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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §7.56.1-7.56.4

Syracusan Blockade of the Harbor and Significance of the Battle

Passage 777 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Syracusans attempt to block the mouth of the harbor to prevent the Athenian escape, viewing this battle as a decisive opportunity for the liberation of Greece and their own glory. The historical significance of this conflict around Syracuse, involving numerous nations, is emphasized.

§7.56.1οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι τόν τε λιμένα εὐθὺς παρέπλεον ἀδεῶς καὶ τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ διενοοῦντο κλῄσειν, ὅπως μηκέτι, μηδ’ εἰ βούλοιντο, λάθοιεν αὐτοὺς οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐκπλεύσαντες.
The Syracusans immediately sailed about the harbor without fear and resolved to block its mouth, so that the Athenians could no longer, even if they wished, sail out undetected by them.
§7.56.2οὐ γὰρ περὶ τοῦ αὐτοὶ σωθῆναι μόνον ἔτι τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν ἐποιοῦντο, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὅπως ἐκείνους κωλύσουσι, νομίζοντες ὅπερ ἦν, ἀπό τε τῶν παρόντων πολὺ σφῶν καθυπέρτερα τὰ πράγματα εἶναι καί, εἰ δύναιντο κρατῆσαι Ἀθηναίων τε καὶ τῶν ξυμμάχων καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλασσαν, καλὸν σφίσιν ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας τὸ ἀγώνισμα φανεῖσθαι·
For they were no longer making plans only for their own preservation, but also how they might prevent the enemy from escaping; they believed, as was indeed the case, that their own prospects were far superior under the present circumstances, and that if they could defeat the Athenians and their allies both by land and by sea, their achievement would appear glorious to the Greeks.
τούς τε γὰρ ἄλλους Ἕλληνας εὐθὺς τοὺς μὲν ἐλευθεροῦσθαι, τοὺς δὲ φόβου ἀπολύεσθαι (οὐ γὰρ ἔτι δυνατὴν ἔσεσθαι τὴν ὑπόλοιπον Ἀθηναίων δύναμιν τὸν ὕστερον ἐπενεχθησόμενον πόλεμον ἐνεγκεῖν), καὶ αὐτοὶ δόξαντες αὐτῶν αἴτιοι εἶναι ὑπό τε τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἔπειτα πολὺ θαυμασθήσεσθαι.
For they thought that the rest of the Greeks would immediately, some be liberated, and others be freed from fear (since the remaining power of the Athenians would no longer be able to bear the war that would be brought against them afterwards), and they themselves, being regarded as the causes of this, would be greatly admired both by men of the present and by posterity.
§7.56.3καὶ ἦν δὲ ἄξιος ὁ ἀγὼν κατά τε ταῦτα καὶ ὅτι οὐχὶ Ἀθηναίων μόνον περιεγίγνοντο, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων πολλῶν ξυμμάχων, καὶ οὐδ’ αὐτοὶ αὖ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ τῶν ξυμβοηθησάντων σφίσιν, ἡγεμόνες τε γενόμενοι μετὰ Κορινθίων καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ τὴν σφετέραν πόλιν ἐμπαρασχόντες προκινδυνεῦσαί τε καὶ τοῦ ναυτικοῦ μέγα μέρος προκόψαντες.
And the struggle was worthy of admiration both for these reasons and because they were prevailing not over the Athenians alone, but also over their numerous allies, and not by themselves alone either, but also in company with those who had come to assist them, having become leaders alongside the Corinthians and Lacedaemonians, and having offered their own city to bear the brunt of the danger, and having made great progress toward providing the bulk of the navy.
§7.56.4ἔθνη γὰρ πλεῖστα δὴ ἐπὶ μίαν πόλιν ταύτην ξυνῆλθε, πλήν γε δὴ τοῦ ξύμπαντος λόγου τοῦ ἐν τῷδε τῷ πολέμῳ πρὸς τὴν Ἀθηναίων τε πόλιν καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων.
For indeed, the greatest number of nations gathered against this single city, except for the sum total of those engaged in this whole war against the cities of the Athenians and Lacedaemonians.

Notes

  1. 7.56.1λάθοιεν αὐτοὺς οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐκπλεύσαντες — The verb λανθάνω combined with the participle ἐκπλεύσαντες forms the idiomatic construction meaning "to do something undetected." Inside the purpose clause introduced by ὅπως, the optative (λάθοιεν) is used in sequence with the imperfect main verb (διενοοῦντο).
  2. 7.56.2νομίζοντες ὅπερ ἦν, ἀπό τε τῶν παρόντων πολὺ σφῶν καθυπέρτερα τὰ πράγματα εἶναι — This marks the beginning of the indirect discourse (accusative with infinitive) governed by νομίζοντες (causal participle). τὰ πράγματα εἶναι is the main structure, with the comparative adjective καθυπέρτερα acting as the predicate. σφῶν is the genitive of comparison, referring to the Syracusans themselves. The parenthesis ὅπερ ἦν expresses an objective validation ("as was indeed the case").
  3. 7.56.2τούς τε γὰρ ἄλλους Ἕλληνας εὐθὺς τοὺς μὲν ἐλευθεροῦσθαι, τοὺς δὲ φόβου ἀπολύεσθαι — This is a continuation of the indirect discourse depending on νομίζοντες. The whole-part apposition (schēma kath' holon kai meros) is used: the general accusative τοὺς ἄλλους Ἕλληνας is divided into τοὺς μέν and τοὺς δέ, which are subjects to the present infinitives ἐλευθεροῦσθαι and ἀπολύεσθαι respectively.
  4. 7.56.3καὶ τὴν σφετέραν πόλιν ἐμπαρασχόντες προκινδυνεῦσαί τε καὶ τοῦ ναυτικοῦ μέγα μέρος προκόψαντες — The infinitive προκινδυνεῦσαι depends on the participle ἐμπαρασχόντες ("having offered"), expressing purpose or result ("to bear the brunt of danger"). In the following participle phrase, προκόψαντες (from προκόπτω, meaning "to make progress" or "to advance") governs the genitive τοῦ ναυτικοῦ, indicating that they made a great contribution to the naval development or victory.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §7.56.1-7.56.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.56.1-7.56.4

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