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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §6.64.1-6.64.3

Athenian Stratagem to Lure Out the Syracusans

Passage 680 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Athenian generals, aiming to draw the Syracusans out of their city and safely secure a camp, send a Catanaean as a double agent to falsely propose a surprise attack on the Athenian army.

§6.64.1ἃ γιγνώσκοντες οἱ στρατηγοὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων καὶ βουλόμενοι αὐτοὺς ἄγειν πανδημεὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ὅτι πλεῖστον, αὐτοὶ δὲ ταῖς ναυσὶν ἐν τοσούτῳ ὑπὸ νύκτα παραπλεύσαντες στρατόπεδον καταλαμβάνειν ἐν ἐπιτηδείῳ καθ’ ἡσυχίαν, εἰδότες οὐκ ἂν ὁμοίως δυνηθέντες καὶ εἰ ἐκ τῶν νεῶν πρὸς παρεσκευασμένους ἐκβιβάζοιεν ἢ κατὰ γῆν ἰόντες γνωσθεῖεν (τοὺς γὰρ ἂν ψιλοὺς τοὺς σφῶν καὶ τὸν ὄχλον τῶν Συρακοσίων τοὺς ἱππέας πολλοὺς ὄντας, σφίσι δ’ οὐ παρόντων ἱππέων, βλάπτειν ἂν μεγάλα, οὕτω δὲ λήψεσθαι χωρίον ὅθεν ὑπὸ τῶν ἱππέων οὐ βλάψονται ἄξια λόγου· ἐδίδασκον δ’ αὐτοὺς περὶ τοῦ πρὸς τῷ Ὀλυμπιείῳ χωρίου, ὅπερ καὶ κατέλαβον, Συρακοσίων φυγάδες, οἳ ξυνείποντο), τοιόνδε τι οὖν πρὸς ἃ ἐβούλοντο οἱ στρατηγοὶ μηχανῶνται. §6.64.2πέμπουσιν ἄνδρα σφίσι μὲν πιστόν, τοῖς δὲ τῶν Συρακοσίων στρατηγοῖς τῇ δοκήσει οὐχ ἧσσον ἐπιτήδειον·
The Athenian generals, aware of these facts and wishing to draw the Syracusans as far as possible in full force out of their city, while they themselves in the meantime might sail along the coast by night with their ships and quietly occupy a camp in a suitable place—knowing that they would not be able to do so in like manner if they should either disembark from the ships against prepared enemies or be discovered while marching by land (for they calculated that the numerous Syracusan cavalry would greatly harm their light-armed troops and the crowd of followers, as they themselves had no cavalry present, whereas by this plan they would secure a position from which they would not receive any damage worth mentioning from the cavalry; and indeed, Syracusan exiles who accompanied them were instructing them about the place near the Olympieum, which they actually occupied)—therefore devised a scheme of the following kind to achieve their purpose.\n They sent a man who was faithful to themselves, but in appearance no less friendly to the generals of the Syracusans.
ἦν δὲ Καταναῖος ὁ ἀνήρ, καὶ ἀπ’ ἀνδρῶν ἐκ τῆς Κατάνης ἥκειν ἔφη ὧν ἐκεῖνοι τὰ ὀνόματα ἐγίγνωσκον καὶ ἠπίσταντο ἐν τῇ πόλει ἔτι ὑπολοίπους ὄντας τῶν σφίσιν εὔνων. §6.64.3ἔλεγε δὲ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους αὐλίζεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν ὅπλων ἐν τῇ πόλει, καὶ εἰ βούλονται ἐκεῖνοι πανδημεὶ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ῥητῇ ἅμα ἕῳ ἐπὶ τὸ στράτευμα ἐλθεῖν, αὐτοὶ μὲν ἀποκλῄσειν τοὺς παρὰ σφίσι καὶ τὰς ναῦς ἐμπρήσειν, ἐκείνους δὲ ῥᾳδίως τὸ στράτευμα προσβαλόντας τῷ σταυρώματι αἱρήσειν· εἶναι δὲ ταῦτα τοὺς ξυνδράσοντας πολλοὺς Καταναίων καὶ ἡτοιμάσθαι ἤδη, ἀφ’ ὧν αὐτὸς ἥκειν.
This man was a Catanaean, and he said he had come from certain men in Catana whose names they recognized and knew to be still left in the city among those well-disposed to them.\n He told them that the Athenians were bivouacking away from their arms in the city, and that if the Syracusans wished to march against the army with their whole force on an appointed day at dawn, the people in Catana would shut up those Athenians who were lodging with them and set fire to their ships, while the Syracusans, attacking the camp at the palisade, could easily capture it; he added that there were many of the Catanaeans who would join in this action and that they were already prepared, from whom he himself had come.

Notes

  1. §6.64.1βουλόμενοι αὐτοὺς ἄγειν ... αὐτοὶ δὲ ... καταλαμβάνειν — The infinitive καταλαμβάνειν depends on βουλόμενοι and is coordinate with αὐτοὺς ἄγειν. It means "wishing to lead them (the Syracusans)... and wishing themselves to occupy...".
  2. §6.64.1εἰδότες οὐκ ἂν ὁμοίως δυνηθέντες — The participle δυνηθέντες with the particle ἄν represents a potential optative (ἂν δυνηθεῖεν) in indirect discourse after εἰδότες, meaning "knowing that they would not be able in like manner [if...]".
  3. §6.64.1ὁμοίως... καὶ εἰ — A comparative idiom meaning "in like manner as if". Here it implies they would not have the same facility as they would otherwise have if they had to disembark or march by land and be discovered.
  4. §6.64.1τοὺς γὰρ ἂν ψιλοὺς ... βλάπτειν ἂν μεγάλα — An accusative and infinitive construction introduced by γάρ, continuing the indirect discourse from εἰδότες (or an implied verb of thinking). βλάπτειν ἂν represents a potential optative (ἂν βλάπτοιεν). The subject of the infinitive is τοὺς ἱππέας and the object is τοὺς ψιλοὺς ... καὶ τὸν ὄχλον.
  5. §6.64.3ἀπὸ τῶν ὅπλων — Literally "away from the arms". Here τὰ ὅπλα refers to the camp or the place where arms are piled, indicating that the Athenian soldiers were dispersed and lodging in private houses in the city without proper military vigilance.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §6.64.1-6.64.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.64.1-6.64.3

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