Humanitext Reader

Euripides · Hippolytus §921-1003

Theseus Banishes Hippolytus and Hippolytus' Defense

Passage 11 of 16 · Greek

Summary

Breaking his silence, Theseus unleashes his fury upon Hippolytus, denouncing his hypocritical lifestyle and decreeing his exile. In response, Hippolytus begins his self-defense, asserting his innocence.

§921δεινὸν σοφιστὴν εἶπας, ὅστις εὖ φρονεῖν §922τοὺς μὴ φρονοῦντας δυνατός ἐστ’ ἀναγκάσαι.
You speak of a formidable wise man, who is able to compel those who have no understanding to think wisely.
§923ἀλλ’ οὐ γὰρ ἐν δέοντι λεπτουργεῖς, πάτερ, §924δέδοικα μή σου γλῶσσ’ ὑπερβάλῃ κακοῖς.
But indeed you are spinning fine theories when there is no need, father; I fear lest your tongue overreach itself in your troubles.
§925φεῦ, χρῆν βροτοῖσι τῶν φίλων τεκμήριον §926σαφές τι κεῖσθαι καὶ διάγνωσιν φρενῶν, §927ὅστις τ’ ἀληθής ἐστιν ὅς τε μὴ φίλος, §928δισσάς τε φωνὰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἔχειν, §929τὴν μὲν δικαίαν, τὴν δ’ ὅπως ἐτύγχανεν, §930ὡς ἡ φρονοῦσα τἄδικ’ ἐξηλέγχετο §931πρὸς τῆς δικαίας, κοὐκ ἂν ἠπατώμεθα.
Alas, there ought to have been established for mortals some clear token of friends and a discernment of their minds, to know who is a true friend and who is not, and all humans ought to have two voices, one just and the other as it happened to be, so that the voice thinking unjust things might be refuted by the just one, and we would not be deceived.
§932ἀλλ’ ἦ τις ἐς σὸν οὖς με διαβαλὼν ἔχει §933φίλων, νοσοῦμεν δ’ οὐδὲν ὄντες αἴτιοι;
But has some one of my friends indeed slandered me to your ear, and am I suffering although I am not at all to blame?
§934ἔκ τοι πέπληγμαι· σοὶ γὰρ ἐκπλήσσουσί με §935λόγοι παραλλάσσοντες ἔξεδροι φρενῶν.
Indeed I am struck with amazement; for your words, wandering far out of their wits, terrify me.
§936φεῦ τῆς βροτείας·
Alas for the human mind!
ποῖ προβήσεται;
Whither will it advance?
φρενός. §937τί τέρμα τόλμης καὶ θράσους γενήσεται;
What limit will there be to daring and insolence?
§938εἰ γὰρ κατ’ ἀνδρὸς βίοτον ἐξογκώσεται, §939ὁ δ’ ὕστερος τοῦ πρόσθεν εἰς ὑπερβολὴν §940πανοῦργος ἔσται, θεοῖσι προσβαλεῖν χθονὶ §941ἄλλην δεήσει γαῖαν, ἣ χωρήσεται §942τοὺς μὴ δικαίους καὶ κακοὺς πεφυκότας.
For if it swells up throughout a man's life, and the successor is knavish to excess beyond the predecessor, the gods will have to add another earth to this land, which will contain those who are unjust and wicked by nature.
§943σκέψασθε δ’ ἐς τόνδ’, ὅστις ἐξ ἐμοῦ γεγὼς §944ᾔσχυνε τἀμὰ λέκτρα κἀξελέγχεται §945πρὸς τῆς θανούσης ἐμφανῶς κάκιστος ὤν.
Look at this man, who, born from me, dishonored my bed and is clearly proven to be most wicked by the dead woman.
§946δεῖξον δ’, ἐπειδή γ’ ἐς μίασμ’ ἐλήλυθας, §947τὸ σὸν πρόσωπον δεῦρ’ ἐναντίον πατρί.
Show, since indeed you have come into defilement, your face here in opposition to your father.
§948σὺ δὴ θεοῖσιν ὡς περισσὸς ὢν ἀνὴρ §949ξύνει;
Do you indeed consort with the gods as an extraordinary man?
σὺ σώφρων καὶ κακῶν ἀκήρατος;
Are you temperate and undefiled by evils?
§950οὐκ ἂν πιθοίμην τοῖσι σοῖς κόμποις ἐγὼ §951θεοῖσι προσθεὶς ἀμαθίαν φρονεῖν κακῶς.
I would not believe your boasts, attributing ignorance to the gods so as to think foolishly.
§952ἤδη νυν αὔχει καὶ δι’ ἀψύχου βορᾶς §953σίτοις καπήλευ’, Ὀρφέα τ’ ἄνακτ’ ἔχων §954βάκχευε πολλῶν γραμμάτων τιμῶν καπνούς·
Boast now, and practice your petty trade in food with lifeless nourishment, and with Orpheus as your king, rave in Bacchic rites, honoring the smoke of many writings!
§955ἐπεί γ’ ἐλήφθης.
For indeed you have been caught.
τοὺς δὲ τοιούτους ἐγὼ §956φεύγειν προφωνῶ πᾶσι· θηρεύουσι γὰρ §957σεμνοῖς λόγοισιν, αἰσχρὰ μηχανώμενοι.
And I warn everyone to flee such men as these; for they hunt with solemn words, while devising shameful deeds.
§958τέθνηκεν ἥδε· τοῦτό σ’ ἐκσώσειν δοκεῖς;
She is dead; do you think this will save you?
§959ἐν τῷδ’ ἁλίσκῃ πλεῖστον, ὦ κάκιστε σύ·
In this very thing you are most convicted, you most wicked man!
§960ποῖοι γὰρ ὅρκοι κρείσσονες, τίνες λόγοι §961τῆσδ’ ἂν γένοιντ’ ἄν, ὥστε σ’ αἰτίαν φυγεῖν;
