§1ὁρῶ μὲν ὅτι τὸν πραότατον, ὦ Κορνήλιε Ποῦλχερ, πολιτείας ᾕρησαι τρόπον, ἐν ᾧ μάλιστα τοῖς κοινοῖς ὠφέλιμος; ὢν ἀλυπότατον ἰδίᾳ τοῖς ἐντυγχάνουσι παρέχεις σεαυτόν.
I see, my dear Cornelius Pulcher, that you have chosen the gentlest manner of political life, in which, while being most useful to the public, you present yourself as most free from giving pain in private to those who associate with you.
ἐπεὶ δὲ χώραν μὲν ἄθηρον ὥσπερ ἱστοροῦσι τὴν Κρήτην εὑρεῖν ἔστι, πολιτεία δὲ μήτε φθόνον ἐνηνοχυῖα μήτε ζῆλον φιλονεικίαν, ἔχθρας γονιμώτατα πάθη, μέχρι νῦν οὐ γέγονεν ἀλλʼ εἰ μηδὲν ἄλλο, ταῖς ἔχθραις αἱ φιλίαι συμπλέκουσιν ἡμᾶς·
But since, just as they historical report Crete to be a land free of wild beasts, it is possible to find such a territory, yet a political life that has never harbored envy, jealousy, or rivalry—passions most fertile in hostility—has not existed down to this day; on the contrary, if nothing else, our friendships entangle us in enmities.
ὃ καὶ Χίλων ὁ σοφὸς νοήσας τὸν εἰπόντα μηδένα ἔχειν ἐχθρὸν ἠρώτησεν εἰ μηδὲ φίλον ἔχοι, δοκεῖ μοι τὰ τʼ ἄλλα περὶ ἐχθρῶν τῷ πολιτικῷ διεσκέφθαι προσήκειν καὶ τοῦ Ξενοφῶντος ἀκηκοέναι μὴ παρέργως εἰπόντος ὅτι τοῦ νοῦν ἔχοντός ἐστι καὶ ἀπὸ
τῶν ἐχθρῶν ὠφελεῖσθαι
ἅπερ οὖν εἰς τοῦτο πρῴην εἰπεῖν μοι παρέστη, συναγαγὼν ὁμοῦ τι τοῖς αὐτοῖς ὀνόμασιν ἀπέσταλκά σοι, φεισάμενος ὡς ἐνῆν μάλιστα τῶν ἐν τοῖς Πολιτικοῖς Παραγγέλμασι γεγραμμένων, ἐπεὶ κἀκεῖνο τὸ βιβλίον ὁρῶ σε πρόχειρον ἔχοντα πολλάκις.
The wise Chilon, having realized this very thing, asked the man who said he had no enemy whether he did not have a friend either. Thus it seems to me to befit the statesman to have examined other matters concerning enemies, and to have listened not carelessly to Xenophon when he said that it belongs to the man of sense even to derive benefit from his enemies. Therefore, having gathered together almost in those very words what occurred to me to say on this subject the other day, I have sent it to you, sparing as much as possible, what has been written in the *Political Precepts*, since I see that you have that book close at hand and use it frequently.
§2ἐξήρκει τοῖς παλαιοῖς ὑπὸ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων καὶ ἀγρίων ζῴων μὴ ἀδικεῖσθαι, καὶ τοῦτο τῶν πρὸς τὰ θηρία τέλος ἦν ἀγώνων ἐκείνοις· οἱ δʼ ὕστερον ἤδη χρῆσθαι μαθόντες αὐτοῖς καὶ ὠφελοῦνται σαρξὶ τρεφόμενοι καὶ θριξὶν ἀμφιεννύμενοι καὶ χολαῖς καὶ πυτίαις ἰατρευόμενοι καὶ δέρμασιν ὁπλίζοντες ἑαυτούς, ὥστʼ ἄξιον εἶναι δεδιέναι μὴ τῶν θηρίων ἐπιλιπόντων τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ θηριώδης ὁ βίος αὐτοῦ γένηται καὶ ἄπορος καὶ ἀνήμερος.
It was sufficient for the ancients not to be harmed by foreign and wild beasts, and this was the end of their struggles against the beasts; but those of later times, having already learned how to use them, derive benefit by feeding on their flesh, clothing themselves with their hair, curing themselves with their gall and rennet, and arming themselves with their skins, so that it is reasonable to fear lest, if the beasts should fail, man's life itself might become beastlike, helpless, and uncivilized.
ἐπεὶ τοίνυν τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις ἱκανόν ἐστι τὸ μὴ πάσχειν ὑπὸ τῶν ἐχθρῶν, κακῶς, τοὺς δὲ νοῦν ἔχοντας ὁ Ξενοφῶν καὶ ὠφελεῖσθαί φησιν ἀπὸ τῶν διαφερομένων, ἀπιστεῖν μὲν οὐ χρή, ζητεῖν δὲ μέθοδον καὶ τέχνην διʼ ἧς τοῦτο περιέσται τὸ καλὸν οἷς χωρὶς ἐχθροῦ ζῆν ἀδύνατόν ἐστιν.
