§1.1Ἀριστείδης ὁ Λυσιμάχου φυλῆς μὲν ἦν Ἀντιοχίδος, τῶν δὲ δήμων Ἀλωπεκῆθεν.
Aristides, the son of Lysimachus, belonged to the tribe of Antiochis and to the deme of Alopece.
περὶ δʼ οὐσίας αὐτοῦ λόγοι διάφοροι γεγόνασιν, οἱ μὲν ὡς ἐν πενίᾳ συντόνῳ καταβιώσαντος καὶ μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν ἀπολιπόντος θυγατέρας δύο πολὺν χρόνον ἀνεκδότους διʼ ἀπορίαν γενομένας·
Concerning his wealth, various accounts have been given, some asserting that he lived his life in severe poverty and at his death left two daughters who remained unmarried for a long time because of their lack of means.
§1.2πρὸς δὲ τοῦτον τὸν λόγον ὑπὸ πολλῶν εἰρημένον ἀντιτασσόμενος ὁ Φαληρεὺς Δημήτριος ἐν τῷ Σωκράτει χωρίον Φαληροῖ φησι γινώσκειν Ἀριστείδου γενόμενον, ἐν ᾧ τέθαπται, καὶ τεκμήρια τῆς περὶ τὸν οἶκον εὐπορίας ἓν μὲν ἡγεῖται τὴν ἐπώνυμον ἀρχήν, ἣν ἦρχεν ὁ τῷ κυάμῳ λαχὼν ἐκ τῶν γενῶν τῶν τὰ μέγιστα τιμήματα κεκτημένων, οὓς πεντακοσιομεδίμνους προσηγόρευον, ἕτερον δὲ τὸν ἐξοστρακισμόν· §1.3οὐδενὶ γὰρ τῶν πενήτων, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἐξ οἴκων τε μεγάλων καὶ διὰ γένους ὄγκον ἐπιφθόνων ὄστρακον ἐπιφέρεσθαι·
But Demetrius of Phalerum, opposing this account which has been stated by many, says in his *Socrates* that he knows of an estate belonging to Aristides at Phalerum, where he is buried, and as proofs of the wealth of his house he considers, first, the archonship named after him, which he held by lot of the bean from the classes possessing the largest property-ratings, whom they called "Five-Hundred-Bushel Men," and second, his ostracism; for he argues that the potsherd was not cast against any of the poor, but against those from great houses and those who were objects of envy because of their family prestige.
τρίτον δὲ καὶ τελευταῖον, ὅτι νίκης ἀναθήματα χορηγικοὺς τρίποδας ἐν Διονύσου καταλέλοιπεν, οἳ καὶ καθʼ ἡμᾶς ἐδείκνυντο τοιαύτην ἐπιγραφὴν διασώζοντες· Ἀντιοχὶς ἐνίκα, Ἀριστείδης ἐχορήγει, Ἀρχέστρατος ἐδίδασκε. §1.4τουτὶ μὲν οὖν, καίπερ εἶναι δοκοῦν μέγιστον, ἀσθενέστατόν ἐστι.
And thirdly and finally, he points out that Aristides left as victory offerings some choregic tripods in the precinct of Dionysus, which even in our day were on display, preserving this inscription: "The tribe Antiochis was victorious; Aristides was choregus; Archestratus was teacher." Now this argument, though it seems very strong, is actually the weakest.
καὶ γὰρ Ἐπαμεινώνδας, ὃν πάντες ἄνθρωποι γινώσκουσιν ἐν πενίᾳ καὶ τραφέντα πολλῇ καὶ βιώσαντα, καὶ Πλάτων ὁ φιλόσοφος οὐκ ἀφιλοτίμους ἀνεδέξαντο χορηγίας, ὁ μὲν αὐληταῖς ἀνδράσιν, ὁ δὲ παισὶ κυκλίοις χορηγήσας, τούτῳ μὲν Δίωνος τοῦ Συρακουσίου τὴν δαπάνην παρέχοντος, Ἐπαμεινώνδᾳ δὲ τῶν περὶ Πελοπίδαν.
For even Epaminondas, whom all men know to have been brought up and to have lived in great poverty, and Plato the philosopher, undertook not unpretentious choregic offices—the former serving as choregus for a chorus of adult flute-players, and the latter for a boys' cyclic chorus—the expenses being supplied to Plato by Dion of Syracuse, and to Epaminondas by Pelopidas and his circle.
§1.5οὐ γὰρ ἔστι τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀκήρυκτος καὶ ἄσπονδος πρὸς τὰς παρὰ τῶν φίλων δωρεὰς πόλεμος, ἀλλὰ τὰς εἰς ἀπόθεσιν καὶ πλεονεξίαν ἀγεννεῖς ἡγούμενοι καὶ ταπεινάς, ὅσαι φιλοτιμίας τινὸς ἀκερδοῦς ἔχονται καὶ λαμπρότητος οὐκ ἀπωθοῦνται.
