§7.57.1τοσοίδε γὰρ ἑκάτεροι ἐπὶ Σικελίαν τε καὶ περὶ Σικελίας, τοῖς μὲν ξυγκτησόμενοι τὴν χώραν ἐλθόντες, τοῖς δὲ ξυνδιασώσοντες, ἐπὶ Συρακούσας ἐπολέμησαν, οὐ κατὰ δίκην τι μᾶλλον οὐδὲ κατὰ ξυγγένειαν μετ’ ἀλλήλων στάντες, ἀλλ’ ὡς ἑκάστοις τῆς ξυντυχίας ἢ κατὰ τὸ ξυμφέρον ἢ ἀνάγκῃ ἔσχεν.
This is how many on each side fought against Syracuse, having come to Sicily or on account of Sicily—some to help acquire the country, others to help preserve it—taking their stand with one side or the other not so much out of justice or kinship, but as the circumstances of each required, either for interest or by necessity.
§7.57.2Ἀθηναῖοι μὲν αὐτοὶ Ἴωνες ἐπὶ Δωριᾶς Συρακοσίους ἑκόντες ἦλθον, καὶ αὐτοῖς τῇ αὐτῇ φωνῇ καὶ νομίμοις ἔτι χρώμενοι Λήμνιοι καὶ Ἴμβριοι καὶ Αἰγινῆται, οἳ τότε Αἴγιναν εἶχον, καὶ ἔτι Ἑστιαιῆς οἱ ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ Ἑστίαιαν οἰκοῦντες ἄποικοι ὄντες ξυνεστράτευσαν.
The Athenians themselves, being Ionians, voluntarily went against the Syracusans, who were Dorians; and with them campaigned the Lemnians, Imbrians, and Aeginetans (who then held Aegina), as well as the Hestiaeans living in Hestiaea in Euboea, who, as colonists, still shared the same dialect and customs with them.
§7.57.3τῶν δ’ ἄλλων οἱ μὲν ὑπήκοοι,οἱ δ’ ἀπὸ ξυμμαχίας αὐτόνομοι, εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ οἳ μισθοφόροι ξυνεστράτευον.
Of the rest, some were subjects, others were independent allies, and there were also some who campaigned as mercenaries.
§7.57.4καὶ τῶν μὲν ὑπηκόων καὶ φόρου ὑποτελῶν Ἐρετριῆς καὶ Χαλκιδῆς καὶ Στυρῆς καὶ Καρύστιοι ἀπ’ Εὐβοίας ἦσαν, ἀπὸ δὲ νήσων Κεῖοι καὶ Ἄνδριοι καὶ Τήνιοι, ἐκ δ’ Ἰωνίας Μιλήσιοι καὶ Σάμιοι καὶ Χῖοι.
Among the subjects and tribute-paying allies, there were from Euboea the Eretrians, Chalcidians, Styrians, and Carystians; from the islands, the Ceans, Andrians, and Tenians; and from Ionia, the Milesians, Samians, and Chians.
τούτων Χῖοι οὐχ ὑποτελεῖς ὄντες φόρου, ναῦς δὲ παρέχοντες αὐτόνομοι ξυνέσποντο.
Of these, the Chians followed as independent allies, not paying tribute but providing ships.
καὶ τὸ πλεῖστον Ἴωνες ὄντες οὗτοι πάντες καὶ ἀπ’ Ἀθηναίων πλὴν Καρυστίων (οὗτοι δ’ εἰσὶ Δρύοπες), ὑπήκοοι δ’ ὄντες καὶ ἀνάγκῃ ὅμως Ἴωνές γε ἐπὶ Δωριᾶς ἠκολούθουν.
Almost all of these, except the Carystians (who are Dryopes), were Ionians and descendants of the Athenians; though they were subjects and acted under necessity, they nevertheless, as Ionians, followed against Dorians.
