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Plutarch · Life of Flamininus §15.1-15.5

Intervention against Antiochus and Truce for the Aetolians

Passage 15 of 21 · Greek

Summary

In response to Antiochus' invasion of Greece, Rome dispatches the consul Manius along with Titus as an envoy to secure the allegiance of the Greek cities. Following the victory, Titus intervenes to curb Manius's severe siege of Naupactus and Philip's territorial gains, successfully negotiating a truce for the besieged Aetolians.

§15.1ἐπεὶ δὲ ὁ Ἀντίοχος εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ναυσὶ πολλαῖς καὶ στρατῷ περαιωθεὶς ἀφίστη τὰς πόλεις καὶ διεστασίαζεν, Αἰτωλῶν αὐτῷ συνεπιλαμβανομένων καὶ πάλαι διακειμένων πρὸς τὸν Ῥωμαίων δῆμον ἐχθρῶς καὶ πολεμικῶς, ὑπόθεσιν τοῦ πολέμου καὶ πρόφασιν διδόντων ἐλευθεροῦν τοὺς Ἕλληνας οὐδὲν δεομένους (ἐλεύθεροι γὰρ ἦσαν), §15.2ἀλλʼ εὐπρεπεστέρας αἰτίας ἀπορίᾳ τῷ καλλίστῳ τῶν ὀνομάτων χρῆσθαι διδασκόντων, καὶ σφόδρα δείσαντες οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι τὴν ἀνάστασιν καὶ δόξαν αὐτοῦ τῆς δυνάμεως, στρατηγὸν μὲν ὕπατον τοῦ πολέμου Μάνιον Ἀκίλιον κατέπεμψαν, πρεσβευτὴν δὲ Τίτον διὰ τοὺς Ἕλληνας, ὧν τοὺς μὲν εὐθὺς ὀφθεὶς ἐποίησε βεβαιοτέρους, τοὺς δὲ ἀρχομένους νοσεῖν ὥσπερ τι ἐν καιρῷ φάρμακον ἐνδιδοὺς τὴν πρὸς αὑτὸν εὔνοιαν ἔστησε καὶ διεκώλυσεν ἐξαμαρτεῖν.
But when Antiochus crossed over into Greece with many ships and an army, causing the cities to revolt and exciting factions, while the Aetolians actively assisted him—who had long been hostilely and belligerently disposed towards the Roman people, and who offered him as a ground and pretext for the war the liberation of the Greeks, although they had no need of it (for they were already free), but rather, in default of a more plausible reason, instructed him to make use of the fairest of names—the Romans, greatly fearing his rise and the reputation of his power, sent out Manius Acilius as consul and commander for the war, and Titus as embassy on account of the Greeks; of whom, some Titus made more secure in their allegiance immediately upon being seen, and others, who were beginning to grow disaffected, he steadied and prevented from falling into error by administering, like a timely medicine, goodwill towards himself.
§15.3ὀλίγοι δὲ αὑτὸν ἐξέφυγον ἤδη προκατειλημμένοι καὶ διεφθαρμένοι παντάπασιν ὑπὸ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν, οὓς καίπερ ὀργισθεὶς καὶ παροξυνθεὶς ὅμως μετὰ τὴν μάχην περιεποίησεν.
But a few escaped him, having already been preoccupied and utterly corrupted by the Aetolians, whom, nevertheless, although he was angry and provoked, he protected after the battle.
Ἀντίοχος γὰρ ἡττηθεὶς ἐν Θερμοπύλαις καὶ φυγὼν εὐθὺς εἰς Ἀσίαν ἀπέπλευσε, Μάνιος δʼ ὁ ὕπατος τοὺς μὲν αὐτὸς ἐπιὼν τῶν Αἰτωλῶν ἐπολιόρκει, τοὺς δὲ τῷ βασιλεῖ Φιλίππῳ συνεχώρησεν ἐξαιρεῖν.
For Antiochus, having been defeated at Thermopylae and put to flight, immediately sailed away to Asia, and Manius the consul besieged some of the Aetolians himself by marching against them, and permitted King Philip to conquer others.
§15.4ἀγομένων δὲ καὶ φερομένων ὑπὸ τοῦ Μακεδόνος τοῦτο μὲν Δολόπων καὶ Μαγνήτων, τοῦτο δὲ Ἀθαμάνων καὶ Ἀπεραντῶν, αὐτοῦ δὲ τοῦ Μανίου τὴν μὲν Ἡράκλειαν διαπεπορθηκότος, τὴν δὲ Ναύπακτον Αἰτωλῶν ἐχόντων πολιορκοῦντος, οἰκτείρων τοὺς Ἕλληνας ὁ Τίτος διέπλευσεν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου πρὸς τὸν ὕπατον.
Now, while the Dolopians and Magnetes on the one hand, and the Athamanes and Aperantians on the other, were being plundered and carried off by the Macedonian, and while Manius himself, having thoroughly sacked Heraclea, was besieging Naupactus which the Aetolians held, Titus, taking pity on the Greeks, sailed across from the Peloponnese to the consul.
καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἐπετίμησεν εἰ νενικηκὼς αὐτὸς τὰ ἔπαθλα τοῦ πολέμου Φίλιππον ἐᾷ φέρεσθαι, καὶ τριβόμενος περὶ μιᾷ πόλει κάθηται διʼ ὀργήν, ἔθνη δὲ οὐκ ὀλίγα καὶ βασιλείας Μακεδόνες αἱροῦσιν.
And first he reproached him, asking if, though he himself had won the victory, he was allowing Philip to carry off the prizes of the war, and was sitting there wasting time around a single city out of anger, while the Macedonians were taking not a few nations and kingdoms.
§15.5ἔπειτα τῶν πολιορκουμένων, ὡς εἶδον αὑτὸν, ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους ἀνακαλούντων καὶ χεῖρας ὀρεγόντων καὶ δεομένων, τότε μὲν οὐδὲν εἰπών, ἀλλὰ στραφεὶς καὶ δακρύσας ἀπῆλθεν, ὕστερον δὲ διαλεχθεὶς τῷ Μανίῳ καὶ καταπαύσας τὸν θυμὸν αὐτοῦ διεπράξατο τοῖς Αἰτωλοῖς ἀνοχὰς δοθῆναι, καὶ χρόνον ἐν ᾧ πρεσβεύσαντες εἰς Ῥώμην μετρίου τινὸς τυχεῖν ἀξιώσουσι.
Next, when the besieged, as they saw him, called out to him from the wall, stretching out their hands and begging, at the time he said nothing, but turned away, wept, and departed; but later, having conversed with Manius and calmed his wrath, he succeeded in having a truce granted to the Aetolians, and a period of time during which they might send an embassy to Rome and ask to obtain some moderate terms.