Since, therefore, for others it is enough not to suffer harm at the hands of their enemies, whereas Xenophon says that men of sense also derive benefit from those who differ with them, one must not disbelieve this, but must seek a method and an art through which this good may be attained by those for whom it is impossible to live without an enemy.
οὐ δύναται πᾶν ἐξημερῶσαι δένδρον ὁ γεωργὸς οὐδὲ πᾶν τιθασεῦσαι θηρίον ὁ κυνηγός· ἐζήτησαν οὖν καθʼ ἑτέρας χρείας ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῶν ἀκάρπων ὁ δʼ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγρίων ὠφελεῖσθαι.
The husbandman cannot domesticate every tree, nor the hunter tame every beast; they have sought, therefore, for other uses, the one to derive benefit from fruitless trees, the other from wild beasts.
τῆς θαλάττης τὸ ὕδωρ ἄποτόν ἐστι καὶ πονηρόν, ἀλλʼ ἰχθῦς τρέφει καὶ πόμπιμόν ἐστι πάντῃ καὶ πορεύσιμον ὄχημα τοῖς κομιζομένοις·
Sea water is undrinkable and noxious, but it breeds fish and is a transportable vehicle conducting travelers everywhere.
τοῦ δὲ σατύρου τὸ πῦρ, ὡς πρῶτον ὤφθη, βουλομένου φιλῆσαι καὶ περιβαλεῖν, ὁ Προμηθεύς
"
τράγος ἔφη γένειον ἆρα πενθήσεις σύ γε
"
καὶ γὰρ κάει τὸν ἁψάμενον, ἀλλὰ φῶς παρέχει καὶ θερμότητα καὶ τέχνης ἁπάσης ὄργανόν ἐστι τοῖς χρῆσθαι μαθοῦσι.
And when the satyr first saw fire and wished to kiss and embrace it, Prometheus said: "Goat, you will mourn for your beard, indeed." For it burns him who touches it, but it provides light and warmth, and is the instrument of every art for those who have learned how to use it.
σκόπει δὴ καὶ τὸν ἐχθρόν, εἰ βλαβερὸς ὢν τἄλλα καὶ δυσμεταχείριστος, ἁμωσγέπως ἁφὴν ἐνδίδωσιν αὑτοῦ καὶ χρῆσιν οἰκείαν καὶ ὠφέλιμός ἐστι.
Consider then also the enemy, whether, being harmful in other respects and difficult to manage, he in some way or other yields a hold on himself and a personal use, and is beneficial.
καὶ τῶν πραγμάτων ἄφιλα πολλὰ καὶ ἀπεχθῆ καὶ ἀντίπαλα τοῖς ἐντυγχάνουσιν ἀλλʼ ὁρᾷς ὅτι καὶ νόσοις ἔνιοι σώματος εἰς ἀπραγμοσύνην ἐχρήσαντο, καὶ πόνοι πολλοῖς προσπεσόντες ἔρρωσαν καὶ ἤσκησαν.
Many circumstances also are unfriendly, offensive, and hostile to those who meet them, but you see that some have used even bodily illnesses for quietness, and labors falling upon many have strengthened and trained them.
ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ πατρίδος; στέρησιν καὶ χρημάτων ἀποβολὴν ἐφόδιον σχολῆς ἐποιήσαντο καὶ φιλοσοφίας, ὡς Διογένης καὶ Κράτης Ζήνων δέ, τῆς ναυκληρίας αὐτῷ συντριβείσης, πυθόμενος εἶπεν
εὖ γʼ ὦ τύχη ποιεῖς, εἰς τὸν τρίβωνα συνελαύνουσα ἡμᾶς. ὥσπερ γὰρ τὰ ῥωμαλεώτατα τοὺς στομάχους καὶ ὑγιεινότατα τῶν ζῴων ὄφεις ἐσθίοντα καταπέττει καὶ σκορπίους, ἔστι δʼ ἃ καὶ λίθοις καὶ ὀστράκοις τρέφεται μεταβάλλουσι δὲ διʼ εὐτονίαν καὶ θερμότητα πνεύματος, οἱ δὲ σικχοὶ καὶ νοσώδεις ἄρτον καὶ οἶνον προσφερόμενοι ναυτιῶσιν, οὕτως οἱ μὲν ἀνόητοι καὶ τὰς φιλίας διαφθείρουσιν, οἱ δὲ φρόνιμοι καὶ ταῖς ἔχθραις ἐμμελῶς χρῆσθαι δύνανται.
And some have made even loss of country and forfeiture of property a provision for leisure and philosophy, like Diogenes and Crates; and Zeno, when his merchant ship was wrecked, on hearing of it said: "Well done, O Fortune, in driving us to the philosopher's cloak." For just as the strongest and healthiest of animals eat and digest snakes and scorpions, and there are some that feed even on stones and shells, converting them by the vigor and warmth of their breath, whereas the squeamish and sickly feel nauseated when they partake of bread and wine, so the foolish ruin even friendships, while the wise are able to make fitting use even of enmities.