§20.1γέγονε δὲ καὶ πατὴρ ἀγαθὸς καὶ περὶ γυναῖκα χρηστὸς ἀνὴρ καὶ χρηματιστὴς οὐκ εὐκαταφρόνητος οὐδʼ ὥς τι μικρὸν ἢ φαῦλον ἐν παρέργῳ μεταχειρισάμενος τὴν τοιαύτην ἐπιμέλειαν.
He was also a good father, a kind husband to his wife, and a householder of no mean ability, not dealing with such care as if it were a minor or trivial matter by the way.
ὅθεν οἴομαι δεῖν καὶ περὶ τούτων ὅσα καλῶς ἔχει διελθεῖν γυναῖκα μὲν εὐγενεστέραν ἢ πλουσιωτέραν ἔγημεν, ἡγούμενος ὁμοίως μὲν ἀμφοτέρας ἔχειν βάρος καὶ φρόνημα, τὰς δὲ γενναίας αἰδουμένας τὰ αἰσχρὰ μᾶλλον ὑπηκόους εἶναι πρός τὰ καλὰ τοῖς γεγαμηκόσι.
Hence I think I ought to relate what is admirable in these matters also. He married a wife who was of better birth than fortune, believing that, though both types have weight and pride alike, yet high-born women, because they are more ashamed of what is base, are more obedient to their husbands in what is honorable.
§20.2τὸν δὲ τύπτοντα γαμετὴν ἢ παῖδα τοῖς ἁγιωτάτοις ἔλεγεν ἱεροῖς προσφέρειν τὰς χεῖρας, ἐν ἐπαίνῳ δὲ μείζονι τίθεσθαι τὸ γαμέτην ἀγαθὸν ἢ τὸ μέγαν εἶναι συγκλητικόν ἐπεὶ καὶ Σωκράτους οὐδὲν ἄλλο θαυμάζειν τοῦ παλαιοῦ πλὴν ὅτι γυναικὶ χαλεπῇ καὶ παισὶν ἀποπλήκτοις χρώμενος ἐπιεικῶς καὶ πρᾴως διετέλεσε, γενομένου δὲ τοῦ παιδὸς οὐδὲν ἦν ἔργον οὕτως ἀναγκαῖον, εἰ μή τι δημόσιον, ὡς μὴ παρεῖναι τῇ γυναικὶ λουούσῃ τὸ βρέφος καὶ σπαργανούσῃ.
He used to say that a man who struck his wife or child laid hands on the most sacred things, and that he held a good husband in higher praise than a great senator; since he also admired nothing else in Socrates of old except that he continued to live gently and mildly though having a difficult wife and half-witted children. And when his son was born, no business was so urgent, unless it were some public affair, as to prevent him from being present with his wife while she washed and swaddled the infant.
§20.3αὐτὴ γὰρ ἔτρεφεν ἰδίῳ γάλακτι· πολλάκις δὲ καὶ τὰ τῶν δούλων παιδάρια τῷ μαστῷ προσιεμένη κατεσκεύαζεν εὔνοιαν ἐκ τῆς συντροφίας πρός τὸν υἱόν.
For she herself nursed him with her own milk; and she would often even give her breast to the infants of her slaves, so that by being brought up together they might develop a goodwill toward her son.
ἐπεὶ δὲ ἤρξατο συνιέναι, παραλαβὼν αὐτὸς ἐδίδασκε γράμματα, καίτοι χαρίεντα δοῦλον εἶχε γραμματιστὴν ὄνομα Χίλωνα, πολλοὺς διδάσκοντα παῖδας.
When the boy began to understand, Cato himself took him in charge and taught him his letters, although he had an accomplished slave named Chilon who was a schoolmaster and taught many children.
§20.4οὐκ ἠξίου δὲ τὸν υἱόν, ὥς φησιν αὐτός, ὑπὸ δούλου κακῶς ἀκούειν ἢ τοῦ ὠτὸς ἀνατείνεσθαι μανθάνοντα βράδιον, οὐδέ γε μαθήματος τηλικούτου τῷ δούλῳ χάριν ὀφείλειν, ἀλλʼ αὐτὸς μὲν ἦν γραμματιστής, αὐτὸς δὲ νομοδιδάκτης, αὐτὸς δὲ γυμναστής, οὐ μόνον ἀκοντίζειν οὐδʼ ὁπλομαχεῖν οὐδʼ ἱππεύειν διδάσκων τὸν υἱόν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ χειρὶ πὺξ παίειν καὶ καῦμα καὶ ψῦχος ἀνέχεσθαι καὶ τὰ δινώδη καὶ τραχύνοντα τοῦ ποταμοῦ διανηχόμενον ἀποβιάζεσθαι.
He did not think it right, as he says himself, that his son should be scolded by a slave or have his ears pulled when he was slow to learn, nor indeed that he should owe a slave a debt of gratitude for so great an education; but he himself was his son's teacher of letters, himself his law-teacher, himself his physical trainer, not only teaching him to throw the javelin, to fight in armor, and to ride, but also to strike with his fist, to endure heat and cold, and to force his way by swimming through the eddying and rough parts of the river.
