§16καὶ μὴν τῶν γε νουθεσιῶν καὶ τῶν ἐπιπλήξεων οὔτʼ ἀναλγήτως οὔτʼ ἀνάνδρως ἀκουστέον.
Indeed, one must listen to admonitions and reproofs neither with insensibility nor with cowardice.
οἱ γὰρ εὐκόλως καὶ ὀλιγώρως τὸ κακῶς ἀκούειν ὑπὸ τῶν φιλοσόφων φέροντες, ὥστε γελᾶν ἐλεγχόμενοι καὶ τοὺς ἐλέγχοντας ἐπαινεῖν, ὥσπερ οἱ παράσιτοι τοὺς τρέφοντας, ὅταν ὑπʼ αὐτῶν λοιδορῶνται, παντάπασιν ἰταμοὶ καὶ θρασεῖς ὄντες, οὐ καλὴν οὐδʼ ἀληθῆ διδόασιν ἀπόδειξιν ἀνδρείας τὴν ἀναισχυντίαν.
For those who bear being spoken ill of by philosophers easily and heedlessly, so as to laugh when refuted and praise those who refute them—just as parasites do to their feeders when insulted by them—being altogether reckless and bold, do not present their shamelessness as a noble or true demonstration of courage.
σκῶμμα μὲν γὰρ ἀνύβριστον ἐν παιδιᾷ τινι μετʼ εὐτραπελίας ἀφειμένον ἐνεγκεῖν ἀλύπως καὶ ἱλαρῶς οὐκ ἀγεννὲς οὐδʼ ἀπαίδευτον ἀλλʼ ἐλευθέριον πάνυ καὶ Λακωνικόν ἐστιν· ἐπαφῆς δὲ καὶ νουθεσίας πρὸς ἐπανόρθωσιν ἤθους ὥσπερ φαρμάκῳ δάκνοντι λόγῳ χρωμένης ἐλέγχοντι μὴ συνεσταλμένον ἀκούειν μηδʼ ἱδρῶτος καὶ ἰλίγγου μεστόν, αἰσχύνῃ φλεγόμενον τὴν ψυχήν, ἀλλʼ ἄτρεπτον καὶ σεσηρότα καὶ κατειρωνευόμενον, ἀνελευθέρου τινὸς δεινῶς καὶ ἀπαθοῦς πρὸς τὸ αἰδεῖσθαι νέου διὰ συνήθειαν ἁμαρτημάτων καὶ συνέχειαν, ὥσπερ ἐν σκληρᾷ σαρκὶ καὶ τυλώδει τῇ ψυχῇ μώλωπα μὴ λαμβάνοντος.
For to bear without pain and with cheerfulness an insult-free jest, let loose in some play with wit, is not ungenerous or uneducated, but entirely gentlemanly and Spartan; but, when a touch or admonition uses a refuting discourse like a biting drug for the correction of character, not to listen in a shrinking manner, nor full of sweat and dizziness with the soul burning with shame, but unmoved, grinning, and dissembling, is the mark of a young man who is terribly illiberal and passionless towards feeling shame because of the habit and continuity of his sins, as if he does not receive a bruise in his soul, which is like hard and calloused flesh.
τούτων δὲ τοιούτων ὄντων οἱ τὴν ἐναντίαν διάθεσιν ἔχοντες νέοι κἂν ἅπαξ ποτὲ ἀκούσωσι κακῶς, φεύγοντες ἀνεπιστρεπτὶ καὶ δραπετεύοντες ἐκ φιλοσοφίας, καλὴν ἀρχὴν πρὸς τὸ σωθῆναι τὸ αἰδεῖσθαι παρὰ τῆς φύσεως ἔχοντες, ἀπολλύουσι διὰ τρυφὴν καὶ μαλακίαν, οὐκ ἐγκαρτεροῦντες τοῖς ἐλέγχοις οὐδὲ τὰς ἐπανορθώσεις δεχόμενοι γεννικῶς, ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ τὰς προσηνεῖς καὶ ἁπαλὰς ἀποστρέφοντες ὁμιλίας τὰ ὦτα, κολάκων τινῶν ἢ σοφιστῶν ἀνωφελεῖς καὶ ἀνονήτους ἡδείας δὲ φωνὰς κατᾳδόντων.
