Humanitext Reader

Plutarch · Life of Cato the Elder §19.1-19.6

Public Works Reforms and Cato's Commemorative Statue

Passage 19 of 27 · Greek

Summary

As censor, Cato tightened controls on public resources and contracts, drawing hostility from opponents but earning a statue in the temple of Hygieia from the appreciative public. Despite his self-praise, Cato maintained a philosophical disdain for physical statues, and the senate relied deeply on his authority as a pilot in times of crisis.

§19.1οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τῶν ἐγκαλούντων ἐλάχιστα φροντίζων ὁ Κάτων ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐπέτεινεν, ἀποκόπτων μὲν ὀχετοὺς, οἷς τὸ παραρρέον δημόσιον ὕδωρ ὑπολαμβάνοντες ἀπῆγον εἰς οἰκίας ἰδίας καὶ κήπους, ἀνατρέπων δὲ καὶ καταβάλλων ὅσα προὔβαινεν εἰς τὸ δημόσιον οἰκοδομήματα, συστέλλων δὲ τοῖς μισθοῖς τὰς ἐργολαβίας, τὰ δὲ τέλη ταῖς πράσεσιν ἐπὶ τὰς ἐσχάτας ἐλαύνων τιμάς.
Nevertheless, Cato, caring very little for those who complained, tightened his control even more, cutting off the conduits by which they intercepted the public water that flowed by and drew it into their private houses and gardens, and tearing down and demolishing all buildings that encroached upon public land, and contracting the public works for lower pay, and driving the taxes up to the highest prices in their auctions.
§19.2ἀφʼ ὧν αὐτῷ πολὺ συνήχθη μῖσος, ἀφʼ ὧν αὐτῷ πολὺ συνήχθη μῖσος, οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Τίτον συστάντες ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ἔν τε τῇ βουλῇ τὰς γεγενημένας ἐκδόσεις καὶ μισθώσεις τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ δημοσίων ἔργων ἔλυσαν ὡς γεγενημένας ἀλυσιτελῶς, καὶ τῶν δημάρχων τοὺς θρασυτάτους παρώξυναν ἐν δήμῳ προσκαλέσασθαι τὸν Κάτωνα καὶ ζημιῶσαι δυσὶ ταλάντοις.
from which much hatred was gathered against him, from which much hatred was gathered against him. And those who rallied around Titus opposed him, and in the senate they annulled the leases and contracts that had been made for the sacred and public works, on the ground that they had been made disadvantageously, and they incited the boldest of the tribunes to summon Cato before the people and fine him two talents.
πολλὰ δὲ καὶ πρὸς τὴν τῆς βασιλικῆς κατασκευὴν ἠναντιώθησαν, ἣν ἐκεῖνος ἐκ χρημάτων κοινῶν ὑπὸ τὸ βουλευτήριον τῇ ἀγορᾷ παρέβαλε καὶ Πορκία βασιλικὴ προσηγορεύθη.
They also opposed him greatly in regard to the construction of the basilica, which he built with public money below the senate-house, placing it adjacent to the forum, and which was called the Basilica Porcia.
§19.3φαίνεται δὲ θαυμαστῶς ἀποδεξάμενος αὐτοῦ τὴν τιμητείαν ὁ δῆμος, ἀνδριάντα γοῦν ἀναθεὶς ἐν τῷ ναῷ τῆς Ὑγιείας ἐπέγραψεν οὐ τὰς στρατηγίας οὐδὲ τὸν θρίαμβον τὸν Κάτωνος, ἀλλʼ, ὡς ἄν τις μεταφράσειε τὴν ἐπιγραφήν, ὅτι τὴν Ῥωμαίων πολιτείαν ἐγκεκλιμένην καὶ ῥέπουσαν ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον τιμητὴς γενόμενος χρησταῖς ἀγωγαῖς καὶ σώφροσιν ἐθισμοῖς καὶ διδασκαλίαις εἰς ὀρθὸν αὖθις ἀποκατέστησε §19.4καίτοι πρότερον αὐτὸς κατεγέλα τῶν ἀγαπώντων τὰ τοιαῦτα, καὶ λανθάνειν αὐτοὺς ἔλεγεν ἐπὶ χαλκέων καὶ ζωγράφων ἔργοις μέγα φρονοῦντας, αὐτοῦ δὲ καλλίστας εἰκόνας ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς περιφέρειν τοὺς πολίτας πρὸς δὲ τοὺς θαυμάζοντας, ὅτι πολλῶν ἀδόξων ἀνδριάντας ἐχόντων ἐκεῖνος οὐκ ἔχει μᾶλλον γὰρ, ἔφη, βούλομαι ζητεῖσθαι, διὰ τί μου ἀνδριὰς οὐ κεῖται ἢ διὰ τί κεῖται §19.5τὸ δʼ ὅλον οὐδʼ ἐπαινούμενον ἠξίου τὸν ἀγαθὸν πολίτην ὑπομένειν, εἰ μὴ τοῦτο χρησίμως γίνοιτο τῷ κοινῷ.
However, the people appear to have accepted his censorship with wonderful favor; at any rate, they set up his statue in the temple of Hygieia and inscribed upon it, not the military commands nor the triumph of Cato, but, as one might translate the inscription: "Because, when the Roman state was declining and leaning toward the worse, he, having become censor, by wholesome guidance, wise customs, and teachings, restored it again to an upright position." And yet, formerly he himself used to mock those who loved such things, and said that they were unaware that they were taking pride in the works of bronze-founders and painters, whereas the citizens carried about the most beautiful images of him in their souls; and to those who wondered why, when many obscure men had statues, he had none: "For I prefer," said he, "to have it asked why my statue does not stand, rather than why it does." In general, he did not think a good citizen should submit even to being praised, unless this were useful to the common good.
καίτοι πλεῖστα πάντων ἑαυτὸν ἐγκεκωμίακεν, ὅς γε καὶ τοὺς ἁμαρτάνοντάς τι περὶ τὸν βίον, εἶτʼ ἐλεγχομένους λέγειν φησίν, ὡς οὐκ ἄξιον ἐγκαλεῖν αὐτοῖς· οὐ γὰρ Κάτωνές εἰσι· καὶ τοὺς ἔνια μιμεῖσθαι τῶν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ πραττομένων οὐκ ἐμμελῶς ἐπιχειροῦντας ἐπαριστέρους καλεῖσθαι Κάτωνας· §19.6ἀφορᾶν δὲ τὴν βουλὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐν τοῖς ἐπισφαλεστάτοις καιροῖς ὥσπερ ἐν πλῷ πρὸς κυβερνήτην, καὶ πολλάκις μὴ παρόντος ὑπερτίθεσθαι τὰ πλείστης ἄξια σπουδῆς, ἃ δὴ παρὰ τῶν ἄλλων αὐτῷ μαρτυρεῖται· μέγα γὰρ ἔσχεν ἐν τῇ πόλει καὶ διὰ τὸν βίον καὶ διὰ τὸν λόγον καὶ διὰ τὸ γῆρας ἀξίωμα.
And yet, he praised himself more than anyone else, since he says that those who commit some fault in their lives and are then reproved say that they do not deserve to be blamed, for they are not Catos; and that those who attempt to imitate clumsily some of his actions are called "left-handed Catos." And he said that the senate looked toward him in the most critical times, just as those on a voyage look toward a pilot, and that often, when he was not present, they postponed matters worthy of the greatest attention—which indeed is witnessed to him by others; for he had great authority in the city because of his life, his speech, and his old age.

