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Euripides · Hippolytus §1004-1083

Hippolytus' Plea of Innocence and Theseus' Refusal

Passage 12 of 16 · Greek

Summary

Hippolytus defends his innocence and virtue before his father Theseus, arguing that he had no motive for such an impious act. However, Theseus rejects his plea as wizardry, disregards all oaths and prophecies, and immediately sentences him to exile.

§1004οὐκ οἶδα πρᾶξιν τήνδε πλὴν λόγῳ κλύων §1005γραφῇ τε λεύσσων· οὐδὲ ταῦτα γὰρ σκοπεῖν §1006πρόθυμός εἰμι, παρθένον ψυχὴν ἔχων.
I do not know this deed except by hearing it in speech and beholding it in painting; for I am not even eager to look at these things, since I have a virgin soul.
§1007καὶ δὴ τὸ σῶφρον τοὐμὸν οὐ πείθει σ’· ἴτω· §1008δεῖ δή σε δεῖξαι τῷ τρόπῳ διεφθάρην.
And indeed, if my temperance does not convince you, so be it; you must show in what way I was corrupted.
§1009πότερα τὸ τῆσδε σῶμ’ ἐκαλλιστεύετο §1010πασῶν γυναικῶν;
Was this woman's body the most beautiful of all women?
ἢ σὸν οἰκήσειν δόμον §1011ἔγκληρον εὐνὴν προσλαβὼν ἐπήλπισα;
Or did I hope to dwell in your house by acquiring an heiress wife?
§1012μάταιος ἆρ’ ἦν, οὐδαμοῦ μὲν οὖν φρενῶν.
In that case I would have been foolish, or rather, completely out of my mind.
§1013ἀλλ’ ὡς τυραννεῖν ἡδύ;
But is ruling sweet?
τοῖσι σώφροσιν §1014ἥκιστά γ’, εἰ μὴ τὰς φρένας διέφθορεν §1015θνητῶν ὅσοισιν ἁνδάνει μοναρχία.
To the temperate, not at all, unless monarchy has corrupted the minds of those mortals who take pleasure in it.
§1016ἐγὼ δ’ ἀγῶνας μὲν κρατεῖν Ἑλληνικοὺς §1017πρῶτος θέλοιμ’ ἄν, ἐν πόλει δὲ δεύτερος §1018σὺν τοῖς ἀρίστοις εὐτυχεῖν ἀεὶ φίλοις.
I would rather be first to win in the Hellenic games, but second in the city, always happy with the noblest friends.
§1019πράσσειν τε γὰρ πάρεστι, κίνδυνός τ’ ἀπὼν §1020κρείσσω δίδωσι τῆς τυραννίδος χάριν.
For there is opportunity for action, and the absence of danger gives a greater joy than ruling.
§1021ἓν οὐ λέλεκται τῶν ἐμῶν, τὰ δ’ ἄλλ’ ἔχεις· §1022εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἦν μοι μάρτυς οἷός εἰμ’ ἐγώ, §1023καὶ τῆσδ’ ὁρώσης φέγγος ἠγωνιζόμην, §1024ἔργοις ἂν εἶδες τοὺς κακοὺς διεξιών·
One point of my defense has not been spoken, but you have the rest; for if I had a witness of what kind of man I am, and if I were contesting while she still beheld the light, you would see by the deeds who is the wicked one as you examined them.
§1025νῦν δ’ ὅρκιόν σοι Ζῆνα καὶ πέδον χθονὸς §1026ὄμνυμι τῶν σῶν μήποθ’ ἅψασθαι γάμων §1027μηδ’ ἂν θελῆσαι μηδ’ ἂν ἔννοιαν λαβεῖν.
But now, by Zeus the guardian of oaths and by the ground of the earth, I swear to you that I never touched your marriage bed, nor ever wished to, nor even conceived the thought.
§1028ἦ τἄρ’ ὀλοίμην ἀκλεὴς ἀνώνυμος, §1029ἄπολις ἄοικος, φυγὰς ἀλητεύων χθόνα, §1030καὶ μήτε πόντος μήτε γῆ δέξαιτό μου §1031σάρκας θανόντος, εἰ κακὸς πέφυκ’ ἀνήρ.
May I perish without glory and without a name, cityless and homeless, a fugitive wandering the earth, and may neither sea nor land receive my flesh when I am dead, if I am a wicked man by nature.
§1032εἰ δ’ ἥδε δειμαίνουσ’ ἀπώλεσεν βίον §1033οὐκ οἶδ’· ἐμοὶ γὰρ οὐ θέμις πέρα λέγειν.
Whether she destroyed her life out of fear I do not know; for it is not lawful for me to say more.
§1034ἐσωφρόνησεν οὐκ ἔχουσα σωφρονεῖν, §1035ἡμεῖς δ’ ἔχοντες οὐ καλῶς ἐχρώμεθα.
She was temperate when she was not able to be temperate, while we, who have temperance, could not use it well.
§1036ἀρκοῦσαν εἶπας αἰτίας ἀποστροφήν, §1037ὅρκους παρασχών, πίστιν οὐ σμικράν, θεῶν.
Chorus: You have spoken a sufficient defense against the charge, offering oaths to the gods, a no minor pledge.
§1038ἆρ’ οὐκ ἐπῳδὸς καὶ γόης πέφυχ’ ὅδε, §1039ὃς τὴν ἐμὴν πέποιθεν εὐοργησίᾳ §1040ψυχὴν κρατήσειν, τὸν τεκόντ’ ἀτιμάσας;
Theseus: Is this man not indeed a spellbinder and a wizard, who trusts that he will master my mind with his calm temper, after having dishonored his father?
