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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §7.43.1-7.43.7

Night Attack on Epipolae and Boeotian Repulse

Passage 764 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Demosthenes resolved to launch a night attack on Epipolae, initially gaining the upper hand by surprising the Syracusans and capturing their fortifications. However, as the Athenian forces advanced in disorder, the Boeotians made a stand, repulsing them and putting them to flight.

§7.43.1ἔπειτα μηχαναῖς ἔδοξε τῷ Δημοσθένει πρότερον ἀποπειρᾶσαι τοῦ παρατειχίσματος.
Thereupon Demosthenes resolved to make an attempt on the counter-wall first with engines.
ὡς δὲ αὐτῷ προσαγαγόντι κατεκαύθησάν τε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐναντίων ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους ἀμυνομένων αἱ μηχαναὶ καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ στρατιᾷ πολλαχῇ προσβάλλοντες ἀπεκρούοντο, οὐκέτι ἐδόκει διατρίβειν, ἀλλὰ πείσας τόν τε Νικίαν καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ξυνάρχοντας, ὡς ἐπενόει, τὴν ἐπιχείρησιν τῶν Ἐπιπολῶν ἐποιεῖτο.
But when, as he brought them up, the engines were burnt by the enemy defending themselves from the wall, and the Athenians, attacking at many points with the rest of the army, were repulsed, he thought it best to delay no longer; but having persuaded Nicias and his other colleagues, he proceeded to make the attempt upon Epipolae, as he had intended.
§7.43.2καὶ ἡμέρας μὲν ἀδύνατα ἐδόκει εἶναι λαθεῖν προσελθόντας τε καὶ ἀναβάντας, παραγγείλας δὲ πέντε ἡμερῶν σιτία καὶ τοὺς λιθολόγους καὶ τέκτονας πάντας λαβὼν καὶ ἄλλην παρασκευὴν τοξευμάτων τε καὶ ὅσα ἔδει, ἢν κρατῶσι, τειχίζοντας ἔχειν, αὐτὸς μὲν ἀπὸ πρώτου ὕπνου καὶ Εὐρυμέδων καὶ Μένανδρος ἀναλαβὼν τὴν πᾶσαν στρατιὰν ἐχώρει πρὸς τὰς Ἐπιπολάς, Νικίας δὲ ἐν τοῖς τείχεσιν ὑπελέλειπτο.
And as it seemed impossible to approach and ascend by day without being observed, having ordered provisions for five days and taking all the stone-cutters and masons, and an adequate supply of other equipment, both arrows and everything that they would need to keep building walls if they should prevail, he himself, with Eurymedon and Menander, taking the whole army, set out for Epipolae at the time of the first sleep, while Nicias was left behind in the fortifications.
§7.43.3καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἐγένοντο πρὸς αὐταῖς κατὰ τὸν Εὐρύηλον, ᾗπερ καὶ ἡ προτέρα στρατιὰ τὸ πρῶτον ἀνέβη, λανθάνουσί τε τοὺς φύλακας τῶν Συρακοσίων, καὶ προσβάντες τὸ τείχισμα ὃ ἦν αὐτόθι τῶν Συρακοσίων αἱροῦσι καὶ ἄνδρας τῶν φυλάκων ἀποκτείνουσιν.
And when they reached Epipolae at Euryelus, where the former army also had first ascended, they escaped the notice of the guards of the Syracusans, and having ascended, they captured the fort of the Syracusans which was there and killed some of the guards.
§7.43.4οἱ δὲ πλείους διαφυγόντες εὐθὺς πρὸς τὰ στρατόπεδα, ἃ ἦν ἐπὶ τῶν Ἐπιπολῶν τρία ἐν προτειχίσμασιν, ἓν μὲν τῶν Συρακοσίων, ἓν δὲ τῶν ἄλλων Σικελιωτῶν, ἓν δὲ τῶν ξυμμάχων, ἀγγέλλουσι τὴν ἔφοδον καὶ τοῖς ἑξακοσίοις τῶν Συρακοσίων, οἳ καὶ πρῶτοι κατὰ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος τῶν Ἐπιπολῶν φύλακες ἦσαν, ἔφραζον.
But the greater part of them fled immediately towards the three camps upon Epipolae which were within outworks, one of the Syracusans, one of the other Siceliots, and one of the allies, and reported the attack; they also told the six hundred of the Syracusans who were the first guards along this part of Epipolae.
§7.43.5οἱ δ’ ἐβοήθουν τ’ εὐθύς, καὶ αὐτοῖς ὁ Δημοσθένης καὶ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐντυχόντες ἀμυνομένους προθύμως ἔτρεψαν.
These immediately came to the rescue, and Demosthenes and the Athenians, meeting them, routed them as they defended themselves vigorously.
καὶ αὐτοὶ μὲν εὐθὺς ἐχώρουν ἐς τὸ πρόσθεν, ὅπως τῇ παρούσῃ ὁρμῇ τοῦ περαίνεσθαι ὧν ἕνεκα ἦλθον μὴ βραδεῖς γένωνται· ἄλλοι δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης τὸ παρατείχισμα τῶν Συρακοσίων οὐχ ὑπομενόντων τῶν φυλάκων ᾕρουν τε καὶ τὰς ἐπάλξεις ἀπέσυρον.
And they themselves immediately advanced forward, so that they might not be slow in accomplishing the purpose for which they had come while they had their present momentum; while others, starting from the first, captured the counter-wall of the Syracusans, as the guards did not withstand them, and pulled down the battlements.
§7.43.6οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι καὶ οἱ ξύμμαχοι καὶ ὁ Γύλιππος καὶ οἱ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἐβοήθουν ἐκ τῶν προτειχισμάτων, καὶ ἀδοκήτου τοῦ τολμήματος σφίσιν ἐν νυκτὶ γενομένου προσέβαλόν τε τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐκπεπληγμένοι καὶ βιασθέντες ὑπ’ αὐτῶν τὸ πρῶτον ὑπεχώρησαν.
But the Syracusans and their allies, and Gylippus and his men, came to the rescue from the outworks, and as the unexpected daring attempt had been made upon them in the night, they attacked the Athenians in a state of consternation, and being forced back by them, retreated at first.
§7.43.7προϊόντων δὲ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἐν ἀταξίᾳ μᾶλλον ἤδη ὡς κεκρατηκότων καὶ βουλομένων διὰ παντὸς τοῦ μήπω μεμαχημένου τῶν ἐναντίων ὡς τάχιστα διελθεῖν, ἵνα μὴ ἀνέντων σφῶν τῆς ἐφόδου αὖθις ξυστραφῶσιν, οἱ Βοιωτοὶ πρῶτοι αὐτοῖς ἀντέσχον καὶ προσβαλόντες ἔτρεψάν τε καὶ ἐς φυγὴν κατέστησαν.
But as the Athenians were advancing already in greater disorder, as if they had conquered and wishing to pass through as quickly as possible all that part of the enemy which had not yet fought, so that they might not rally again when the Athenians relaxed their attack, the Boeotians first resisted them, and charging them, routed them and put them to flight.

