Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Life of Flamininus §5.1-5.6

Macedonian Rout and the Winning of Greek Support

Passage 5 of 21 · Greek

Summary

Titus and the Roman army defeat the Macedonians, secure the Pass, and march through Epirus with disciplined restraint, leading Greek cities and the Achaean League to ally with Rome. Titus's cultured demeanor and his generous peace terms convince the Greeks that the Romans have come as their liberators.

§5.1φυγὴ μὲν οὖν ἦν εὐθὺς ὀξεῖα πάντων, ἔπεσον δὲ δισχιλίων οὐ πλείους· ἀφῃροῦντο γὰρ αἱ δυσχωρίαι τήν δίωξιν.
Thus there was immediately a sharp flight of all, and not more than two thousand fell; for the difficult terrain prevented pursuit.
χρήματα δὲ καὶ σκηνὰς καὶ θεράποντας οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι διαρπάσαντες ἐκράτουν τῶν Στενῶν, καὶ διώδευον τήν Ἤπειρον οὕτω κοσμίως καὶ μετʼ ἐγκρατείας τοσαύτης ὥστε, τῶν πλοίων καὶ τῆς θαλάσσης μακρὰν ὄντας αὐτούς, καὶ τὸν ἐπιμήνιον σῖτον μὴ μεμετρημένους οὐδʼ εὐποροῦντας ἀγρορᾶς, ἀπέχεσθαι τῆς χώρας ἀμφιλαφεῖς ὠφελείας ἐχούσης.
And the Romans, having plundered the baggage, tents, and servants, made themselves masters of the Pass, and marched through Epirus so orderly and with such great self-restraint that, although they were far from their ships and the sea, and had not been measured out their monthly grain nor had abundance of market, they abstained from the country which offered abundant spoils.
§5.2ὁ γὰρ Τίτος πυνθανόμενος τὸν Φίλιππον, ὡς ὅμοια φεύγοντι τήν Θετταλίαν διερχόμενος τοὺς μὲν ἀνθρώπους ἐκ τῶν πόλεων ἀνίστησιν εἰς τὰ ὄρη, τὰς δὲ πόλεις καταπίμπρησι, τῶν δὲ χρημάτων τὰ λειπόμενα διὰ πλῆθος ἢ βάρος ἁρπαγὴν προτίθεται, τρόπον τινὰ τῆς χώρας ἐξιστάμενος ἤδη Ῥωμαίοις, ἐφιλοτιμεῖτο καὶ παρεκάλει τοὺς στρατιώτας ὥσπερ οἰκείας καὶ παρακεχωρημένης κηδομένους βαδίζειν.
For Titus, hearing that Philip, passing through Thessaly in a manner like one fleeing, was removing the people from the cities to the mountains and burning the cities, and exposing for plunder the remainder of the goods because of their abundance or weight, as if already in a way withdrawing from the country in favor of the Romans, took pride and exhorted his soldiers to march while caring for it as if it were their own and had been ceded to them.
§5.3καὶ μέντοι καὶ παρεῖχεν αὐτοῖς τὰ γινόμενα τῆς εὐταξίας αἴσθησιν εὐθύς, προσεχώρουν μὲν γὰρ αἱ πόλεις ἁψαμένοις Θετταλίας, οἱ δʼ ἐντὸς Πυλῶν Ἕλληνες ἐπόθουν καὶ διεπτόηντο ταῖς ὁρμαῖς πρὸς τὸν Τίτον, Ἀχαιοὶ δὲ τήν Φιλίππου συμμαχίαν ἀπειπάμενοι πολεμεῖν ἐψηφίσαντο μετὰ ʼ Ῥωμαίων πρὸς αὐτόν.
And indeed, what happened immediately gave them a sense of their good discipline; for the cities submitted as soon as they touched Thessaly, and the Greeks within Pylae longed for Titus and were excited with impulses toward him, while the Achaeans, having renounced their alliance with Philip, voted to wage war against him in cooperation with the Romans.
§5.4Ὀπούντιοι δέ, καίπερ Αἰτωλῶν τότε Ῥωμαίοις συναγωνιζομένων προθυμότατα καὶ τήν πόλιν ἀξιούντων παραλαβεῖν καὶ φυλάττειν, οὐ προσέσχον, ἀλλὰ μεταπεμψάμενοι τὸν Τίτον ἐκείνῳ διεπίστευσαν ἑαυτοὺς καὶ παρέδωκαν.
And the Opuntians, although the Aetolians were then cooperating most eagerly with the Romans and demanding to receive and guard their city, paid no attention to them, but having sent for Titus, entrusted themselves and surrendered to him.
Πύρρον μὲν οὖν λέγουσιν, ὅτε πρῶτον ἀπὸ σκοπῆς κατεῖδε τὸ στράτευμα τῶν Ῥωμαίων διακεκοσμημένον, εἰπεῖν οὐ βαρβαρικὴν αὐτῷ φανῆναι τήν τῶν βαρβάρων παράταξιν οἱ δὲ Τίτῳ πρῶτον ἐντυγχάνοντες ἠναγκάζοντο παραπλησίας ἀφιέναι φωνάς.
Now they say that Pyrrhus, when he first saw from a lookout point the army of the Romans in battle array, said that the disposition of the barbarians did not appear barbarian to him; and those who first met Titus were forced to utter similar words.
§5.5ἀκούοντες γὰρ τῶν Μακεδόνων ὡς ἄνθρωπος ἄρχων βαρβάρου στρατιᾶς ἔπεισι διʼ ὅπλων πάντα καταστρεφόμενος καὶ δουλούμενος, εἶτα ἀπαντῶντες ἀνδρὶ τήν τε ἡλικίαν νέῳ καὶ τήν ὄψιν φιλανθρώπῳ, φωνήν τε καὶ διάλεκτον Ἕλληνι καὶ τιμῆς ἀληθοῦς ἐραστῇ, θαυμασίως ἐκηλοῦντο, καὶ τὰς πόλεις ἀπιόντες ἐνεπίμπλασαν εὐνοίας τῆς πρὸς αὐτόν ὡς ἐχούσας ἡγεμόνα τῆς ἐλευθερίας.
For having heard from the Macedonians that a man leading a barbarian army was coming upon them subduing and enslaving everything by force of arms, and then meeting a man young in age, humane in appearance, Greek in voice and dialect, and a lover of true honor, they were wonderfully charmed, and as they went away, they filled their cities with goodwill toward him, as having a leader of their liberty.
§5.6ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ Φιλίππῳ δοκοῦντι συμβατικῶς ἔχειν εἰς ταὐτὸν ἐλθὼν προὔτεινεν εἰρήνην καὶ φιλίαν ἐπὶ τῷ τοὺς Ἕλληνας αὐτονόμους ἐᾶν καὶ τὰς φρουρὰς ἀπαλλάττειν, ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἐδέξατο, παντάπασιν ἤδη τότε καὶ τοῖς θεραπεύουσι τὰ τοῦ Φιλίππου παρέστη Ῥωμαίους πολεμήσοντας ἥκειν οὐχ Ἕλλησιν, ἀλλʼ ὑπὲρ Ἑλλήνων Μακεδόσι.
And when, having met with Philip who seemed inclined to make terms, he proposed peace and friendship on the condition of leaving the Greeks autonomous and withdrawing the garrisons, and Philip did not accept, then indeed it became completely clear even to those who favored Philip's cause that the Romans had come to make war not upon the Greeks, but upon the Macedonians on behalf of the Greeks.