Since these things are so, those young men who have the opposite disposition, if they hear themselves spoken ill of even once, fleeing without turning back and running away from philosophy, although they have from nature a noble beginning for salvation, namely the capacity to feel shame, they destroy it through luxury and softness, not enduring refutations nor receiving corrections generously, but turning away their ears to pleasant and soft conversations, of certain flatterers or sophists who sing to them useless and unprofitable but sweet voices.
ὥσπερ οὖν ὁ μετὰ τὴν τομὴν φεύγων τὸν ἰατρὸν καὶ τὸν ἐπίδεσμον μὴ προσιέμενος τὸ μὲν ἀλγεινὸν ἀνεδέξατο, τὸ δʼ ὠφέλιμον οὐχ ὑπέμεινε τῆς θεραπείας, οὕτως ὁ τῷ χαράξαντι καὶ τρώσαντι λόγῳ τὴν ἀβελτερίαν ἀπουλῶσαι καὶ καταστῆσαι μὴ παρασχὼν ἀπῆλθε δηχθεὶς καὶ ἀλγήσας ἐκ φιλοσοφίας, ὠφεληθεὶς δὲ μηδέν.
Just as, therefore, he who flees the physician after an incision and does not admit the bandage, has received the painful part but has not endured the beneficial part of the treatment, so he who does not permit the word that lanced and wounded him to scar over and restore his folly, departs stung and pained from philosophy, having benefited nothing.
οὐ γὰρ μόνον, ὡς Εὐριπίδης φησί, τὸ Τηλέφου τραῦμα
"
πριστοῖσι λόγχης θέλγεται ῥινήμασιν
"
ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν ἐκ φιλοσοφίας ἐμφυόμενον εὐφυέσι νέοις δηγμὸν αὐτὸς ὁ τρώσας λόγος ἰᾶται.
For not only, as Euripides says, is Telephus' wound "soothed by the scraped filings of the spear," but also the sting that arises from philosophy in well-endowed youth is cured by the very discourse that wounded.
διὸ δεῖ πάσχειν μέν τι καὶ δάκνεσθαι, μὴ συντρίβεσθαι δὲ μηδʼ ἀθυμεῖν τὸν ἐλεγχόμενον, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ ἐν τελετῇ κατηργμένης αὐτοῦ φιλοσοφίας τοὺς πρώτους καθαρμοὺς καὶ θορύβους ἀνασχόμενον ἐλπίζειν τι γλυκὺ καὶ λαμπρὸν ἐκ τῆς παρούσης ἀδημονίας καὶ ταραχῆς.
Therefore, the one who is refuted must feel something and be stung, but must not be crushed or lose heart, but, as in an initiation, since philosophy has begun for him, enduring the first purifications and turmoils, he should expect something sweet and bright from the present anxiety and confusion.
καὶ γὰρ ἂν ἀδίκως ἡ ἐπιτίμησις γίγνεσθαι δοκῇ, καλὸν ἀνασχέσθαι καὶ διακαρτερῆσαι λέγοντος· παυσαμένῳ δʼ αὐτὸν ἐντυχεῖν ἀπολογούμενον καὶ δεόμενον τὴν παρρησίαν ἐκείνην καὶ τὸν τόνον, ᾧ νῦν κέχρηται πρὸς αὐτόν, εἴς τι τῶν ἀληθῶς ἁμαρτανομένων φυλάττειν.
For even if the censure seems to be made unjustly, it is good to endure and bear up while he is speaking; and when he has ceased, to approach him, making one's defense and entreating him to reserve that frankness and intensity, which he now used against him, for some of his true errors.
§17ἔτι τοίνυν ὥσπερ ἐν γράμμασι καὶ περὶ λύραν καὶ παλαίστραν αἱ πρῶται μαθήσεις πολὺν ἔχουσι θόρυβον καὶ πόνον καὶ ἀσάφειαν, εἶτα προιόντι κατὰ μικρὸν ὥσπερ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους συνήθεια πολλὴ καὶ γνῶσις ἐγγενομένη πάντα φίλα καὶ χειροήθη καὶ ῥᾴδια λέγειν τε καὶ πράττειν παρέσχεν, οὕτω δὴ καὶ φιλοσοφίας ἐχούσης τι καὶ γλίσχρον ἀμέλει καὶ ἀσύνηθες ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις ὀνόμασι καὶ πράγμασιν οὐ δεῖ φοβηθέντα τὰς ἀρχὰς ψοφοδεῶς καὶ ἀτόλμως ἐγκαταλιπεῖν, ἀλλὰ πειρώμενον ἑκάστου καὶ προσλιπαροῦντα καὶ γλιχόμενον τοῦ πρόσω τὴν πᾶν τὸ καλὸν ἡδὺ ποιοῦσαν ἀναμένειν συνήθειαν.