Notes

  1. §7.43.1αὐτῷ προσαγαγόντι — Dative participle in agreement with `αὐτῷ` (referring back to `τῷ Δημοσθένει` in the preceding sentence). It functions circumstantially ("when he brought them up"), acting as an adverbial clause without resorting to a genitive absolute.
  2. §7.43.2ἀδύνατα — Neuter plural adjective used as a predicate in an impersonal construction (`ἐδόκει εἶναι`). In Greek, particularly in Thucydides, the plural form is frequently used instead of the singular (`ἀδύνατον`) in impersonal expressions, with the infinitive `λαθεῖν` functioning as the subject.
  3. §7.43.2ἀναλαβὼν — Although the grammatical subject consists of multiple individuals (`αὐτὸς μὲν ... καὶ Εὐρυμέδων καὶ Μένανδρος`), both the participle `ἀναλαβὼν` and the main verb `ἐχώρει` are in the singular. This occurs because Demosthenes (`αὐτός`), as the chief architect of the operation, is treated as the primary subject, overriding the plural agreement.
  4. §7.43.5ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης — An idiomatic expression with the omission of a feminine noun (such as `ἐφόδου`, `ὁρμῆς`, or `ἀρχῆς`), meaning "from the very first," "at the first onset," or "immediately." It describes how another detachment of Athenians immediately captured the counter-wall in the initial stage of the attack.
  5. §7.43.7τοῦ μήπω μεμαχημένου τῶν ἐναντίων — Genitive of object governed by the preposition `διὰ` ("through"). The neuter singular participle `τοῦ ... μεμαχημένου` functions substantively, meaning "the part that had not yet fought." `τῶν ἐναντίων` ("of the enemy") is a partitive genitive qualifying this substantivized participle.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §7.43.1-7.43.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:7.43.1-7.43.7

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