§1τῆς περὶ θεῶν ἀμαθίας καὶ ἀγνοίας εὐθὺς ἐξ ἀρχῆς δίχα ῥυείσης τὸ μὲν ὥσπερ ἐν χωρίοις σκληροῖς τοῖς ἀντιτύποις ἤθεσι τὴν ἀθεότητα, τὸ δʼ ὥσπερ ἐν ὑγροῖς τοῖς ἁπαλοῖς τὴν δεισιδαιμονίαν πεποίηκεν.
Since the ignorance and lack of knowledge concerning the gods flowed from the very beginning in two directions, the one, as though in hard ground, produced atheism in stubborn characters, while the other, as though in moist ground, produced superstition in tender characters.
ἅπασα μὲν οὖν κρίσις ψευδής, ἄλλως τε κἂν ᾖ περὶ ταῦτα, μοχθηρόν· ᾗ δὲ καὶ πάθος πρόσεστι, μοχθηρότατον.
Now, every false judgment, especially if it is about these matters, is harmful; but where passion is also present, it is most harmful.
πᾶν γὰρ πάθος ἔοικε πληγὴ φλεγμαίνουσα εἶναι· καὶ καθάπερ αἱ μετὰ τραύματος ἐκβολαὶ τῶν ἄρθρων, οὕτως αἱ μετὰ πάθους διαστροφαὶ τῆς ψυχῆς χαλεπώτεραι.
For every passion seems to be like an inflamed wound; and just as dislocations of the joints accompanied by trauma are more painful, so are the distortions of the soul accompanied by passion.
ἀτόμους τις οἴεται καὶ κενὸν ἀρχὰς εἶναι τῶν ὅλων ψευδὴς ἡ ὑπόληψις, ἀλλʼ ἕλκος οὐ ποιεῖ οὐδὲ σφυγμὸν οὐδʼ ὀδύνην ταράττουσαν.
Someone thinks that atoms and the void are the principles of the universe: this assumption is false, yet it produces no sore, nor throbbing, nor distracting pain.
ὑπολαμβάνει τις τὸν πλοῦτον ἀγαθὸν εἶναι μέγιστον· τοῦτο τὸ ψεῦδος ἰὸν ἔχει, νέμεται τὴν ψυχήν, ἐξίστησιν, οὐκ ἐᾷ καθεύδειν, οἴστρων ἐμπίπλησιν, ὠθεῖ κατὰ πετρῶν, ἄγχει, τὴν παρρησίαν ἀφαιρεῖται.
Someone supposes that wealth is the greatest good: this falsehood contains poison, it preys upon the soul, unhinges it, does not allow it to sleep, fills it with stinging frenzies, pushes it down cliffs, chokes it, and robs it of freedom of speech.
πάλιν οἴονταί τινες εἶναι σῶμα τὴν ἀρετὴν καὶ τὴν κακίαν· αἰσχρὸν ἴσως τὸ ἀγνόημα, θρήνων δὲ καὶ ὀδυρμῶν οὐκ ἄξιον·
Again, some think that virtue and vice are bodies: this ignorance is perhaps shameful, but not worthy of tears and lamentations.
ἀλλʼ αἵτινές εἰσι τοιαῦται κρίσεις καὶ ὑπολήψεις
"
ὦ τλῆμον ἀρετή, λόγος ἄρʼ ἦσθʼ· ἐγὼ δέ σε
ὡς ἔργον ἤσκουν
"
ἀφεὶς τὴν πλουτοποιὸν ἀδικίαν καὶ τὴν γόνιμον ἁπάσης ἡδονῆς ἀκολασίαν, ταύτας ἄξιόν ἐστιν οἰκτίρειν ὁμοῦ καὶ δυσχεραίνειν, ὅτι πολλὰ νοσήματα καὶ πάθη καθάπερ εὐλὰς καὶ σκώληκας ἐντίκτουσι ταῖς ψυχαῖς παροῦσαι.
But such judgments and assumptions as: "O wretched Virtue, you were then but a word; yet I practiced you as a reality" having cast aside the wealth-producing injustice and the licentiousness that is fertile in every pleasure—these deserve our pity and at the same time our disgust, because by their presence they breed in our souls many sicknesses and passions, like maggots and worms.
§2οὐκοῦν καὶ περὶ ὧν ὁ λόγος, ἡ μὲν ἀθεότης κρίσις οὖσα φαύλη τοῦ μηδὲν εἶναι μακάριον καὶ ἄφθαρτον εἰς ἀπάθειάν τινα δοκεῖ τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ τοῦ θείου περιφέρειν, καὶ τέλος ἐστὶν αὐτῇ τοῦ μὴ νομίζειν θεοὺς τὸ μὴ φοβεῖσθαι· τὴν δεισιδαιμονίαν δὲ μηνύει καὶ τοὔνομα δόξαν ἐμπαθῆ καὶ δέους ποιητικὴν ὑπόληψιν οὖσαν ἐκταπεινοῦντος καὶ συντρίβοντος τὸν ἄνθρωπον, οἰόμενον μὲν εἶναι θεούς, εἶναι δὲ λυπηροὺς καὶ βλαβερούς.
Therefore, concerning the subject of our discourse, while atheism, being a bad judgment that nothing is blessed and incorruptible, seems to lead, through disbelief in the divine, to a kind of insensibility, and its end in not believing in gods is not to fear them; superstition, as its very name declares, is a passionate opinion and an assumption productive of fear which humbles and crushes a person, who believes indeed that there are gods, but that they are painful and harmful.
ἔοικε γὰρ ὁ μὲν ἄθεος ἀκίνητος εἶναι πρὸς τὸ θεῖον, ὁ δὲ δεισιδαίμων κινούμενος ὡς οὐ προσήκει διαστρέφεσθαι.
For the atheist seems to be unmoved toward the divine, while the superstitious person is moved in an improper way, so as to be distorted.
ἡ γὰρ ἄγνοια τῷ μὲν ἀπιστίαν τοῦ ὠφελοῦντος ἐμπεποίηκε, τῷ δὲ καὶ δόξαν ὅτι βλάπτει προστέθεικεν.
For ignorance has implanted in the one disbelief in that which benefits, while to the other it has added the opinion that it causes harm.
ὅθεν ἡ μὲν ἀθεότης λόγος ἐστὶ διεψευσμένος, ἡ δὲ δεισιδαιμονία πάθος ἐκ λόγου ψευδοῦς ἐγγεγενημένον.
Whence atheism is a false reason, while superstition is a passion engendered from a false reason.