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Plutarch · Life of Publicola §2.1-2.3

Valerius' Retirement and Oath of Loyalty

Passage 2 of 23 · Greek

Summary

Resentful of being distrusted, Valerius withdraws from public life but proves his loyalty by being the first to take the oath of resistance proposed by Brutus, and subsequently prevents Tarquin's envoys from swaying the populace.

§2.1ἀγανακτῶν οὖν ὁ Οὐαλλέριος, εἰ μὴ πιστεύεται πάντα πράττειν ἕνεκα τῆς πατρίδος, ὅτι μηδὲν ἰδίᾳ κακὸν ὑπὸ τῶν τυράννων πέπονθε, τῆς τε βουλῆς ἀπέστη καὶ τὰς συνηγορίας ἀπεῖπε καὶ τὸ πράττειν τὰ κοινὰ παντελῶς ἐξέλιπεν, ὥστε καὶ λόγον τοῖς πολλοῖς παρασχεῖν καὶ φροντίδα, φοβουμένοις μὴ διʼ ὀργὴν προσθέμενος τοῖς βασιλεῦσιν ἀνατρέψῃ τὰ πράγματα καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἐπισφαλῶς ἔχουσαν·
Valerius, therefore, being resentful that he was not trusted to do everything for the sake of his fatherland on the grounds that he had suffered no personal harm from the tyrants, withdrew from the senate, declined to act as an advocate, and completely abandoned public affairs, with the result that he caused talk and anxiety among the multitude, who feared lest out of anger he might join the kings and subvert the state and ruin the city, which was in a precarious condition.
§2.2ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ πρὸς ἑτέρους τινὰς ὑποψίαν ἔχων ὁ Βροῦτος ἐβούλετο διὰ σφαγίων ὁρκῶσαι τὴν βουλὴν καὶ προεῖπεν ἡμέραν, καταβὰς μάλα φαιδρὸς εἰς ἀγορὰν ὁ Οὐαλλέριος, καὶ πρῶτος ὀμόσας μηδὲν ἐνδώσειν μηδʼ ὑφήσεσθαι Ταρκυνίοις, ἀλλὰ πολεμήσειν κατὰ κράτος ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐλευθερίας, ἡδονήν τε τῇ βουλῇ καὶ θάρσος ἅμα τοῖς ἄρχουσι παρέσχεν.
But when Brutus, having suspicion against certain others as well, wished to bind the senate by oath over sacrificial victims and proclaimed a day, Valerius went down to the forum with a very cheerful countenance, and being the first to swear that he would in no way yield or submit to the Tarquins, but would fight with all his might for freedom, he gave pleasure to the senate and at the same time courage to the magistrates.
εὐθὺς δὲ καὶ τὰ ἔργα τὸν ὅρκον ἐβεβαίου.
And immediately his actions confirmed his oath.
§2.3πρέσβεις γὰρ ἧκον ἀπὸ Ταρκυνίου γράμματα κομίζοντες ἐπαγωγὰ τοῦ δήμου καὶ λόγους ἐπιεικεῖς, οἷς μάλιστα τοὺς πολλοὺς ᾤοντο διαφθείρειν, λεγομένοις παρὰ βασιλέως ἀφεικέναι τὸ φρόνημα καὶ μετρίων δεῖσθαι δοκοῦντος.
For envoys came from Tarquin bringing letters to seduce the people and mild words, by which they thought they could especially corrupt the multitude, as they were said to come from a king who had laid aside his pride and seemed to ask for moderate things.
τούτους εἰς τὸ πλῆθος οἰομένων δεῖν τῶν ὑπάτων προαγαγεῖν οὐκ εἴασεν ὁ Οὐαλλέριος, ἀλλʼ ἐνέστη καὶ διεκώλυσεν ἀνθρώποις πένησι καὶ βαρυνομένοις μᾶλλον τῆς τυραννίδος τὸν πόλεμον ἀρχὰς καὶ προφάσεις νεωτερισμῶν ἐγγενέσθαι.
Although the consuls thought they ought to bring these men before the assembly, Valerius did not permit it, but opposed and prevented opportunities and pretexts for revolution from arising for poor men who dreaded war more than tyranny.

Notes

  1. 2.1εἰ μὴ πιστεύεται — The clause introduced by εἰ after the participle of emotion ἀγανακτῶν (from ἀγανακτέω, 'to be resentful') functions as a substantive clause meaning 'that he was not trusted.' The subsequent ὅτι clause explains the reason why he was not trusted ('because he had suffered no personal harm...').
  2. 2.1φοβουμένοις — A dative plural masculine present participle agreeing with τοῖς πολλοῖς inside the preceding ὥστε clause, expressing the cause or attendant circumstance of their anxiety ('fearing lest...').
  3. 2.3οἷς ... λεγομένοις ... δοκοῦντος — The passive participle λεγομένοις agrees with the relative pronoun οἷς (referring back to the letters and words), and the genitive participle δοκοῦντος agrees with βασιλέως inside the prepositional phrase. Together they form a complex modifying structure: 'words which were said to come from a king who seemed to have laid aside his pride...'
  4. 2.3οἰομένων δεῖν τῶν ὑπάτων — A genitive absolute construction where τῶν ὑπάτων is the subject and οἰομένων is the participle, expressing concession or time: 'although the consuls thought it was necessary...'
  5. 2.3διεκώλυσεν ... ἐγγενέσθαι — The verb διεκώλυσεν ('prevented') governs the infinitive ἐγγενέσθαι ('to arise'), whose subject accusative is ἀρχὰς καὶ προφάσεις ('opportunities and pretexts'). The dative phrase ἀνθρώποις πένησι... ('for poor men...') functions as a dative of interest.

Cite this passage

Plutarch, Life of Publicola §2.1-2.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0007.tlg008.humanitext-grc2:2.1-2.3

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