§8διὸ δεῖ τὸ πολὺ καὶ κενὸν ἀφαιροῦντα τῆς λέξεως αὐτὸν διώκειν τὸν καρπὸν καὶ μιμεῖσθαι μὴ τὰς στεφανηπλόκους ἀλλὰ τὰς μελίσσας.
Therefore, taking away the excessive and empty part of the style, one must pursue the fruit itself and imitate not the wreath-makers but the bees.
αἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐπιοῦσαι τὰ ἀνθηρὰ καὶ εὐώδη τῶν φύλλων συνείρουσι καὶ διαπλέκουσιν ἡδὺ μὲν ἐφήμερον δὲ καὶ ἄκαρπον ἔργον· αἱ δὲ πολλάκις ἴων καὶ ῥόδων καὶ ὑακίνθων διαπετόμεναι λειμῶνας ἐπὶ τὸν τραχύτατον καὶ δριμύτατον θύμον καταίρουσι καὶ τούτῳ προσκάθηνται
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ξανθὸν μέλι μηδόμεναι,
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καὶ λαβοῦσαί τι τῶν χρησίμων ἀποπέτονται πρὸς τὸ οἰκεῖον ἔργον.
For the former, going over the flowery and fragrant parts of the leaves, string them together and weave a work that is sweet indeed, but temporary and fruitless; whereas the latter, often flying through meadows of violets, roses, and hyacinths, settle upon the roughest and most pungent thyme and cling to this, "fashioning yellow honey," and having taken something useful, they fly away to their own work.
οὕτως οὖν δεῖ τὸν φιλότεχνον καὶ καθαρὸν ἀκροατὴν τὰ μὲν ἀνθηρὰ καὶ τρυφερὰ τῶν ὀνομάτων καὶ τῶν πραγμάτων τὰ δραματικὰ καὶ πανηγυρικὰ κηφήνων βοτάνην σοφιστιώντων ἡγούμενον ἐᾶν, αὐτὸν δὲ τῇ προσοχῇ καταδυόμενον εἰς τὸν νοῦν τοῦ λόγου καὶ τὴν διάθεσιν τοῦ λέγοντος ἕλκειν ἀπʼ αὐτῆς τὸ χρήσιμον καὶ ὠφέλιμον, μεμνημένον ὡς οὐκ εἰς θέατρον οὐδʼ ᾠδεῖον ἀλλʼ εἰς σχολὴν καὶ διδασκαλεῖον ἀφῖκται, τῷ λόγῳ τὸν βίον ἐπανορθωσόμενος.
Thus, then, the art-loving and pure listener must regard the flowery and delicate parts of words, and the dramatic and theatrical aspects of the subject matters, as the food of sophist-like drones, and leave them alone, but himself, diving with attention into the meaning of the discourse and the disposition of the speaker, draw from it what is useful and beneficial, remembering that he has arrived not at a theater or a music-hall, but at a school and a place of instruction, intending to correct his life by means of discourse.
ὅθεν δὴ καὶ ποιητέον ἐπίσκεψιν καὶ κρίσιν τῆς ἀκροάσεως ἐξ αὑτοῦ καὶ τῆς περὶ αὑτὸν διαθέσεως, ἀναλογιζόμενον εἴ τι τῶν παθῶν γέγονε μαλακώτερον, εἴ τι τῶν ἀνιαρῶν κουφότερον, εἰ θάρσος εἰ φρόνημα βέβαιον, εἰ πρὸς ἀρετὴν καὶ τὸ καλὸν ἐνθουσιασμός.
Whence indeed one must make examination and judgment of one's listening from oneself and one's own state, reflecting whether any of the passions has become milder, whether any of his vexations has become lighter, whether confidence or a firm resolve has been established, whether an enthusiasm for virtue and the noble has arisen.
οὐ γὰρ ἐκ κουρείου μὲν ἀναστάντα δεῖ τῷ κατόπτρῳ παραστῆναι καὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἅψασθαι, τὴν περικοπὴν τῶν τριχῶν ἐπισκοποῦντα καὶ τῆς κουρᾶς τὴν διαφοράν, ἐκ δὲ ἀκροάσεως ἀπιόντα καὶ σχολῆς οὐκ εὐθὺς ἀφορᾶν χρὴ πρὸς ἑαυτόν, καταμανθάνοντα τὴν ψυχὴν εἴ τι τῶν ὀχληρῶν ἀποτεθειμένη καὶ περιττῶν ἐλαφροτέρα γέγονε καὶ ἡδίων.
For one should not, on rising from a barber's shop, stand by the mirror and touch one's head, observing the cut of the hair and the difference of the haircut, but on departing from a lecture and a school, one must straightway look toward oneself, examining whether the soul, having laid aside any of its troublesome and superfluous burdens, has become lighter and more pleasant.
