Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Life of Otho §18.1-18.4

Otho's Epitaph and the Soldiers' Surrender

Passage 18 of 18 · Greek

Summary

Otho died at the age of thirty-seven with a modest tomb, remembered for a noble death despite a life like Nero's. The soldiers resisted swearing allegiance to Vitellius and sought Verginius's leadership, but he secretly escaped, leading them to surrender.

§18.1τὰ μὲν οὖν ἄλλα καιρὸν οἰκεῖον ἔχει λεχθῆναι· κρύψαντες δὲ τῇ γῇ τὰ λείψανα τοῦ Ὄθωνος οὔτε μεγέθει σήματος οὔτʼ ἐπιγραφῆς ὄγκῳ τὸν τάφον ἐποίησαν ἐπίφθονον.
Other matters, then, have their own proper time to be told; and when they had buried the remains of Otho in the earth, they made his tomb neither conspicuous for the size of its monument nor for the grandeur of its inscription.
εἶδον δὲ ἐν Βριξίλλῳ γενόμενος καὶ μνῆμα μέτριον καὶ τὴν ἐπιγραφὴν οὕτως ἔχουσαν, εἰ μεταφρασθείη· δηλώσει Μάρκου Ὄθωνος. §18.2ἀπέθανε δὲ Ὄθων ἔτη μὲν ἑπτὰ καὶ τριάκοντα βιώσας, ἄρξας δὲ τρεῖς μῆνας, ἀπολιπὼν δὲ μὴ χείρονας μηδʼ ἐλάττους τῶν τὸν βίον αὐτοῦ ψεγόντων τούς ἐπαινοῦντας τὸν θάνατον, βιώσας γὰρ οὐδὲν ἐπιεικέστερον Νέρωνος ἀπέθανεν εὐγενέστερον. §18.3οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται Πολλίωνος τοῦ ἑτέρου τῶν ἐπάρχων ὀμνύειν εὐθὺς εἰς τὸν Οὐϊτέλλιον κελεύσαντος ἐδυσχέραινον· καὶ πυθόμενοι τῶν συγκλητικῶν ἐνίους ἔτι παρεῖναι τούς μὲν ἄλλους ἀφῆκαν, Οὐεργινίῳ δὲ Ῥούφῳ πράγματα παρεῖχον ἅμα τοῖς ὅπλοις ἐλθόντες ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν καὶ κατακαλοῦντες αὖθις καὶ κελεύοντες ἄρχειν ἢ πρεσβεύειν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν.
I myself saw, when I was at Brixillum, both a modest monument and an inscription which, if translated, runs thus:\n'To the memory of Marcus Otho.'\n Otho died having lived thirty-seven years, and having ruled for three months, leaving behind those who praised his death as neither worse nor fewer than those who censured his life; for having lived no better than Nero, he died more nobly.\n But the soldiers were indignant when Pollio, the other of the prefects, ordered them to swear allegiance immediately to Vitellius; and learning that some of the senators were still present, they let the others go, but they harassed Verginius Rufus, coming with arms to his house, and calling him out repeatedly and demanding that he should rule or go as an ambassador on their behalf.\n But he, having previously refused to accept the empire from the victors, thought it madness to take it from the vanquished, and he was afraid to go as an ambassador to the Germans, who thought they had been forced by him to do many things against their will; and so he secretly escaped through another door.
§18.4ὁ δὲ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἡττωμένων παραλαβεῖν, νενικηκότων πρότερον μὴ θελήσας, μανικὸν ἡγεῖτο πρεσβεύειν δὲ πρὸς τούς Γερμανοὺς δεδιώς, πολλὰ βεβιάσθαι παρὰ γνώμην ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ δοκοῦντας, ἔλαθε διʼ ἑτέρων θυρῶν ἐκποδὼν ποιήσας ἑαυτόν. ὡς δὲ τοῦτο ἔγνωσαν οἱ στρατιῶται, τούς τε ὅρκους ἐδέξαντο καὶ τοῖς περὶ τὸν Κεκίναν προσέθεντο συγγνώμης τυχόντες.
When the soldiers learned this, they took the oaths and joined the party of Caecina, having obtained pardon.

Notes

  1. 18.1δηλώσει — This is likely a translation of a Latin tombstone formula such as "Memoriae" (To the memory of) or "Dis Manibus", translated into Greek rather awkwardly as the dative of δήλωσις ("indication", "declaration"), functioning as a dative of purpose or reference ("To the memory of Marcus Otho" / "For the indication of Marcus Otho").
  2. 18.2ἀπολιπὼν δὲ μὴ χείρονας μηδʼ ἐλάττους τῶν τὸν βίον αὐτοῦ ψεγόντων τούς ἐπαινοῦντας τὸν θάνατον — The comparative adjectives `χείρονας` and `ἐλάττους` (worse and fewer) compare the genitive agent `τῶν τὸν βίον αὐτοῦ ψεγόντων` (those who censured his life) with the direct object `τούς ἐπαινοῦντας τὸν θάνατον` (those who praised his death). The structure means "leaving behind those who praised his death as neither inferior in quality nor fewer in number than those who blamed his life."
  3. 18.4ἔλαθε ... ἐκποδὼν ποιήσας ἑαυτόν — An idiomatic construction where the verb `λανθάνω` (here `ἔλαθε`) takes a participle (`ποιήσας`) to express that the subject did the action of the participle secretly or without being noticed ("he secretly removed himself" / "he escaped notice by slipping away").

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Otho §18.1-18.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg066.humanitext-grc2:18.1-18.4

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