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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §8.71.1-8.71.3

Agis's Failed March on Athens and Envoys to Sparta

Passage 879 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Spartan king Agis advances to the walls of Athens hoping to exploit their internal confusion, but retreats after facing resistance. Subsequently, the Four Hundred send embassies to Lacedaemon for peace, encouraged by Agis's more receptive attitude.

§8.71.1ὁ δὲ νομίζων τὴν πόλιν οὐχ ἡσυχάζειν, οὐδ’ εὐθὺς οὕτω τὸν δῆμον τὴν παλαιὰν ἐλευθερίαν παραδώσειν, εἴ τε στρατιὰν πολλὴν ἴδοι σφῶν, οὐκ ἂν ἡσυχάζειν, οὐδ’ ἐν τῷ παρόντι πάνυ τι πιστεύων μὴ οὐκέτι ταράσσεσθαι αὐτούς, τοῖς μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν τετρακοσίων ἐλθοῦσιν οὐδὲν ξυμβατικὸν ἀπεκρίνατο, προσμεταπεμψάμενος δὲ ἐκ Πελοποννήσου στρατιὰν πολλὴν οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον καὶ αὐτὸς τῇ ἐκ τῆς Δεκελείας φρουρᾷ μετὰ τῶν ἐλθόντων κατέβη πρὸς αὐτὰ τὰ τείχη τῶν Ἀθηναίων, ἐλπίσας ἢ ταραχθέντας αὐτοὺς μᾶλλον ἂν χειρωθῆναι σφίσιν ᾗ βούλονται ἢ καὶ αὐτοβοεὶ ἂν διὰ τὸν ἔνδοθέν τε καὶ ἔξωθεν κατὰ τὸ εἰκὸς γενησόμενον θόρυβον· τῶν γὰρ μακρῶν τειχῶν διὰ τὴν κατ’ αὐτὰ ἐρημίαν λήψεως οὐκ ἂν ἁμαρτεῖν.
But Agis, thinking that the city was not in a state of quiet and that the people would not so easily surrender their ancient liberty, and that if they saw a large army of theirs, they would not remain quiet, and not believing at all for the present that they were no longer in confusion, made no conciliatory answer to those who came from the Four Hundred. Instead, having sent for an additional large army from Peloponnese, not long afterwards he himself, with the garrison of Decelea and those who had arrived, went down to the very walls of the Athenians, hoping that either they, being thrown into confusion, would be more easily subdued by them as they wished, or even that he would take the city without a blow, owing to the confusion that would likely arise both within and without (for he thought that, because of the lack of men along them, he would not fail to capture the long walls).
§8.71.2ὡς δὲ προσέμειξέ τε ἐγγὺς καὶ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τὰ μὲν ἔνδοθεν οὐδ’ ὁπωστιοῦν ἐκίνησαν, τοὺς δὲ ἱππέας ἐκπέμψαντες καὶ μέρος τι τῶν ὁπλιτῶν καὶ ψιλῶν καὶ τοξοτῶν ἄνδρας τε κατέβαλον αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ ἐγγὺς προσελθεῖν καὶ ὅπλων τινῶν καὶ νεκρῶν ἐκράτησαν, οὕτω δὴ γνοὺς ἀπήγαγε πάλιν τὴν στρατιάν.
But when he drew near, and the Athenians made not the slightest movement within, but sent out their cavalry, and a portion of their hoplites, light-armed troops, and archers, and cut down some of his men because they had approached too close, and got possession of some arms and dead bodies, only then did he realize the situation and lead his army back again.
§8.71.3καὶ αὐτὸς μὲν καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ κατὰ χώραν ἐν τῇ Δεκελείᾳ ἔμενον, τοὺς δ’ ἐπελθόντας ὀλίγας τινὰς ἡμέρας ἐν τῇ γῇ μείναντας ἀπέπεμψεν ἐπ’ οἴκου.
And he himself and those with him remained in their position at Decelea, but those who had come to reinforce him, after remaining a few days in the land, he sent back home.
μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο παρά τε τὸν Ἆγιν ἐπρεσβεύοντο οἱ τετρακόσιοι οὐδὲν ἧσσον, κἀκείνου μᾶλλον ἤδη προσδεχομένου καὶ παραινοῦντος ἐκπέμπουσι καὶ ἐς τὴν Λακεδαίμονα περὶ ξυμβάσεως πρέσβεις, βουλόμενοι διαλλαγῆναι.
After this, the Four Hundred sent embassies to Agis none the less; and as he was now more receptive and encouraged them, they also sent envoys to Lacedaemon to treat for peace, wishing to come to terms.

Notes

  1. §8.71.1μὴ οὐκέτι ταράσσεσθαι — This is an instance of the double negative `μὴ οὐ` with the infinitive after a verb containing a negative idea (`οὐδ’ ... πιστεύων`, "not believing at all"). The phrase `μὴ οὐκέτι ταράσσεσθαι` means "that they were not still in confusion," resulting in the overall meaning that he believed they *were* still in confusion.
  2. §8.71.1τῶν γὰρ μακρῶν τειχῶν διὰ τὴν κατ’ αὐτὰ ἐρημίαν λήψεως οὐκ ἂν ἁμαρτεῖν — Although containing the causal conjunction `γάρ` ("for"), this clause is grammatically an infinitive construction with `ἄν` (`οὐκ ἂν ἁμαρτεῖν` governing the genitive `λήψεως`, "would not fail to capture") dependent on the participle `ἐλπίσας` ("hoping"). This is a characteristic Thucydidean anacoluthon where an explanatory clause with `γάρ` is structurally integrated as an infinitive clause.
  3. §8.71.3κἀκείνου μᾶλλον ἤδη προσδεχομένου — A genitive absolute construction with `κἀκείνου` (crasis for `καὶ ἐκείνου`, referring to Agis) as the subject. It means "and since he was now more receptive," indicating that the subsequent sending of embassies to Lacedaemon was facilitated by Agis's change of attitude.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §8.71.1-8.71.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.71.1-8.71.3

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