For what oaths could be stronger, what words could there be than her death, so that you might escape the charge?
§962μισεῖν σε φήσεις τήνδε καὶ τὸ δὴ νόθον §963τοῖς γνησίοισι πολέμιον πεφυκέναι·
You will say that she hated you and that the bastard is by nature an enemy to the legitimate children.
§964κακὴν ἄρ’ αὐτὴν ἔμπορον βίου λέγεις, §965εἰ δυσμενείᾳ σῇ τὰ φίλτατ’ ὤλεσεν.
Then you call her a poor merchant of her life, if out of hostility to you she destroyed her dearest possession.
§966ἀλλ’ ὡς τὸ μῶρον ἀνδράσιν μὲν οὐκ ἔνι, §967γυναιξὶ δ’ ἐμπέφυκεν;
But will you say that folly is not in men, but is innate in women?
οἶδ’ ἐγὼ νέους, §968οὐδὲν γυναικῶν ὄντας ἀσφαλεστέρους, §969ὅταν ταράξῃ Κύπρις ἡβῶσαν φρένα· §970τὸ δ’ ἄρσεν αὐτοὺς ὠφελεῖ προσκείμενον.
I know young men who are not a bit more secure than women, whenever Cypris stirs up a youthful mind; but their male sex, being on their side, helps them.
§971νῦν οὖν — τί ταῦτα σοῖς ἁμιλλῶμαι λόγοις §972νεκροῦ παρόντος μάρτυρος σαφεστάτου;
Now therefore—why do I contest these things with your words when the dead woman is present as the clearest witness?
§973ἔξερρε γαίας τῆσδ’ ὅσον τάχος φυγάς, §974καὶ μήτ’ Ἀθήνας τὰς θεοδμήτους μόλῃς, §975μήτ’ εἰς ὅρους γῆς ἧς ἐμὸν κρατεῖ δόρυ.
Begone from this land as an exile as quickly as possible, and neither go to Athens built by gods, nor to the borders of the land which my spear rules.
§976εἰ γὰρ παθών γε σοῦ τάδ’ ἡσσηθήσομαι, §977οὐ μαρτυρήσει μ’ Ἴσθμιος Σίνις ποτὲ §978κτανεῖν ἑαυτόν, ἀλλὰ κομπάζειν μάτην, §979οὐδ’ αἱ θαλάσσῃ σύννομοι Σκιρωνίδες §980φήσουσι πέτραι τοῖς κακοῖς μ’ εἶναι βαρύν.
For if, having suffered these things from you, I am worsted, Isthmian Sinis will never testify that I killed him, but will say I boast in vain; nor will the Scironian rocks that dwell by the sea say that I am heavy upon wicked men.
§981οὐκ οἶδ’ ὅπως εἴποιμ’ ἂν εὐτυχεῖν τινα §982θνητῶν· τὰ γὰρ δὴ πρῶτ’ ἀνέστραπται πάλιν.
I know not how I could say that any of mortals is happy; for those who were once first are now overturned.
§983πάτερ, μένος μὲν ξύστασίς τε σῶν φρενῶν §984δεινή· τὸ μέντοι πρᾶγμ’ ἔχον καλοὺς λόγους, §985εἴ τις διαπτύξειεν, οὐ καλὸν τόδε.
Father, the fury and the tension of your mind are terrible; yet this matter, though having fine arguments, is not fine if one were to unfold it.
§986ἐγὼ δ’ ἄκομψος εἰς ὄχλον δοῦναι λόγον, §987ἐς ἥλικας δὲ κὠλίγους σοφώτερος.
I am unskilled in delivering a speech before a crowd, but wiser before my peers and a few.
§988ἔχει δὲ μοῖραν καὶ τόδ’· οἱ γὰρ ἐν σοφοῖς §989φαῦλοι παρ’ ὄχλῳ μουσικώτεροι λέγειν.
And this too has its reason; for those who are simple among the wise are more eloquent to speak before a crowd.
§990ὅμως δ’ ἀνάγκη, ξυμφορᾶς ἀφιγμένης, §991γλῶσσάν μ’ ἀφεῖναι.
Nevertheless, since calamity has come, I must loose my tongue.
πρῶτα δ’ ἄρξομαι λέγειν, §992ὅθεν μ’ ὑπῆλθες πρῶτον ὡς διαφθερῶν §993κοὐκ ἀντιλέξοντ’.
And first I will begin to speak from where you first attacked me, intending to destroy me, thinking I would not speak in reply.
εἰσορᾷς φάος τόδε §994καὶ γαῖαν· ἐν τοῖσδ’ οὐκ ἔνεστ’ ἀνὴρ ἐμοῦ, §995οὐδ’ ἢν σὺ μὴ φῇς, σωφρονέστερος γεγώς.
You behold this light and the earth: in these there is no man more temperate than me, not even if you deny it.
§996ἐπίσταμαι γὰρ πρῶτα μὲν θεοὺς σέβειν, §997φίλοις τε χρῆσθαι μὴ ἀδικεῖν πειρωμένοις, §998ἀλλ’ οἷσιν αἰδὼς μήτ’ ἐπαγγέλλειν κακὰ §999μήτ’ ἀνθυπουργεῖν αἰσχρὰ τοῖσι χρωμένοις· §1000οὐκ ἐγγελαστὴς τῶν ὁμιλούντων, πάτερ, §1001ἀλλ’ αὑτὸς οὐ παροῦσι κἀγγὺς ὢν φίλοις.
For I know, first, how to revere the gods, and to associate with friends who do not try to do injustice, but who have such shame that they neither command evil deeds nor return shameful favors to those they associate with; not a mocker of my companions, father, but the same to my friends when they are absent as when I am near them.
§1002ἑνὸς δ’ ἄθικτος, ᾧ με νῦν ἑλεῖν δοκεῖς· §1003λέχους γὰρ ἐς τόδ’ ἡμέρας ἁγνὸν δέμας·
And I am untouched by the one thing by which you now think to catch me; for to this very day my body is pure of the marriage bed.