Notes

  1. 15.1Αἰτωλῶν αὐτῷ συνεπιλαμβανομένων — A genitive absolute construction with the noun Αἰτωλῶν as its logical subject. It introduces a subject different from that of the main clause (οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι in §15.2) to describe the Aetolians' active cooperation with Antiochus.
  2. 15.1ἐλευθεροῦν τοὺς Ἕλληνας — A present infinitive phrase used substantively. It functions in apposition to or explains the content of the preceding nouns ὑπόθεσιν and πρόφασιν ("ground and pretext").
  3. 15.2τῷ καλλίστῳ τῶν ὀνομάτων χρῆσθαι διδασκόντων — The genitive participle διδασκόντων agrees with Αἰτωλῶν in the genitive absolute of §15.1. The infinitive χρῆσθαι is complementary to it and takes the dative phrase τῷ καλλίστῳ τῶν ὀνομάτων ("the fairest of names," i.e., "liberation/freedom") as its object, as governed by the verb χράομαι.
  4. 15.4ἀγομένων δὲ καὶ φερομένων — The passive voice of the common Greek idiom ἄγειν καὶ φέρειν ("to plunder and pillage"). Here it forms a genitive absolute construction with the tribes Δολόπων etc. as subjects, depicting the conquest and plundering of the neighboring tribes by King Philip.
  5. 15.4εἰ ... ἐᾷ — A subordinate clause introduced by the verb ἐπετίμησεν ("reproached"). Although formally a conditional clause (εἰ with indicative present), it functions here as an indirect question or a clause of emotion representing the ground or content of the reproach.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Flamininus §15.1-15.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg028.humanitext-grc2:15.1-15.5

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