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Plutarch · Life of Philopoemen §19.1-19.5

Imprisonment in Messene and the Achaean Rescue Plans

Passage 19 of 21 · Greek

Summary

Philopoemen is brought to Messene and imprisoned in a subterranean chamber called the 'Treasury,' provoking sympathy among the citizens, while the Achaean cavalry learns of his capture and prepares for a rescue expedition.

§19.1οἱ δʼ ἐν τῇ πόλει τῇ μὲν ἀγγελίᾳ θαυμαστῶς ἐπαρθέντες ἠθροίζοντο περὶ τὰς πύλας· ὡς δὲ εἶδον ἑλκόμενον τὸν Φιλοποίμενα παρʼ ἀξίαν τῆς τε δόξης καὶ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν ἔργων καὶ τροπαίων, ἠλέησαν οἱ πλεῖστοι καὶ συνήλγησαν, ὥστε καὶ δακρῦσαι καὶ τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην ἐκφλαυρίσαι δύναμιν ὡς ἄπιστον καὶ τὸ μηδὲν οὖσαν.
And those in the city, on the one hand, being wonderfully excited at the news, were gathering about the gates; but on the other hand, when they saw Philopoemen dragged along in a manner unworthy of his reputation and his former deeds and trophies, most of them pitied him and felt his suffering, so that they even wept and disparaged human power as something untrustworthy and being nothing.
§19.2οὕτω δὲ κατὰ μικρὸν εἰς πολλοὺς φιλάνθρωπος ἐχώρει λόγος ὡς μνημονευτέον εἴη τῶν πρόσθεν εὐεργεσιῶν, καὶ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἣν ἀπέδωκεν αὐτοῖς Νάβιν ἐξελάσας τὸν τύραννον.
And so, by degrees, a friendly feeling spread among many, saying that they ought to remember his former benefits, and the liberty which he had restored to them by expelling the tyrant Nabis.
ὀλίγοι δὲ ἦσαν οἳ τῷ Δεινοκράτει χαριζόμενοι στρεβλοῦν τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ κτείνειν ἐκέλευον ὡς βαρὺν πολέμιον καὶ δυσμείλικτον, αὐτῷ τε Δεινοκράτει φοβερώτερον εἰ διαφύγοι καθυβρισμένος ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ γεγονὼς αἰχμάλωτος.
But there were few who, to gratify Dinocrates, urged that they should torture and kill the man as a dangerous and implacable enemy, and one who would be more fearsome to Dinocrates himself if he should escape after being insulted by him and having been made a prisoner.
§19.3οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ κομίσαντες αὐτὸν εἰς τὸν καλούμενον Θησαυρόν, οἴκημα κατάγειον οὔτε πνεῦμα λαμβάνον οὔτε φῶς ἔξωθεν οὔτε θύρας ἔχον, ἀλλὰ μεγάλῳ λίθῳ περιαγομένῳ κατακλειόμενον, ἐνταῦθα κατέθεντο, καὶ τὸν λίθον ἐπιρράξαντες ἄνδρας ἐνόπλους κύκλῳ περιέστησαν.
Nevertheless, having brought him to the place called the Treasury, a subterranean chamber receiving neither air nor light from without, and having no doors, but being closed by a huge stone moved around, there they deposited him, and having banged the stone to, they placed armed men around it.
§19.4οἱ δʼ ἱππεῖς τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἐκ τῆς φυγῆς ἀναλαβόντες αὑτούς, ὡς οὐδαμοῦ φανερὸς ἦν ὁ Φιλοποίμην, ἀλλʼ ἐδόκει τεθνάναι, πολὺν μὲν χρόνον ἐπέστησαν ἀνακαλούμενοι τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ δίδοντες ἀλλήλοις λόγον ὡς αἰσχρὰν σωτηρίαν καὶ ἄδικον σῴζονται προέμενοι τοῖς πολεμίοις τὸν στρατηγόν ἀφειδήσαντα τοῦ ζῆν διʼ αὑτούς,
But the horsemen of the Achaeans, recovering themselves from their flight, since Philopoemen was nowhere to be seen but was thought to be dead, stood for a long time calling upon the man, and saying to one another that they were securing a shameful and unjust safety by abandoning to the enemy their general, who had been unsparing of his life for their sakes.
§19.5ἔπειτα προϊόντες ἅμα καὶ πολυπραγμονοῦντες ἐπύθοντο τὴν σύλληψιν αὐτοῦ καὶ διήγγελλον εἰς τὰς πόλεις τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, οἱ δὲ συμφορὰν ποιούμενοι μεγάλην ἀπαιτεῖν μὲν ἔγνωσαν τὸν ἄνδρα παρὰ τῶν Μεσσηνίων πρεσβείαν πέμψαντες, αὐτοὶ δὲ παρεσκευάζοντο στρατεύειν.
Then, as they went forward and at the same time made inquiries, they learned of his capture and sent word to the cities of the Achaeans; and they, regarding it as a great calamity, resolved to demand the man from the Messenians by sending an embassy, and at the same time prepared to take the field themselves.

Notes

  1. 19.1παρʼ ἀξίαν — The preposition παρά with the accusative means 'contrary to' or 'unworthily of.' Here it governs the genitive phrase τῆς τε δόξης... indicating the standard of worthiness: 'in a manner unworthy of his reputation...'
  2. 19.2ὡς μνημονευτέον εἴη — An indirect speech clause with the verbal adjective μνημονευτέον and the optative εἴη. Since the main verb ἐχώρει is past (imperfect), the optative is oblique, representing the contents of the rumor or opinion. The verbal adjective governs the genitive (τῶν πρόσθεν εὐεργεσιῶν).
  3. 19.2αὐτῷ τε Δεινοκράτει φοβερώτερον — αὐτῷ Δεινοκράτει is a dative of reference ('for Dinocrates himself'). φοβερώτερον is the neuter singular of the comparative adjective, serving as the apodosis of the condition εἰ διαφύγοι... ('if he should escape...'), functioning as an appositive clause or with an omitted participle like ὄν or ἐσόμενον, explaining the reason why they urged his execution.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Philopoemen §19.1-19.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg027.humanitext-grc2:19.1-19.5

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