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Plutarch · Comparison of Alcibiades and Coriolanus §1.1-1.4

Comparison of Military Deeds and Political Demeanor

Passage 1 of 5 · Greek

Summary

The passage compares the military and political achievements of Alcibiades and Marcius, discussing their similar capacities as generals and evaluating their contrasting, yet problematic, political attitudes toward the populace.

§1.1ἐκκειμένων δὲ τῶν πράξεων, ὅσας ἡγούμεθα λόγου καὶ μνήμης ἀξίας εἶναι, τὰς μὲν πολεμικὰς ἐπʼ οὐδέτερον ποιούσας ῥοπὴν μεγάλην ὁρᾶν ἐστιν, ὁμαλῶς γὰρ ἀμφότεροι πολλὰ μὲν στρατιωτικῆς ἔργα τόλμης καὶ ἀνδρείας, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ τέχνης καὶ προνοίας στρατηγοῦντες ἐπεδείξαντο,
Now that their deeds are set forth, as many as we deem worthy of mention and remembrance, we can see that their military exploits do not tilt the scale heavily to either side; for both of them, in their commands, displayed equally many deeds of military daring and bravery, and many also of skill and foresight.
§1.2πλὴν εἰ μή τις θέλοι τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην, ὅτι καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν ἐν πολλοῖς ἀγῶσι νικῶν καὶ κατορθῶν διετέλεσεν, ἀποφαίνειν τελειότερον στρατηγόν ἐπεὶ τό γε παρόντας καὶ ἄρχοντας ὀρθοῦν ἀεὶ προδήλως τὰ οἰκεῖα καὶ προδηλότερον αὖ πάλιν βλάπτειν μεθισταμένους ἀμφοτέροις ὑπῆρξε.
Unless, indeed, one should wish to declare Alcibiades a more complete general, on the ground that he continually conquered and succeeded in many contests both by land and by sea; since, at least, the fact of always visibly sustaining their own state when present and commanding, and on the other hand harming it even more visibly when they changed sides, was common to both of them.
§1.3πολιτείαν δὲ τὴν μὲν Ἀλκιβιάδου τὴν ἄγαν λαμυρὰν καὶ τὸ μὴ καθαρεῦον ἀναγωγίας καὶ βωμολοχίας ἐν τῷ πρὸς χάριν ὁμιλεῖν τοῖς πολλοῖς οἱ σώφρονες ἐβδελύττοντο, τὴν δὲ Μαρκίου παντάπασιν ἄχαριν καὶ ὑπερήφανον καὶ ὀλιγαρχικὴν γενομένην ἐμίσησεν ὁ Ῥωμαίων δῆμος.
As for their political conduct, the sober-minded loathed that of Alcibiades for being excessively wanton, and not free from insolence and buffoonery in his attempts to curry favor with the multitude; while the Roman people hated that of Marcius, which was altogether ungracious, proud, and oligarchic.
§1.4οὐδετέραν μὲν οὖν ἐπαινετέον ὁ δὲ δημαγωγῶν καὶ χαριζόμενος τῶν ὅπως οὐ δόξουσι δημαγωγεῖν προπηλακιζόντων τοὺς πολλοὺς ἀμεμπτότερος·
Neither, therefore, is to be praised; but he who plays the demagogue and flatters the people is less blameworthy than those who, so as not to seem to play the demagogue, insult the multitude.
αἰσχρὸν μὲν γὰρ τὸ κολακεύειν δῆμον ἐπὶ τῷ δύνασθαι, τὸ δʼ ἰσχύειν ἐκ τοῦ φοβερὸν εἶναι καὶ κακοῦν καὶ πιέζειν πρὸς τῷ αἰσχρῷ καὶ ἄδικόν ἐστιν.
For though it is shameful to flatter the people for the sake of power, yet to gain power by being fearsome, and by doing harm, and by oppressing them, is not only shameful but also unjust.

Notes

  1. §1.1ἐκκειμένων δὲ τῶν πράξεων — Genitive absolute construction. The conjunction δὲ marks a transition, introducing a contextual premise separate from the subject of the main clause (ὁρᾶν ἐστιν).
  2. §1.2τό γε παρόντας καὶ ἄρχοντας ὀρθοῦν ἀεὶ προδήλως τὰ οἰκεῖα καὶ προδηλότερον αὖ πάλιν βλάπτειν μεθισταμένους — The article `τό` substantivizes the two infinitive phrases `ὀρθοῦν...` and `βλάπτειν...` into a single noun phrase (articular infinitive) acting as the subject of the impersonal verb `ὑπῆρξε`. The accusative participles `παρόντας`, `ἄρχοντας`, and `μεθισταμένους` serve as the logical subjects of these infinitives (subject accusative of the infinitive), chosen in the accusative rather than agreeing with the dative `ἀμφοτέροις`.
  3. §1.4τῶν ὅπως οὐ δόξουσι δημαγωγεῖν προπηλακιζόντων — The article `τῶν` belongs to the participle `προπηλακιζόντων`, serving as a genitive of comparison modifying the comparative `ἀμεμπτότερος`. The embedded clause `ὅπως οὐ δόξουσι` employs ὅπως with the future indicative to express effort or intention ('so as to avoid seeming to...').

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Comparison of Alcibiades and Coriolanus §1.1-1.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg017.humanitext-grc2:1.1-1.4

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