§7.57.5πρὸς δ’ αὐτοῖς Αἰολῆς, Μηθυμναῖοι μὲν ναυσὶ καὶ οὐ φόρῳ ὑπήκοοι, Τενέδιοι δὲ καὶ Αἴνιοι ὑποτελεῖς.
In addition to these were Aeolians: the Methymnaeans, who were subjects providing ships but not tribute, and the Tenedians and Aenians, who paid tribute.
οὗτοι δὲ Αἰολῆς Αἰολεῦσι τοῖς κτίσασι Βοιωτοῖς 〈τοῖς 〉 μετὰ Συρακοσίων κατ’ ἀνάγκην ἐμάχοντο, Πλαταιῆς δὲ καταντικρὺ Βοιωτοὶ Βοιωτοῖς μόνοι εἰκότως κατὰ τὸ ἔχθος.
These Aeolians were forced to fight against Aeolians—the Boeotians who had founded them and were now with the Syracusans. The Plataeans, however, being Boeotians, naturally fought against Boeotians, they alone being opposed to them out of hatred.
§7.57.6Ῥόδιοι δὲ καὶ Κυθήριοι Δωριῆς ἀμφότεροι, οἱ μὲν Λακεδαιμονίων ἄποικοι Κυθήριοι ἐπὶ Λακεδαιμονίους τοὺς ἅμα Γυλίππῳ μετ’ Ἀθηναίων ὅπλα ἔφερον, Ῥόδιοι δὲ Ἀργεῖοι γένος Συρακοσίοις μὲν Δωριεῦσι, Γελῴοις δὲ καὶ ἀποίκοις ἑαυτῶν οὖσι μετὰ Συρακοσίων στρατευομένοις ἠναγκάζοντο πολεμεῖν.
The Rhodians and Cytherians were both Dorians. The Cytherians, colonists of the Lacedaemonians, bore arms with the Athenians against the Lacedaemonians who were with Gylippus; while the Rhodians, Argive by descent, were forced to make war on the Syracusans, who were Dorians, and on the Gelaens, who were their own colonists and were campaigning with the Syracusans.
§7.57.7τῶν τε περὶ Πελοπόννησον νησιωτῶν Κεφαλλῆνες μὲν καὶ Ζακύνθιοι αὐτόνομοι μέν, κατὰ δὲ τὸ νησιωτικὸν μᾶλλον κατειργόμενοι, ὅτι θαλάσσης ἐκράτουν οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι, ξυνείποντο·
Of the islanders around the Peloponnese, the Cephallenians and Zacynthians were independent, but because the Athenians ruled the sea, they were constrained rather by their position as islanders to follow them.
Κερκυραῖοι δὲ οὐ μόνον Δωριῆς, ἀλλὰ καὶ Κορίνθιοι σαφῶς ἐπὶ Κορινθίους τε καὶ Συρακοσίους, τῶν μὲν ἄποικοι ὄντες, τῶν δὲ ξυγγενεῖς, ἀνάγκῃ μὲν ἐκ τοῦ εὐπρεποῦς, βουλήσει δὲ κατὰ ἔχθος τὸ Κορινθίων οὐχ ἧσσον εἵποντο.
The Corcyraeans, who were not only Dorians but also clearly Corinthians, followed against the Corinthians and Syracusans—being colonists of the former and kinsmen of the latter—under a plausible show of necessity, but no less by choice out of hatred for the Corinthians.
§7.57.8καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι νῦν καλούμενοι ἐκ Ναυπάκτου καὶ ἐκ Πύλου τότε ὑπ’ Ἀθηναίων ἐχομένης ἐς τὸν πόλεμον παρελήφθησαν.
Those now called Messenians were brought into the war from Naupactus and from Pylos, which was then held by the Athenians.
καὶ ἔτι Μεγαρέων φυγάδες οὐ πολλοὶ Μεγαρεῦσι Σελινουντίοις οὖσι κατὰ ξυμφορὰν ἐμάχοντο.
