Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Life of Philopoemen §17.1-17.4

Resistance to Roman Intervention and Exiles' Return

Passage 17 of 21 · Greek

Summary

During the Roman war against Antiochus in Greece, Philopoemen resisted the expanding Roman hegemony, criticized the accommodating stance of pro-Roman politicians, and resolutely blocked the intervention of Roman authorities in the repatriation of Lacedaemonian exiles to ensure it was resolved through Achaean initiative.

§17.1ἐπεὶ δὲ Ῥωμαίοις ὁ πρὸς Ἀντίοχον ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι συνέστη πόλεμος, ἦν μὲν ἰδιώτης ὁ Φιλοποίμην, ὁρῶν δὲ τὸν Ἀντίοχον αὐτὸν ἐν Χαλκίδι καθήμενον περὶ γάμους καὶ παρθένων ἔρωτας οὐ καθʼ ὥραν σχολάζοντα, τοὺς δὲ Σύρους ἐν ἀταξίᾳ πολλῇ καὶ χωρὶς ἡγεμόνων ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι πλαζομένους καὶ τρυφῶντας, ἤχθετο μὴ στρατηγῶν τότε τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, καὶ Ῥωμαίοις ἔλεγε φθονεῖν τῆς νίκης.
When the war against Antiochus arose for the Romans in Greece, Philopoemen was a private citizen. But seeing Antiochus himself staying in Chalcis, spending his time unseasonably on marriages and loves for young girls, and the Syrians wandering about the cities in great disorder without leaders and living in luxury, he was vexed at not being general of the Achaeans at that time, and said that he envied the Romans their victory.
ἐγὼ γὰρ ἂν, ἔφη, στρατηγῶν ἐν τοῖς καπηλείοις κατέκοψα τούτους πάντας. §17.2ἐπεὶ δὲ νικήσαντες οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι τὸν Ἀντίοχον ἐνεφύοντο τοῖς Ἑλληνικοῖς μᾶλλον ἤδη, καὶ περιεβάλλοντο τῇ δυνάμει τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς ὑποκατακλινομένων αὐτοῖς τῶν δημαγωγῶν, ἡ δʼ ἰσχὺς ἐπὶ πάντα πολλὴ μετὰ τοῦ δαίμονος ἐχώρει, καὶ τὸ τέλος ἐγγὺς ἦν εἰς ὃ τὴν τύχην ἔδει περιφερομένην ἐξικέσθαι, καθάπερ ἀγαθὸς κυβερνήτης πρὸς κῦμα διερειδόμενος ὁ Φιλοποίμην τὰ μὲν ἐνδιδόναι καὶ παρείκειν ἠναγκάζετο τοῖς καιροῖς, περὶ δὲ τῶν πλείστων διαφερόμενος τοὺς τῷ λέγειν καὶ πράττειν ἰσχύοντας ἀντισπᾶν ἐπειρᾶτο πρὸς τὴν ἐλευθερίαν.
"For if I," he said, "had been general, I would have cut all these men to pieces in the taverns." But when the Romans, having defeated Antiochus, began to involve themselves more deeply in Greek affairs, and enclosed the Achaeans within their power while the demagogues bowed down to them, and their power went on mightily over everything with the help of divine will, and the end was near to which fortune in its rotation was bound to arrive, Philopoemen, like a good helmsman straining against the wave, was forced to yield and give way in some things to the circumstances, but in most matters he disagreed and tried to pull back toward freedom those who were powerful in speech and action.
§17.3Ἀρισταίνου δὲ τοῦ Μεγαλοπολίτου δυναμένου μὲν ἐν τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς μέγιστον, τοὺς δὲ Ῥωμαίους ἀεὶ θεραπεύοντος καὶ τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς μὴ οἰομένου δεῖν ἐναντιοῦσθαι μηδὲ ἀχαριστεῖν ἐκείνοις, ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ λέγεται τὸν Φιλοποίμενα σιωπᾶν ἀκούοντα καὶ βαρέως φέρειν, τέλος δὲ ὑπʼ ὀργῆς δυσανασχετοῦντα πρὸς τὸν Ἀρίσταινον εἰπεῖν ὦ ἄνθρωπε, τί σπεύδεις τὴν πεπρωμένην τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἐπιδεῖν; §17.4Μανίου δὲ τοῦ Ῥωμαίων ὑπάτου νενικηκότος μὲν Ἀντίοχον, αἰτουμένου δὲ παρὰ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ὅπως ἐάσωσι τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίων φυγάδας κατελθεῖν, καὶ Τίτου ταὐτὸ τῷ Μανίῳ περὶ τῶν φυγάδων ἀξιοῦντος, διεκώλυσεν ὁ Φιλοποίμην οὐ τοῖς φυγάσι πολεμῶν, ἀλλὰ βουλόμενος διʼ αὑτοῦ καὶ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, ἀλλὰ μὴ Τίτου μηδὲ Ῥωμαίων χάριτι τοῦτο πραχθῆναι·
While Aristainus of Megalopolis, who had the greatest influence among the Achaeans, was always courting the Romans and thinking that the Achaeans should not oppose or be ungrateful to them, Philopoemen is said to have listened in silence in the council and borne it with difficulty; but at last, out of anger, unable to contain himself, he said to Aristainus: "My good man, why are you in such a hurry to see the fated doom of Greece?" When Manius, the consul of the Romans, having defeated Antiochus, requested of the Achaeans that they allow the Lacedaemonian exiles to return, and Titus made the same demand of them as Manius concerning the exiles, Philopoemen prevented it, not because he was at war with the exiles, but because he wished this to be done through himself and the Achaeans, and not by the favor of Titus or the Romans.
καὶ στρατηγῶν εἰς τοὐπιὸν αὐτὸς κατήγαγε τοὺς φυγάδας, οὕτως εἶχέ τι πρὸς τὰς ἐξουσίας ὑπὸ φρονήματος δύσερι καὶ φιλόνεικον.
And serving as general for the following year, he himself brought back the exiles; so contentious and rivalry-seeking was he by nature towards the authorities because of his high spirit.

Notes

  1. 17.1ἂν ... κατέκοψα — The apodosis of a past contrary-to-fact condition (`ἂν` + indicative aorist `κατέκοψα`), with the protasis supplied by the conditional participle `στρατηγῶν` ("if I had been general").
  2. 17.1μὴ στρατηγῶν — A causal participle construction depending on the verb of emotion `ἤχθετο` ("was vexed"). Although objective causes take `οὐ`, the subjective negative `μὴ` is used here because the condition of not being a general is presented with a subjective or potential nuance.
  3. 17.4ὅπως ἐάσωσι — An object clause of effort/request depending on the participle `αἰτουμένου` ("requesting"), taking the subjunctive mood in the aorist (`ἐάσωσι`).
  4. 17.4χάριτι — An adverbial or prepositional use of the dative noun, meaning "by the favor of" or "as a favor to," governing the genitives `Τίτου` and `Ῥωμαίων`.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Philopoemen §17.1-17.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg027.humanitext-grc2:17.1-17.4

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