ὑπὸ κεραυνοῦ διεφθάρησαν οἱ δὲ στρατηγοὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις πλεύσαντες ἐνίκων τοὺς Μεγαρέας καὶ ζῶντας αὐτῶν ἔλαβον ἑξακοσίους.
Of these, two as they were sailing out were destroyed by a thunderbolt in front of the harbor; and the generals, having sailed with the others, conquered the Megarians and took six hundred of them alive.
ἐπαρθέντες δὲ τῇ νίκῃ διενοοῦντο καταλύειν τὴν οἴκοι γεωμόρων ὀλιγαρχίαν.
And being elated by the victory, they intended to put down the oligarchy of the geomoroi at home.
ἀφορμὴν δὲ παρέσχον οἱ προεστῶτες τῆς πολιτείας, γράψαντες αὐτοῖς ὅπως τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους τῶν Μεγαρέων κομίσωσι ταῖς αὐτῶν ἐκείνων πέδαις δεδεμένους.
But the leaders of the government provided the occasion, having written to them that they should bring the captives of the Megarians bound with those very fetters of theirs.
λαβόντες οὖν τὰ γράμματα ταῦτα καὶ δείξαντες κρύφα τισὶ τῶν Μεγαρέων ἔπεισαν αὐτοὺς συστῆναι μεθʼ αὑτῶν καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἐλευθερῶσαι· βουλευομένοις δὲ κοινῇ περὶ τῆς πράξεως ἔδοξε τῶν πεδῶν τοὺς κρίκους διακροτῆσαι, καὶ περιθέντας οὕτω τοῖς σκέλεσι τῶν Μεγαρέων ἀναλαβεῖν πρὸς τὰς ζώνας ἱμᾶσιν, ὅπως μὴ περιρρέωσι μηδʼ ἐκβαίνωσιν τῶν σκελῶν ἐν τῷ βαδίζειν χαλαρῶν γενομένων.
Therefore, having received this letter and having shown it secretly to some of the Megarians, they persuaded them to conspire with them and to free the city; and as they consulted in common about the deed, it seemed best to beat open the rings of the fetters, and having thus put them around the legs of the Megarians, to suspend them to their belts with thongs, so that they might not slip down nor slip off their legs by becoming loose in walking.
οὕτω δὲ τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐνσκευάσαντες καὶ ξίφος ἑκάστῳ δόντες, ἐπεὶ κατέπλευσαν εἰς Σάμον καὶ ἀπέβησαν, ἦγον αὐτοὺς διʼ ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὸ βουλευτήριον, ὁμοῦ τι πάντων τῶν γεωμόρων συγκαθεζομένων.
And having thus equipped the men and given a sword to each, when they had sailed down to Samos and disembarked, they led them through the marketplace to the council-chamber, where almost all the geomoroi were sitting together.
εἶτα σημείου δοθέντος, οἱ Μεγαρεῖς προσπεσόντες ἔκτεινον τοὺς ἄνδρας.
Then, a signal being given, the Megarians fell upon and slew the men.
οὕτω δὲ τῆς πόλεως ἐλευθερωθείσης, τούς τε βουλομένους τῶν Μεγαρέων πολίτας ἐποιήσαντο καὶ κατασκευάσαντες οἶκον εὐμεγέθη τὰς πέδας ἀνέθηκαν, καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου
πεδήτης
ὁ οἶκος ὠνομάσθη.
And the city being thus freed, they made citizens of those of the Megarians who wished, and having constructed a spacious hall they dedicated the fetters, and from this the hall was named Pedetes.
§58διὰ τί παρὰ Κῴοις ὁ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους ἱερεὺς ἐν Ἀντιμαχείᾳ γυναικείαν ἐνδεδυμένος ἐσθῆτα καὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀναδούμενος μίτρᾳ κατάρχεται τῆς θυσίας;
Why among the Coans does the priest of Hercules in Antimachia, dressed in a woman's garment and having his head bound with a headband, begin the sacrifice?
Ἡρακλῆς ταῖς ἓξ ναυσὶν ἀπὸ Τροίας ἀναχθεὶς ἐχειμάσθη, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων διαφθαρεισῶν μιᾷ μόνῃ πρὸς τὴν Κῶν ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος ἐλαυνόμενος ἐξέπεσε κατὰ τὸν Λακητῆρα καλούμενον, οὐδὲν ἄλλο περισώσας ἢ τὰ ὅπλα καὶ τοὺς ἄνδρας.