Furthermore, then, just as in letters, and concerning the lyre and the wrestling-school, the first lessons have much confusion, labor, and obscurity, but then, as one proceeds, little by little, just as toward human beings, a great familiarity and knowledge arising renders everything friendly, manageable, and easy to speak and to do; so indeed, though philosophy also has something difficult and unfamiliar in its first terms and subject matters, one must not, fearing the beginnings, like a coward and without courage, abandon it, but, trying each thing, persisting, and longing for what is ahead, wait for the familiarity that makes every noble thing pleasant.
ἥξει γὰρ οὐ διὰ μακροῦ πολὺ φῶς ἐπιφέρουσα τῇ μαθήσει καὶ δεινοὺς ἔρωτας ἐνδιδοῦσα πρὸς τὴν ἀρετήν, ὧν ἄνευ πάνυ τλήμονος ἀνδρός ἐστιν ἢ δειλοῦ τὸν ἄλλον ὑπομένειν βίον, ἐκπεσόντα διʼ ἀνανδρίαν φιλοσοφίας.
For it will come before long, bringing much light to learning and instilling powerful loves for virtue, without which it is the part of an utterly wretched or cowardly man to endure the rest of life, having fallen away from philosophy through unmanliness.
ἴσως μὲν οὖν ἔχει τι καὶ τὰ πράγματα τοῖς ἀπείροις καὶ νέοις ἐν ἀρχῇ δυσκατανόητον· οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τῇ γε πλείστῃ περιπίπτουσιν ἀσαφείᾳ καὶ ἀγνοίᾳ διʼ αὑτούς, ἀπʼ ἐναντίων φύσεων ταὐτὸν ἁμαρτάνοντες.
Perhaps, then, the subjects themselves also have something difficult to understand at the beginning for the inexperienced and the young; nevertheless, they fall into the greatest obscurity and ignorance through themselves, committing the same error from opposite natures.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ αἰσχύνῃ τινὶ καὶ φειδοῖ τοῦ λέγοντος ὀκνοῦντες ἀνερέσθαι καὶ βεβαιώσασθαι τὸν λόγον, ὡς ἔχοντες ἐν νῷ συνεπινεύουσιν, οἱ δʼ ὑπὸ φιλοτιμίας ἀώρου καὶ κενῆς πρὸς ἑτέρους ἁμίλλης ὀξύτητα καὶ δύναμιν εὐμαθείας ἐπιδεικνύμενοι, πρὶν ἢ λαβεῖν ἔχειν ὁμολογοῦντες, οὐ λαμβάνουσιν.
For some, through a certain shame and consideration for the speaker, hesitating to ask again and to confirm the discourse, nod assent as if they had it in mind; while others, by an untimely ambition and empty rivalry with others, displaying their quickness and power of learning, confessing to have it before they grasp it, do not grasp it.
εἶτα συμβαίνει τοῖς μὲν αἰδήμοσι καὶ σιωπηλοῖς ἐκείνοις, ὅταν ἀπέλθωσι, λυπεῖν αὑτοὺς καὶ ἀπορεῖσθαι, καὶ τέλος αὖθις ὑπʼ ἀνάγκης ἐλαυνομένους σὺν αἰσχύνῃ μείζονι τοῖς εἰποῦσιν ἐνοχλεῖν ἀναπυνθανομένους καὶ μεταθέοντας, τοῖς δὲ φιλοτίμοις καὶ θρασέσιν ἀεὶ περιστέλλειν καὶ ἀποκρύπτειν συνοικοῦσαν τὴν ἀμαθίαν.
Then it happens to those shameful and silent ones, when they depart, that they pain themselves and are at a loss, and finally, driven again by necessity, with greater shame they trouble the speakers, asking again and running after them; while to the ambitious and bold ones, it happens that they always veil and conceal the ignorance that dwells with them.