οὔτε γὰρ βαλανείου
φησὶν ὁ Ἀρίστων
οὔτε λόγου μὴ καθαίροντος ὄφελός ἐστιν. §9Ἡδέσθω μὲν οὖν ὑπὸ λόγων ὠφελούμενος ὁ νέος· οὐ δεῖ δὲ τὸ ἡδὺ τῆς ἀκροάσεως ποιεῖσθαι τέλος, οὐδʼ οἴεσθαι δεῖν ἐκ σχολῆς ἀπιέναι φιλοσόφου μινυρίζοντα καὶ γεγανωμένον, οὐδὲ ζητεῖν μυρίζεσθαι δεόμενον ἐμβροχῆς καὶ καταπλάσματος, ἀλλὰ χάριν ἔχειν, ἄν τις ὥσπερ καπνῷ σμῆνος λόγῳ δριμεῖ τὴν διάνοιαν ἀχλύος πολλῆς καὶ ἀμβλύτητος γέμουσαν ἐκκαθήρῃ.
"For there is no benefit," says Ariston, "either in a bath or in a discourse that does not cleanse." Let the young man, then, take pleasure while being benefited by discourses; but he must not make the pleasure of listening his end, nor think that he ought to depart from the school of a philosopher humming and glistening with delight, nor seek to be perfumed when in need of a poultice and a plaster, but be grateful if someone, as a beehive with smoke, with a sharp discourse cleanses his mind which is full of much mist and dullness.
καὶ γὰρ εἰ τοῖς λέγουσι προσήκει μὴ παντάπασιν ἡδονὴν ἐχούσης καὶ πιθανότητα λέξεως. παραμελεῖν, ἐλάχιστα τούτου φροντιστέον τῷ νέῳ, τό γε πρῶτον.
For even if it is proper for speakers not to neglect entirely a style that has pleasure and persuasiveness, this must be of the least concern to the young man, at least at first.
ὕστερον δέ που, καθάπερ οἱ πίνοντες, ὅταν παύσωνται διψῶντες, τότε τὰ τορεύματα τῶν ἐκπωμάτων ὑποθεωροῦσι καὶ στρέφουσιν, οὕτως ἐμπλησθέντι δογμάτων καὶ ἀναπνεύσαντι δοτέον τὴν λέξιν εἴ τι κομψὸν ἔχει καὶ περιττὸν ἐπισκοπεῖν.
But later, I suppose, just like those who drink, when they have stopped thirsting, then look closely at and turn around the engravings of the cups, so to one who is filled with doctrines and has caught his breath, it must be allowed to examine the style, if it has anything elegant and exquisite.
ὁ δʼ εὐθὺς ἐξ ἀρχῆς μὴ τοῖς πράγμασιν ἐμφυόμενος ἀλλὰ τὴν λέξιν Ἀττικὴν ἀξιῶν εἶναι καὶ ἰσχνὴν ὅμοιός ἐστι μὴ βουλομένῳ πιεῖν ἀντίδοτον, ἂν μὴ τὸ ἀγγεῖον ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς κωλιάδος κεκεραμευμένον, μηδʼ ἱμάτιον περιβαλέσθαι χειμῶνος, εἰ μὴ προβάτων Ἀττικῶν εἴη τὸ ἔριον, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ ἐν τρίβωνι Λυσιακοῦ λόγου λεπτῷ καὶ ψιλῷ καθήμενος ἄπρακτος καὶ ἀκίνητος.
But he who straight from the start does not cling to the subject matter but demands that the style be Attic and plain, is like one who does not want to drink an antidote unless the vessel has been crafted from Attic Colias, nor to put on a cloak in winter unless the wool is of Attic sheep, but sits inactive and motionless, as if in a thin and bare cloak of a Lysian speech.
ταῦτα γὰρ τὰ νοσήματα πολλὴν μὲν ἐρημίαν νοῦ καὶ φρενῶν ἀγαθῶν, πολλὴν δὲ τερθρείαν καὶ στωμυλίαν ἐν ταῖς σχολαῖς πεποίηκε, τῶν μειρακίων οὔτε βίον οὔτε πρᾶξιν οὔτε πολιτείαν φιλοσόφου παραφυλαττόντων ἀνδρός, ἀλλὰ λέξεις καὶ ῥήματα καὶ τὸ καλῶς ἀπαγγέλλειν ἐν ἐπαίνῳ τιθεμένων, τὸ δʼ ἀπαγγελλόμενον εἴτε χρήσιμον εἴτʼ ἄχρηστον εἴτʼ ἀναγκαῖον εἴτε κενόν ἐστι καὶ περιττὸν οὐκ ἐπισταμένων οὐδὲ βουλομένων ἐξετάζειν.
For these diseases have produced a great emptiness of mind and good sense, and much pedantry and wordiness in the schools, with the youths observing neither the life nor the conduct nor the public behavior of a philosophical man, but holding style and words and speaking well in high esteem, while not knowing how nor wishing to examine whether what is delivered is useful or useless, or necessary, or empty and superfluous.