Notes

  1. ¦p.334¦ὥστε, τῶν πλοίων ... ἀπέχεσθαι — This is a result clause introduced by `ὥστε`, where the main verb is the infinitive `ἀπέχεσθαι` (to abstain). Its subject accusative is `αὐτούς` (the Romans). Connected to `αὐτούς` are three participles: `ὄντας` (being), `μεμετρημένους` (having been measured out), and `εὐποροῦντας` (having abundance), all of which function in a concessive sense ("although...").
  2. §5.2πυνθανόμενος τὸν Φίλιππον, ὡς — An instance of prolepsis (anticipation). The noun `τὸν Φίλιππον`, which logically functions as the subject of the subordinate clause, is pulled forward as the direct object (in the accusative) of the participle `πυνθανόμενος` (hearing), while the details of his actions are described in the subsequent `ὡς` clause.
  3. §5.3ἁψαμένοις Θετταλίας — The verb `ἅπτομαι` (to touch, set foot on) governs the genitive case, here `Θετταλίας`. The dative participle `ἁψαμένοις` (referring to the Romans) functions either temporally ("as soon as they set foot on Thessaly") or as a dative of reference/interest with the main verb `προσεχώρουν` (submitted/surrendered).
  4. ¦p.aris.1624.372¦παρέστη Ῥωμαίοις ... ἥκειν — The verb `παρέστη` is used impersonally ("it occurred to/became clear to"), taking the infinitive phrase with an accusative subject as its logical subject. Although the text reads the dative `Ῥωμαίοις`, it is best understood either as a scribal error for the accusative `Ῥωμαίους` (the subject of `ἥκειν`) or as a dative of reference, meaning "it became clear [to Philip's supporters] that the Romans had come [to make war]..."

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Flamininus §5.1-5.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg028.humanitext-grc2:5.1-5.6

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