For good men do not carry on an unproclaimed and relentless war against gifts from friends; rather, while they regard as ignoble and mean those gifts intended for accumulation and greed, they do not reject those which involve selfless ambition and splendor.
Παναίτιος μέντοι περὶ τοῦ τρίποδος ἀποφαίνει τὸν Δημήτριον ὁμωνυμίᾳ διεψευσμένον· §1.6ἀπὸ γὰρ τῶν Μηδικῶν εἰς τὴν τελευτὴν τοῦ Πελοποννησιακοῦ πολέμου δύο μόνους Ἀριστείδας χορηγοὺς ἀναγράφεσθαι νικῶντας, ὧν οὐδέτερον εἶναι τῷ Λυσιμάχου τὸν αὐτόν, ἀλλὰ τὸν μὲν Ξενοφίλου πατρός, τὸν δὲ χρόνῳ πολλῷ νεώτερον, ὡς ἐλέγχει τὰ γράμματα τῆς μετʼ Εὐκλείδην ὄντα γραμματικῆς καὶ προσγεγραμμένος ὁ Ἀρχέστρατος, ὃν ἐν τοῖς Μηδικοῖς οὐδείς, ἐν δὲ τοῖς Πελοποννησιακοῖς συχνοὶ χορῶν διδάσκαλον ἀναγράφουσι.
However, Panaetius demonstrates that Demetrius was deceived by a similarity of names regarding the tripod; for he says that from the Persian Wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, only two men named Aristides are recorded as victorious choregi, neither of whom is the same as the son of Lysimachus—one being the son of Xenophilus, and the other being much later in time, as is proved by the letters of the inscription, which belong to the post-Eucleidean orthography, and by the addition of Archestratus, whom no one records as a chorus teacher in the Persian Wars, but many do in the Peloponnesian Wars.
§1.7τὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦ Παναιτίου βέλτιον ἐπισκεπτέον ὅπως ἔχει.
Thus, how the argument of Panaetius stands must be examined more closely.
τῷ δʼ ὀστράκῳ πᾶς ὁ διὰ δόξαν ἢ γένος ἢ λόγου δύναμιν ὑπὲρ τοὺς πολλοὺς νομιζόμενος ὑπέπιπτεν· ὅπου καὶ Δάμων ὁ Περικλέους διδάσκαλος, ὅτι τὸ φρονεῖν ἐδόκει τις εἶναι περιττός, ἐξωστρακίσθη.
But as for the ostracism, anyone who was deemed superior to the multitude in reputation, family, or power of speech was subject to it; for indeed even Damon, the teacher of Pericles, was ostracized because he was thought to be outstanding in his wisdom.
§1.8καὶ μὴν ἄρξαι γε τὸν Ἀριστείδην ὁ Ἰδομενεὺς οὐ κυαμευτόν, ἀλλʼ ἑλομένων Ἀθηναίων φησίν.
Furthermore, Idomeneus says that Aristides held the office of archon not by lot of the bean, but by the election of the Athenians.
εἰ δὲ καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἐν Πλαταιαῖς μάχην ἦρξεν, ὡς αὐτὸς ὁ Δημήτριος γέγραφε, καὶ πάνυ πιθανόν ἐστιν ἐπὶ δόξῃ τοσαύτῃ καὶ κατορθώμασι τηλικούτοις ἀξιωθῆναι διʼ ἀρετὴν ἧς διὰ πλοῦτον ἐτύγχανον οἱ λαγχάνοντες.
And if he held office after the battle of Plataea, as Demetrius himself has written, it is highly plausible that, because of such great reputation and such major achievements, he was deemed worthy of it on account of his virtue, whereas those who drew lots obtained it because of their wealth.
§1.9ἀλλὰ γὰρ ὁ μὲν Δημήτριος οὐ μόνον Ἀριστείδην, ἀλλὰ καὶ Σωκράτην δῆλός ἐστι τῆς πενίας ἐξελέσθαι φιλοτιμούμενος ὡς μεγάλου κακοῦ·
In fact, it is clear that Demetrius was eager to rescue from poverty, as if it were a great evil, not only Aristides but also Socrates.
καὶ γὰρ ἐκείνῳ φησὶν οὐ μόνον τὴν οἰκίαν ὑπάρχειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μνᾶς ἑβδομήκοντα τοκιζομένας ὑπὸ Κρίτωνος.
For he says that Socrates possessed not only his house, but also seventy minae lent out on interest by Crito.