Notes

  1. §925χρῆν — Unreal obligation. The imperfect χρῆν is used without the particle ἄν to express a present or past unfulfilled obligation ('ought to have been', but is not), indicating regret or desire contrary to reality.
  2. §930ὡς ... ἐξηλέγχετο ... κοὐκ ἂν ἠπατώμεθα — Unattainable purpose or result. Following χρῆν (line 925) which introduces an unreal wish, the conjunction ὡς with the past indicative (ἐξηλέγχετο) expresses a purpose or result that was not realized ('so that it would have been refuted'). The subsequent κοὐκ ἂν ἠπατώμεθα is a standard past contrafactual apodosis with ἄν and imperfect indicative.
  3. §934σοὶ — Dative of relation or ethical dative. It means 'with respect to you' or 'from you', connecting with the noun phrase λόγοι παραλλάσσοντες ('words wandering out') to emphasize the possessive sense ('your words'). The dative is positioned to express strong concern or reproach toward the interlocutor.
  4. §984τὸ μέντοι πρᾶγμ’ ἔχον καλοὺς λόγους — The participle ἔχον (neuter singular) is concessive ('although it has'). It agrees grammatically with τόδε (line 985), which refers to τὸ πρᾶγμα. The overall structure is: 'the matter, though having fine arguments, is not fine if one were to unfold it'.

Cite this passage

Euripides, Hippolytus §921-1003. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg005.humanitext-grc2:921-1003

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.