Hercules, having set sail from Troy with six ships, was caught in a storm, and when the others were destroyed, being driven by the wind with only one to Cos, he was cast ashore near the place called Lacter, having saved nothing else but his arms and his men.
ἐντυχὼν δὲ προβάτοις ᾔτει κριὸν ἕνα παρὰ τοῦ νέμοντος· ὁ δʼ ἄνθρωπος ἐκαλεῖτο μὲν Ἀνταγόρας, ἀκμάζων δὲ τῇ ῥώμῃ τοῦ σώματος ἐκέλευσεν αὑτῷ διαπαλαῖσαι τὸν Ἡρακλέα, κἂν καταβάλῃ, τὸν κριὸν φέρεσθαι.
And having met with sheep, he asked for one ram from the shepherd; the man was called Antagoras, and being in the prime of his bodily strength, he challenged Hercules to wrestle with him, and if he should throw him, to carry off the ram.
καὶ συμπεσόντος αὐτῷ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους ἐς χεῖρας, οἱ Μέροπες τῷ Ἀνταγόρᾳ παραβοηθοῦντες, οἱ δὲ Ἕλληνες τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ, μάχην καρτερὰν συνῆψαν, ἐν ᾗ λέγεται τῷ πλήθει καταπονούμενος ὁ Ἡρακλῆς καταφυγεῖν πρὸς γυναῖκα Θρᾷτταν καὶ διαλαθεῖν ἐσθῆτι γυναικείᾳ κατακρύψας ἑαυτόν.
And when Hercules closed with him, the Meropes coming to the aid of Antagoras, and the Greeks to that of Hercules, they joined a fierce battle, in which it is said that Hercules, being overpowered by numbers, fled to a Thracian woman and escaped notice by concealing himself in a woman's garment.
ἐπεὶ δὲ τῶν Μερόπων αὖθις κρατήσας καὶ καθαρθεὶς ἐγάμει τὴν Χαλκιοπήν, ἀνέλαβε στολὴν ἀνθίνην.
But when, having later conquered the Meropes and been purified, he married Chalciope, he assumed a flowered robe.
διὸ θύει μὲν ὁ ἱερεὺς ὅπου τὴν μάχην συνέβη γενέσθαι, τὰς δὲ νύμφας οἱ γαμοῦντες δεξιοῦνται γυναικείαν στολὴν περιθέμενοι.
Therefore the priest sacrifices where the battle happened to take place, and those who marry welcome their brides having put on a woman's robe.
§59πόθεν ἐν Μεγάροις γένος ἁμαξοκυλιστῶν;
From where does the clan of the wagon-rollers in Megara come?
ἐπὶ τῆς ἀκολάστου δημοκρατίας, ἣ καὶ τὴν παλιντοκίαν ἐποίησε καὶ τὴν ἱεροσυλίαν, ἐπορεύετο θεωρία Πελοποννησίων εἰς Δελφοὺς διὰ τῆς Μεγαρικῆς καὶ κατηυλίσθησαν ἐν Αἰγείροις παρὰ τὴν λίμνην μετὰ παίδων καὶ γυναικῶν ὡς ἔτυχεν ἐν ταῖς ἁμάξαις.
In the time of the licentious democracy, which also caused the 'palintokia' and the temple-robbing, a sacred embassy of the Peloponnesians was going to Delphi through the Megarian territory, and they lodged at Aigeiroi by the lake with their children and wives, just as it happened, in their wagons.
τῶν δὲ Μεγαρέων οἱ θρασύτατοι μεθυσθέντες, ὕβρει καὶ ὠμότητι τὰς ἁμάξας ἀνακυλίσαντες εἰς τὴν λίμνην ἐνεώσαντο, ὥστε πολλοὺς ἀποπνιγῆναι τῶν θεωρῶν.
And the most insolent of the Megarians, having become drunk, with wanton violence and cruelty rolled the wagons and pushed them into the lake, so that many of the envoys were drowned.
οἱ μὲν οὖν Μεγαρεῖς διʼ ἀταξίαν τῆς πολιτείας ἠμέλησαν τοῦ ἀδικήματος, οἱ δὲ Ἀμφικτύονες, ἱερᾶς τῆς θεωρίας οὔσης, ἐπιστραφέντες τοὺς μὲν φυγῇ τοὺς δὲ θανάτῳ τῶν ἐναγῶν ἐζημίωσαν.
The Megarians, then, because of the disorder of their government, neglected the crime; but the Amphictyons, since the embassy was sacred, took notice of it and punished the accursed men, some with banishment and others with death.
οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ γένους
ἁμαξοκυλισταί
προσηγορεύθησαν.
And those from their clan were called wagon-rollers.