§18πᾶσαν οὖν ἀπωσάμενοι τὴν τοσαύτην βλακείαν καὶ ἀλαζονείαν καὶ πρὸς τὸ μαθεῖν ἰόντες καὶ περὶ τὸ λαβεῖν τῇ διανοίᾳ τὸ χρησίμως λεγόμενον ὄντες, ὑπομένωμεν τοὺς τῶν εὐφυῶν δοκούντων γέλωτας, ὥσπερ ὁ Κλεάνθης καὶ ὁ Ξενοκράτης βραδύτεροι δοκοῦντες εἶναι τῶν συσχολαστῶν οὐκ ἀπεδίδρασκον ἐκ τοῦ μανθάνειν οὐδʼ ἀπέκαμνον, ἀλλὰ φθάνοντες εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἔπαιζον, ἀγγείοις τε βραχυστόμοις καὶ πινακίσι χαλκαῖς ἀπεικάζοντες, ὡς μόλις μὲν παραδεχόμενοι τοὺς λόγους, ἀσφαλῶς δὲ καὶ βεβαίως τηροῦντες.
Therefore, casting away all such great folly and vanity, and going towards learning, and being occupied with grasping in mind what is usefully said, let us endure the laughters of those who seem to be clever, just as Cleanthes and Xenocrates, seeming to be slower than their fellow-students, did not run away from learning nor grow weary, but anticipated others by jesting at themselves, comparing themselves to narrow-mouthed vessels and bronze tablets, as receiving the discourses with difficulty but keeping them safely and firmly.
οὐ γὰρ μόνον, ὥς φησι Φωκυλίδης,
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πόλλʼ ἀπατηθῆναι διζήμενον ἔμμεναι ἐσθλόν,
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ἀλλὰ καὶ γελασθῆναι δεῖ πολλὰ καὶ ἀδοξῆσαι, καὶ σκώμματα καὶ βωμολοχίας ἀναδεξάμενον ὤσασθαι παντὶ τῷ θυμῷ καὶ καταθλῆσαι τὴν ἀμαθίαν.
For not only, as Phocylides says, "He who seeks to be good must be much deceived," but it is also necessary to be much laughed at and to be held in disrepute, and having accepted jests and vulgarities, to push back with all one's spirit and to overcome ignorance.
οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ τῆς πρὸς τοὐναντίον ἁμαρτίας ἀμελητέον, ἣν ἁμαρτάνουσιν οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ νωθείας, ἀηδεῖς καὶ κοπώδεις ὄντες οὐ γὰρ ἐθέλουσι γενόμενοι καθʼ αὑτοὺς πράγματα ἔχειν, ἀλλὰ παρέχουσι τῷ λέγοντι, πολλάκις ἐκπυνθανόμενοι περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν, ὥσπερ ἀπτῆνες νεοσσοὶ κεχηνότες ἀεὶ πρὸς ἀλλότριον στόμα καὶ πᾶν ἕτοιμον ἤδη καὶ διαπεπονημένον ὑπʼ ἄλλων ἐκλαμβάνειν ἐθέλοντες.
Yet we must not neglect the error in the opposite direction, which some commit through sluggishness, being unpleasant and wearisome; for they do not wish to take pains when by themselves, but cause trouble to the speaker, asking repeatedly about the same things, just like wingless fledglings always gaping toward another's mouth and wishing to receive everything already prepared and labored over by others.
ἕτεροι δὲ προσοχῆς καὶ δριμύτητος ἐν οὐ δέοντι θηρώμενοι δόξαν ἀποκναίουσι λαλιᾷ καὶ περιεργίᾳ τοὺς λέγοντας, ἀεί τι προσδιαποροῦντες τῶν οὐκ ἀναγκαίων καὶ ζητοῦντες ἀποδείξεις τῶν οὐ δεομένων
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οὕτως ὁδὸς βραχεῖα γίγνεται μακρά,
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ὥς φησι Σοφοκλῆς, οὐκ αὐτοῖς μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις.
But others, hunting for a reputation of attentiveness and sharpness where it is not needed, wear out the speakers with talkativeness and meddlesomeness, always raising some further difficulties about unnecessary things and seeking proofs for what does not require them: "thus a short way becomes long," as Sophocles says, not only for themselves but also for others.