§1041καὶ σοῦ γε ταὐτὰ κάρτα θαυμάζω, πάτερ· §1042εἰ γὰρ σὺ μὲν παῖς ἦσθ’, ἐγὼ δὲ σὸς πατήρ, §1043ἔκτεινά τοί σ’ ἂν κοὐ φυγαῖς ἐζημίουν, §1044εἴπερ γυναικὸς ἠξίουν σ’ ἐμῆς θιγεῖν.
Hippolytus: Father, I too marvel greatly at this in you; for if you were the son, and I your father, I would have killed you and not punished you with exile, if indeed you had dared to touch my wife.
§1045ὡς ἄξιον τόδ’ εἶπας·
Theseus: How worthy of yourself you speak!
οὐχ οὕτω θανῇ.
You shall not die thus.
§1047ταχὺς γὰρ Ἅιδης ῥᾷστος ἀνδρὶ δυστυχεῖ· §1048ἀλλ’ ἐκ πατρῴας φυγὰς ἀλητεύων χθονὸς §1046ὥσπερ σὺ σαυτῷ τόνδε προύθηκας νόμον — §1051οἴμοι, τί δράσεις;
For a swift death is easiest for an unfortunate man; but wandering as an exile from your father's land, even as you proposed this law for yourself— Hippolytus: Alas, what will you do?
οὐδὲ μηνυτὴν χρόνον §1052δέξῃ καθ’ ἡμῶν, ἀλλά μ’ ἐξελᾷς χθονός;
Will you not even accept time to inform against us, but will drive me from the land?
§1053πέραν γε πόντου καὶ τόπων Ἀτλαντικῶν, §1054εἴ πως δυναίμην, ὡς σὸν ἐχθαίρω κάρα.
Theseus: Beyond the sea and the Atlantic bounds, if only I were able, so much do I hate your person.
§1055οὐδ’ ὅρκον οὐδὲ πίστιν οὐδὲ μάντεων §1056φήμας ἐλέγξας ἄκριτον ἐκβαλεῖς με γῆς;
Hippolytus: Without examining oath or pledge or the utterances of prophets, will you cast me from the land without a trial?
§1057ἡ δέλτος ἥδε κλῆρον οὐ δεδεγμένη §1058κατηγορεῖ σου πιστά· τοὺς δ’ ὑπὲρ κάρα §1059φοιτῶντας ὄρνις πόλλ’ ἐγὼ χαίρειν λέγω.
Theseus: This tablet, which has received no lot of divination, accuses you reliably; and as for the birds that fly over our heads, I bid them a long farewell.
§1060ὦ θεοί, τί δῆτα τοὐμὸν οὐ λύω στόμα, §1061ὅστις γ’ ὑφ’ ὑμῶν, οὓς σέβω, διόλλυμαι;
Hippolytus: O gods, why then do I not loose my mouth, who am being destroyed by you, whom I revere?
§1062οὐ δῆτα· πάντως οὐ πίθοιμ’ ἂν οὕς με δεῖ, §1063μάτην δ’ ἂν ὅρκους συγχέαιμ’ οὓς ὤμοσα.
No, indeed; I would not at all convince those whom I must, and I would only break in vain the oaths I swore.
§1064οἴμοι, τὸ σεμνὸν ὥς μ’ ἀποκτενεῖ τὸ σόν.
Theseus: Ah, how your solemnity will kill me!
§1065οὐκ εἶ πατρῴας ἐκτὸς ὡς τάχιστα γῆς;
Will you not go out of your land as quickly as possible?
§1066ποῖ δῆθ’ ὁ τλήμων τρέψομαι;
Hippolytus: Whither then, wretched as I am, shall I turn?
τίνος ξένων §1067δόμους ἔσειμι, τῇδ’ ἐπ’ αἰτίᾳ φυγών;
Whose house of strangers shall I enter, fleeing on this charge?
§1068ὅστις γυναικῶν λυμεῶνας ἥδεται §1069ξένους κομίζων καὶ ξυνοικούρους κακῶν.
Theseus: Whoever delights in welcoming destroyers of women as guests and cohabitants of evil.
§1070αἰαῖ, πρὸς ἧπαρ· δακρύων ἐγγὺς τόδε,
Hippolytus: Alas, to the heart!
§1071εἰ δὴ κακός γε φαίνομαι, δοκῶ τέ σοι.
This is close to tears, if indeed I appear wicked and seem so to you.
§1072τότε στενάζειν καὶ προγιγνώσκειν σ’ ἐχρῆν §1073ὅτ’ ἐς πατρῴαν ἄλοχον ὑβρίζειν ἔτλης.
Theseus: Then you ought to have groaned and foreseen it, when you dared to outrage your father's wife.
§1074ὦ δώματ’, εἴθε φθέγμα γηρύσαισθέ μοι §1075καὶ μαρτυρήσαιτ’ εἰ κακὸς πέφυκ’ ἀνήρ.
Hippolytus: O halls, would that you could utter a voice for me and testify whether I am a wicked man by nature.
§1076ἐς τοὺς ἀφώνους μάρτυρας φεύγεις σοφῶς· §1077τὸ δ’ ἔργον οὐ λέγον σε μηνύει κακόν.
Theseus: You flee wisely to speechless witnesses; but the deed, though not speaking, reveals you as wicked.
§1078φεῦ·
Hippolytus: Alas!
§1078aεἴθ’ ἦν ἐμαυτὸν προσβλέπειν ἐναντίον §1079στάνθ’, ὡς ἐδάκρυσ’ οἷα πάσχομεν κακά.
Would that it were possible to stand opposite and look at myself, so that I might weep for the evils we suffer!
§1080πολλῷ γε μᾶλλον σαυτὸν ἤσκησας σέβειν §1081ἢ τοὺς τεκόντας ὅσια δρᾶν δίκαιος ὤν.
Theseus: You have trained yourself far more to revere yourself than to act piously toward your parents, as you ought.
§1082ὦ δυστάλαινα μῆτερ, ὦ πικραὶ γοναί·
Hippolytus: O wretched mother, O bitter birth!
§1083μηδείς ποτ’ εἴη τῶν ἐμῶν φίλων νόθος.
May none of my friends ever be a bastard.

