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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §7.47.1-7.47.4

Athenian Council of War and Demosthenes' Call for Retreat

Passage 768 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Facing defeat and the exhaustion of their army due to sickness and the marshy camp, the Athenian generals hold a council, where Demosthenes advocates for immediate retreat, arguing that further delay is futile.

§7.47.1οἱ δὲ τῶν Ἀθηναίων στρατηγοὶ ἐν τούτῳ ἐβουλεύοντο πρός τε τὴν γεγενημένην ξυμφορὰν καὶ πρὸς τὴν παροῦσαν ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ κατὰ πάντα ἀρρωστίαν.
this time, the Athenian generals held a council, looking to the disaster that had occurred and the present exhaustion in every respect within the camp.
τοῖς τε γὰρ ἐπιχειρήμασιν ἑώρων οὐ κατορθοῦντες καὶ τοὺς στρατιώτας ἀχθομένους τῇ μονῇ· §7.47.2νόσῳ τε γὰρ ἐπιέζοντο κατ’ ἀμφότερα, τῆς τε ὥρας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ταύτης οὔσης ἐν ᾗ ἀσθενοῦσιν ἄνθρωποι μάλιστα, καὶ τὸ χωρίον ἅμα ἐν ᾧ ἐστρατοπεδεύοντο ἑλῶδες καὶ χαλεπὸν ἦν, τά τε ἄλλα ὅτι ἀνέλπιστα αὐτοῖς ἐφαίνετο. §7.47.3τῷ οὖν Δημοσθένει οὐκ ἐδόκει ἔτι χρῆναι μένειν, ἀλλ’ ἅπερ καὶ διανοηθεὶς ἐς τὰς Ἐπιπολὰς διεκινδύνευσεν, ἐπειδὴ ἔσφαλτο, ἀπιέναι ἐψηφίζετο καὶ μὴ διατρίβειν, ἕως ἔτι τὸ πέλαγος οἷόν τε περαιοῦσθαι καὶ τοῦ στρατεύματος ταῖς γοῦν ἐπελθούσαις ναυσὶ κρατεῖν. §7.47.4καὶ τῇ πόλει ὠφελιμώτερον ἔφη εἶναι πρὸς τοὺς ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ σφῶν ἐπιτειχίζοντας τὸν πόλεμον ποιεῖσθαι ἢ Συρακοσίους, οὓς οὐκέτι ῥᾴδιον εἶναι χειρώσασθαι· οὐδ’ αὖ ἄλλως χρήματα πολλὰ δαπανῶντας εἰκὸς εἶναι προσκαθῆσθαι.
For they saw that they were not succeeding in their enterprises and that the soldiers were distressed by their delay;, they were afflicted with sickness on both accounts—it being that season of the year in which men are most prone to illness, and at the same time the place where they were encamped was marshy and unhealthy; and furthermore, everything else appeared hopeless to them., it did not seem to Demosthenes that they should remain any longer, but rather, since the very plan for which he had risked the attack on Epipolae had failed, he voted to depart and not to waste time, while it was still possible to cross the sea and while they still held the upper hand, at least with the ships of the army that had recently arrived. he said that it was more beneficial for the state to carry on the war against those who were building fortifications in their own territory than against the Syracusans, whom it was no longer easy to subdue; nor, on the other hand, was it reasonable for them to sit down before the city and spend vast sums of money to no purpose.

Notes

  1. 7.47.2κατ’ ἀμφότερα — Meaning 'on both accounts' or 'in both ways'. It anticipates the two following clauses that explain the causes of their illness: the temporal factor (the season of the year, introduced by 'τῆς τε ὥρας...') and the spatial factor (the marshy and unhealthy camp, introduced by 'καὶ τὸ χωρίον...').
  2. 7.47.3τοῦ στρατεύματος ταῖς γοῦν ἐπελθούσαις ναυσὶ κρατεῖν — The genitive 'τοῦ στρατεύματος' is best understood as a partitive genitive depending on the dative phrase 'ταῖς ἐπελθούσαις ναυσί' ('with at least the newly arrived ships of the army'). This phrase modifies the intransitive 'κρατεῖν' ('to hold the upper hand'), indicating that the Athenians still maintained superiority thanks to the newly arrived reinforcements.
  3. 7.47.4πρὸς τοὺς ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ σφῶν ἐπιτειχίζοντας — The word 'σφῶν' is the genitive of the indirect reflexive pronoun, referring back to the main subject (the Athenians). It means 'those who are building fortifications in their own territory', referring to the Spartans who had fortified Decelea in Attica.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §7.47.1-7.47.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.47.1-7.47.4

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