Furthermore, a few exiles from Megara fought, by a turn of misfortune, against Megarians who were of Selinus.
§7.57.9τῶν δὲ ἄλλων ἑκούσιος μᾶλλον ἡ στρατεία ἐγίγνετο ἤδη.
For the rest, the expedition was already more of a voluntary nature.
Ἀργεῖοι μὲν γὰρ οὐ τῆς ξυμμαχίας ἕνεκα μᾶλλον ἢ τῆς Λακεδαιμονίων τε ἔχθρας καὶ τῆς παραυτίκα ἕκαστοι ἰδίας ὠφελίας Δωριῆς ἐπὶ Δωριᾶς μετὰ Ἀθηναίων Ἰώνων ἠκολούθουν, Μαντινῆς δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι Ἀρκάδων μισθοφόροι ἐπὶ τοὺς αἰεὶ πολεμίους σφίσιν ἀποδεικνυμένους ἰέναι εἰωθότες καὶ τότε τοὺς μετὰ Κορινθίων ἐλθόντας Ἀρκάδας οὐδὲν ἧσσον διὰ κέρδος ἡγούμενοι πολεμίους, Κρῆτες δὲ καὶ Αἰτωλοὶ μισθῷ καὶ οὗτοι πεισθέντες·
The Argives, not so much because of their alliance as because of their hatred for the Lacedaemonians and the immediate private advantage of each, followed the Ionian Athenians against Dorians, though they were Dorians themselves; the Mantineans and other Arcadian mercenaries, accustomed to go against whoever was designated as their enemy, on this occasion too regarded the Arcadians who had come with the Corinthians as enemies no less for the sake of gain; and the Cretans and Aetolians were also induced by pay.
ξυνέβη δὲ τοῖς Κρησὶ τὴν Γέλαν Ῥοδίοις ξυγκτίσαντας μὴ ξὺν τοῖς ἀποίκοις, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀποίκους ἑκόντας μετὰ μισθοῦ ἐλθεῖν.
It so happened that the Cretans, who had helped the Rhodians found Gela, came, not on the side of their colonists, but against them, voluntarily and for pay.
§7.57.10καὶ Ἀκαρνάνων τινὲς ἅμα μὲν κέρδει, τὸ δὲ πλέον Δημοσθένους φιλίᾳ καὶ Ἀθηναίων εὐνοίᾳ ξύμμαχοι ὄντες ἐπεκούρησαν.
Some of the Acarnanians came to help as allies, partly for gain, but even more out of friendship with Demosthenes and goodwill toward the Athenians.
§7.57.11καὶ οἵδε μὲν τῷ Ἰονίῳ κόλπῳ ὁριζόμενοι·
These, then, were the peoples bounded by the Ionian Gulf.
Ἰταλιωτῶν δὲ Θούριοι καὶ Μεταπόντιοι ἐν τοιαύταις ἀνάγκαις τότε στασιωτικῶν καιρῶν κατειλημμένοι ξυνεστράτευον, καὶ Σικελιωτῶν Νάξιοι καὶ Καταναῖοι, βαρβάρων δὲ Ἐγεσταῖοί τε, οἵπερ ἐπηγάγοντο, καὶ Σικελῶν τὸ πλέον, καὶ τῶν ἔξω Σικελίας Τυρσηνῶν τέ τινες κατὰ διαφορὰν Συρακοσίων καὶ Ἰάπυγες μισθοφόροι.
From Italy, the Thurians and Metapontines, caught at that time in the necessities of factional crises, campaigned with them; from Sicily, the Naxians and Catanaeans; of the barbarians, the Egestaeans, who had brought them in, and the greater part of the Sicels; and from outside Sicily, some of the Tyrrhenians out of difference with the Syracusans, and Iapygian mercenaries.
τοσάδε μὲν μετὰ Ἀθηναίων ἔθνη ἐστράτευον.
So many were the nations that campaigned with the Athenians.