Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Life of Sertorius §10.1-10.4

Invitation of the Lusitanians and Sertorius' Character

Passage 10 of 27 · Greek

Summary

On Sertorius being invited by the Lusitanians to take command due to his noble character and tactical skill, along with the author's reflection on his late-life cruelty and change of character.

§10.1ἐντεῦθεν ὅποι χρὴ τραπέσθαι βουλευόμενον ἐκάλουν Λυσιτανοὶ πρέσβεις πέμψαντες ἐφʼ ἡγεμονίᾳ, πάντως μὲν ἄρχοντος ἀξίωμα μέγα καὶ ἐμπειρίαν ἔχοντος δεόμενοι πρὸς τὸν ἀπὸ Ῥωμαίων φόβον, ἐκείνῳ δὲ πιστεύοντες αὑτοὺς μόνῳ πυνθανόμενοι παρὰ τῶν συγγεγονότων τὸ ἦθος αὐτοῦ.
From there, while he was deliberating whither he ought to turn, the Lusitanians sent ambassadors and invited him to take the command. For they stood in absolute need of a leader of great reputation and experience to meet their fear of the Romans, and they trusted themselves to him alone, having learned of his character from those who had been acquainted with him.
§10.2λέγεται δὲ ὁ Σερτώριος οὔτε ὑφʼ ἡδονῆς οὔτε ὑπὸ δέους εὐάλωτος γενέσθαι, φύσει δὲ ἀνέκπληκτος ὢν παρὰ τὰ δεινά καὶ μέτριος εὐτυχίαν ἐνεγκεῖν· καὶ πρὸς μὲν εὐθυμαχίαν οὐδενὸς ἀτολμότερος τῶν καθʼ ἑαυτὸν ἡγεμόνων, ὅσα δὲ κλωπείας ἐν πολέμοις ἔργα καὶ πλεονεξίας περὶ τόπους ἐχυροὺς καὶ διαβάσεις τάχους δεομένας ἀπάτης τε καὶ ψευδῶν ἐν δέοντι, σοφιστὴς δεινότατος.
It is said that Sertorius was vulnerable neither to pleasure nor to fear, being by nature undaunted in the face of dangers, and moderate in bearing good fortune; and while in open fighting he was as bold as any commander of his time, in all tasks of stealth in war, in securing advantages in strong positions and crossings that required speed, and in using deceit and falsehood at the proper time, he was a most skillful master.
§10.3ἐν δὲ ταῖς τιμαῖς τῶν ἀνδραγαθημάτων δαψιλὴς φαινόμενος, περὶ τὰς τιμωρίας ἐμετρίαζε τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων, καίτοι δοκεῖ περὶ τὸν ἔσχατον αὐτοῦ βίον ὠμότητος καὶ βαρυθυμίας τὸ περὶ τοὺς ὁμήρους πραχθὲν ἔργον ἐπιδεῖξαι τὴν φύσιν οὐκ οὖσαν ἥμερον, ἀλλʼ ἐπαμπεχομένην λογισμῷ διὰ τὴν ἀνάγκην.
While he appeared lavish in rewarding brave deeds, he was moderate in punishing errors; and yet, the deed committed against the hostages near the end of his life seems to show that his nature was not gentle, but was only masked by reason through necessity.
§10.4ἐμοὶ δὲ ἀρετὴν μὲν εἰλικρινῆ καὶ κατὰ λόγον συνεστῶσαν οὐκ ἄν ποτε δοκεῖ τύχη τις ἐκστῆσαι πρὸς τοὐναντίον, ἄλλως δὲ προαιρέσεις καὶ φύσεις χρηστὰς ὑπὸ συμφορῶν μεγάλων παρʼ ἀξίαν κακωθείσας οὐκ ἀδύνατον τῷ δαίμονι συμμεταβαλεῖν τὸ ἦθος.
But to me it seems that a sincere virtue, established on reason, could never be driven to its opposite by any fortune; on the other hand, it is not impossible that good purposes and natures, when unworthily damaged by great misfortunes, should change their character together with their deity.
ὃ καὶ Σερτώριον οἶμαι παθεῖν ἤδη τῆς τύχης αὐτὸν ἐπιλειπούσης, ἐκτραχυνόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων γινομένων πονηρῶν πρὸς τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας.
And this is what I think Sertorius suffered, when his fortune was already failing him, being made harsh by the turn of his affairs for the worse against those who did him wrong.

Notes

  1. 10.1βουλευόμενον — An accusative present participle, modifying the omitted direct object αὐτόν (him) of the main verb ἐκάλουν (they invited). It governs the indirect question clause ὅποι χρὴ τραπέσθαι (whither he ought to turn).
  2. 10.2μέτριος εὐτυχίαν ἐνεγκεῖν — The aorist infinitive ἐνεγκεῖν (to bear) functions as an epexegetical (or qualifying) infinitive modifying the adjective μέτριος (moderate). The accusative εὐτυχίαν (good fortune) is its object, meaning "moderate in bearing good fortune."
  3. 10.4οὐκ ἄν ποτε δοκεῖ τύχη τις ἐκστῆσαι — The particle ἄν goes with the infinitive ἐκστῆσαι (to divert/drive away), expressing potentiality (equivalent to οὐκ ἄν ἐκστήσειε). δοκεῖ is used almost parenthetically, while the infinitive ἐκστῆσαι has the nominative τύχη τις as its subject and the accusative ἀρετήν as its object.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Sertorius §10.1-10.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg042.humanitext-grc2:10.1-10.4

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