§20.5καὶ τὰς ἱστορίας δὲ συγγράψαι φησὶν αὐτὸς ἰδίᾳ χειρὶ καὶ μεγάλοις γράμμασιν, ὅπως οἴκοθεν ὑπάρχοι τῷ παιδὶ πρός ἐμπειρίαν τῶν παλαιῶν καὶ πατρίων ὠφελεῖσθαι τὰ δʼ αἰσχρὰ τῶν ῥημάτων οὐχ ἧττον εὐλαβεῖσθαι τοῦ παιδὸς παρόντος ἢ τῶν ἱερῶν παρθένων, ἃς Ἑστιάδας καλοῦσι συλλούσασθαι δὲ μηδέποτε.
And he says that he wrote his histories with his own hand and in large letters, so that his son might have opportunity at home to benefit from the knowledge of antiquity and of his country's traditions. He was as careful to avoid base words in the presence of his son as he would have been in the presence of the holy virgins whom they call Vestals. And he never bathed with him.
καὶ τοῦτο κοινὸν ἔοικε Ῥωμαίων ἔθος εἶναι· καὶ γὰρ πενθεροὶ γαμβροῖς ἐφυλάττοντο συλλούεσθαι, δυσωπούμενοι τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν καὶ γύμνωσιν.
This indeed seems to have been a common custom among the Romans; for even fathers-in-law avoided bathing with their sons-in-law, being ashamed to uncover and strip themselves.
§20.6εἶτα μέντοι παρʼ Ἑλλήνων τὸ γυμνοῦσθαι μαθόντες, αὐτοὶ πάλιν τοῦ καὶ μετὰ γυναικῶν τοῦτο πράσσειν ἀναπεπλήκασι τοὺς Ἕλληνας.
Afterwards, however, having learned from the Greeks to strip themselves naked, they in turn infected the Greeks with this practice even in the company of women.
οὕτω δὲ καλὸν ἔργον εἰς ἀρετὴν τῷ Κάτωνι πλάττοντι καὶ δημιουργοῦντι τὸν υἱόν, ἐπεὶ τὰ τῆς προθυμίας ἦν ἄμεμπτα καὶ διʼ εὐφυΐαν ὑπήκουεν ἡ ψυχή, τὸ δὲ σῶμα μαλακώτερον ἐφαίνετο τοῦ πονεῖν, ὑπανῆκεν αὐτῷ τὸ σύντονον ἄγαν καὶ κεκολασμένον τῆς διαίτης.
Such was the beautiful work of Cato in shaping and fashioning his son for virtue; and since the boy's eagerness was blameless and his soul, because of his good natural parts, was obedient, but his body seemed too delicate to endure hardships, Cato relaxed for him the excessive tension and severity of his training.
§20.7ὁ δέ, ὁ δέ, καίπερ οὕτως ἔχων, ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς ἦν ἐν ταῖς στρατείαις, καὶ τὴν πρός Περσέα μάχην ἠγωνίσατο λαμπρῶς Παύλου στρατηγοῦντος.
But he, although being of such a constitution, was a brave man in the campaigns, and fought brilliantly in the battle against Perseus when Paulus was general.
εἶτα μέντοι τοῦ ξίφους ἐκκρουσθέντος ὑπὸ πληγῆς ἢ διʼ ὑγρότητα τῆς χειρὸς ἐξολισθόντος ἀχθεσθεὶς τρέπεται πρός τινας τῶν συνήθων, καὶ παραλαβὼν ἐκείνους αὖθις εἰς τοὺς πολεμίους ἐνέβαλε.
Afterwards, however, when his sword was knocked from his hand by a blow, or slipped away because of the perspiration of his hand, being vexed at this, he turned to some of his companions, and taking them with him, charged again into the enemy.
πολλῷ δʼ ἀγῶνι καὶ βίᾳ μεγάλῃ διαφωτίσας τὸν τόπον ἀνεῦρε μόγις ἐν πολλοῖς σάγμασιν ὅπλων καὶ σώμασι νεκρῶν ὁμοῦ φίλων τε καὶ πολεμίων κατασεσωρευμένων.
With a great struggle and much violence, having cleared the spot, he at last with difficulty found his sword among many heaps of arms and dead bodies of friends and enemies piled up together.
§20.8ἐφʼ ᾧ καὶ Παῦλος ὁ στρατηγὸς ἠγάσθη τὸ μειράκιον, καὶ Κάτωνος αὐτοῦ φέρεταί τις ἐπιστολὴ πρός τὸν υἱόν ὑπερφυῶς ἐπαινοῦντος τὴν περὶ τὸ ξίφος φιλοτιμίαν αὐτοῦ καὶ σπουδήν.
At this, Paulus the general also admired the youth, and there is extant a letter of Cato himself to his son, in which he praises extraordinarily his ambition and zeal regarding the sword.
ὕστερον δὲ καὶ Παύλου θυγατέρα Τερτίαν ἔγημεν ὁ νεανίας, ἀδελφὴν Σκηπίωνος, οὐχ ἧττον ἤδη διʼ αὑτὸν ἢ τὸν πατέρα καταμιγνύμενος εἰς γένος τηλικοῦτον.
Afterwards the young man also married Tertia, the daughter of Paulus and sister of Scipio, marrying into so great a family no less because of his own merit now than because of his father.
ἡ μὲν οὖν περὶ τὸν υἱὸν ἐπιμέλεια τοῦ Κάτωνος ἄξιον ἔσχεν τέλος.
Thus Cato's care for his son found a worthy end.