Notes

  1. 19.1οἷς — The relative pronoun οἷς is a dative of means/instrument, referring back to the antecedent ὀχετοὺς (conduits), meaning 'by which' or 'through which'. Combined with the participle ὑπολαμβάνοντες (intercepting), it explains the means by which they diverted public water for private use.
  2. 19.3ὡς ἄν τις μεταφράσειε — The conjunction ὡς combined with the particle ἄν and the aorist optative μεταφράσειε forms a potential optative construction, meaning 'as one might translate'. It suggests a hypothetical rendering of the original Latin inscription into Greek.
  3. 19.4αὐτοῦ δὲ καλλίστας εἰκόνας ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς περιφέρειν τοὺς πολίτας — In this accusative and infinitive construction dependent on the indirect speech, τοὺς πολίτας (the citizens) is the subject accusative of the infinitive περιφέρειν (to carry about), while καλλίστας εἰκόνας (the most beautiful images) is the object accusative. The genitive αὐτοῦ refers to Cato himself, modifying εἰκόνας, meaning 'the citizens carried about the most beautiful images of him in their souls'.
  4. 19.5ὅς γε — The relative pronoun ὅς combined with the intensive particle γε introduces a causal relative clause, providing the ground or evidence for the main clause's assertion that Cato praised himself more than anyone else. It can be translated as 'since he indeed...' or 'inasmuch as he...'.
  5. 19.6ἀφορᾶν δὲ... ὑπερτίθεσθαι — The infinitives ἀφορᾶν (to look toward) and ὑπερτίθεσθαι (to postpone) continue the indirect discourse dependent on the verb φησίν (he says) from the previous section (§19.5). They convey Cato's own self-praising claims about how the senate relied on him.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Cato the Elder §19.1-19.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg025.humanitext-grc2:19.1-19.6

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.