ἀντιλαμβανόμενοι γὰρ ἑκάστοτε κεναῖς καὶ περιτταῖς ἐρωτήσεσι τοῦ διδάσκοντος, ὥσπερ ἐν συνοδίᾳ, τὸ ἐνδελεχὲς ἐμποδίζουσι τῆς μαθήσεως, ἐπιστάσεις καὶ διατριβὰς λαμβανούσης.
For by interrupting the teacher each time with empty and superfluous questions, just like companions on a journey, they hinder the continuity of learning, which thus receives halts and delays.
οὗτοι μὲν οὖν κατὰ τὸν Ἱερώνυμον ὥσπερ οἱ δειλοὶ καὶ γλίσχροι σκύλακες τὰ δέρματα δάκνοντες οἴκοι καὶ 15 τὰ τίλματα τίλλοντες τῶν θηρίων αὐτῶν οὐχ ἅπτονται τοὺς δʼ ἀργοὺς ἐκείνους παρακαλῶμεν, ὅταν τὰ κεφάλαια τῇ νοήσει περιλάβωσιν, αὐτοὺς διʼ αὑτῶν τὰ λοιπὰ συντιθέναι, καὶ τῇ μνήμῃ χειραγωγεῖν τὴν εὕρεσιν, καὶ τὸν ἀλλότριον λόγον οἷον ἀρχὴν καὶ σπέρμα λαβόντας ἐκτρέφειν καὶ αὔξειν.
These men, then, according to Hieronymus, are like cowardly and greedy dogs that bite the skins at home and 15 pull the hair, but do not touch the wild beasts themselves. But those idle ones let us exhort, when they grasp the main points with their understanding, to put together the rest by themselves, and with memory to guide discovery, and receiving another's discourse as a beginning and a seed, to nourish and increase it.
οὐ γὰρ ὡς ἀγγεῖον ὁ νοῦς ἀποπληρώσεως ἀλλʼ ὑπεκκαύματος μόνον ὥσπερ ὕλη δεῖται, ὁρμὴν ἐμποιοῦντος εὑρετικὴν καὶ ὄρεξιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν.
For the mind does not need filling like a vessel, but rather needs only fuel like wood, which instills a search-loving impulse and a desire for the truth.
ὥσπερ οὖν εἴ τις ἐκ γειτόνων πυρὸς δεόμενος, εἶτα πολὺ καὶ λαμπρὸν εὑρὼν αὐτοῦ καταμένοι διὰ τέλους θαλπόμενος, οὕτως εἴ τις ἥκων λόγου μεταλαβεῖν πρὸς ἄλλον οὐχ οἴεται δεῖν φῶς οἰκεῖον ἐξάπτειν καὶ νοῦν ἴδιον, ἀλλὰ χαίρων τῇ ἀκροάσει κάθηται θελγόμενος, οἷον ἔρευθος ἕλκει καὶ γάνωμα τὴν δόξαν ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων, τὸν δʼ ἐντὸς εὐρῶτα τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ ζόφον οὐκ ἐκτεθέρμαγκεν οὐδʼ ἐξέωκε διὰ φιλοσοφίας.
Just as, therefore, if someone needing fire from neighbors, then finding it abundant and bright, should remain there continually warming himself, so if someone coming to share a discourse with another does not think he must kindle his own light and proper mind, but sits delighted with the hearing, being charmed, drawing as it were a glow and a luster of reputation from the words, but has not warmed nor driven out the inner mold and darkness of the soul through philosophy.
εἰ δεῖ τινος οὖν πρὸς ἀκρόασιν ἑτέρου παραγγέλματος, δεῖ καὶ τοῦ νῦν εἰρημένου μνημονεύοντας ἀσκεῖν ἅμα τῇ μαθήσει τὴν εὕρεσιν, ἵνα μὴ σοφιστικὴν ἕξιν μηδʼ ἱστορικὴν ἀλλʼ ἐνδιάθετον καὶ φιλόσοφον λαμβάνωμεν, ἀρχὴν τοῦ καλῶς βιῶναι τὸ καλῶς ἀκοῦσαι νομίζοντες.
If, therefore, there is need of any other precept for listening to another, we must also, remembering what has now been said, practice discovery together with learning, so that we may acquire not a sophistical or historical habit, but an inward and philosophical one, believing that listening well is the beginning of living well.