Notes

  1. 1034ἐσωφρόνησεν οὐκ ἔχουσα σωφρονεῖν — A paradoxical wordplay using the root σωφρον-. It contrasts Phaedra, who "was temperate (by her death) although she was not able to be temperate (due to her passion)," with Hippolytus, who actually possesses temperance but cannot make good use of it to rescue himself.
  2. 1042εἰ γὰρ σὺ μὲν παῖς ἦσθ’... ἔκτεινά τοί σ’ ἂν — A contrary-to-fact conditional sentence. The protasis has the imperfect indicative ἦσθ’, and the apodosis has the aorist indicative with ἄν (ἔκτεινά... ἄν). Hippolytus states what he would have done under those reversed circumstances to emphasize the gravity of the crime he is accused of.
  3. 1078aεἴθ’ ἦν ἐμαυτὸν προσβλέπειν εναντίον στάνθ’ — An unattainable wish in the present, introduced by εἴθε with the imperfect indicative ἦν. It conveys the tragic cry: "If only I could stand opposite and look at myself." The masculine accusative singular participle στάνθ’ (for στάντα) agrees with the accusative subject of the infinitive, ἐμαυτὸν.

Cite this passage

Euripides, Hippolytus §1004-1083. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg005.humanitext-grc2:1004-1083

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