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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §6.61.1-6.61.7

The Recall and Escape of Alcibiades

Passage 677 of 917 · Greek

Summary

As suspicion against Alcibiades intensified in Athens due to a nearby Lacedaemonian force and unrest in Argos, the Athenians dispatched the state galley Salaminia to recall him from Sicily. Alcibiades, however, escaped at Thurii during the return voyage, fled to the Peloponnese, and was subsequently condemned to death in his absence.

§6.61.1περὶ δὲ τοῦ Ἀλκιβιάδου ἐναγόντων τῶν ἐχθρῶν, οἵπερ καὶ πρὶν ἐκπλεῖν αὐτὸν ἐπέθεντο, χαλεπῶς οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐλάμβανον· καὶ ἐπειδὴ τὸ τῶν Ἑρμῶν ᾤοντο σαφὲς ἔχειν, πολὺ δὴ μᾶλλον καὶ τὰ μυστικά, ὧν ἐπαίτιος ἦν, μετὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ λόγου καὶ τῆς ξυνωμοσίας ἐπὶ τῷ δήμῳ ἀπ’ ἐκείνου ἐδόκει πραχθῆναι.
As for Alcibiades, the Athenians took the matter seriously, as his enemies, who had also attacked him before he sailed, kept urging them on; and when they believed they had clear knowledge of the affair of the Herms, they were now much more convinced that the affair of the mysteries, in which he was implicated, had also been performed by him with the same design and as part of the conspiracy against the democracy.
§6.61.2καὶ γάρ τις καὶ στρατιὰ Λακεδαιμονίων οὐ πολλὴ ἔτυχε κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον ἐν ᾧ περὶ ταῦτα ἐθορυβοῦντο μέχρι Ἰσθμοῦ παρελθοῦσα, πρὸς Βοιωτούς τι πράσσοντες.
For indeed, a small army of Lacedaemonians happened at this very time, while they were in a state of excitement about these matters, to have advanced as far as the Isthmus, acting in some negotiation with the Boeotians.
ἐδόκει οὖν ἐκείνου πράξαντος καὶ οὐ Βοιωτῶν ἕνεκα ἀπὸ ξυνθήματος ἥκειν, καὶ εἰ μὴ ἔφθασαν δὴ αὐτοὶ κατὰ τὸ μήνυμα ξυλλαβόντες τοὺς ἄνδρας, προδοθῆναι ἂν ἡ πόλις.
It seemed, therefore, that they had come by agreement through his management and not for the sake of the Boeotians, and that if they themselves had not forestalled them by arresting the men in accordance with the information, the city would have been betrayed.
καί τινα μίαν νύκτα καὶ κατέδαρθον ἐν Θησείῳ τῷ ἐν πόλει ἐν ὅπλοις.
And for one night they even slept in arms in the Theseum within the city.
§6.61.3οἵ τε ξένοι τοῦ Ἀλκιβιάδου οἱ ἐν Ἄργει κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον ὑπωπτεύθησαν τῷ δήμῳ ἐπιτίθεσθαι, καὶ τοὺς ὁμήρους τῶν Ἀργείων τοὺς ἐν ταῖς νήσοις κειμένους οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τότε παρέδοσαν τῷ Ἀργείων δήμῳ διὰ ταῦτα διαχρήσασθαι.
Moreover, the guest-friends of Alcibiades in Argos were suspected at the same time of plotting against the democracy, and the Athenians on this account delivered up the Argive hostages who were kept in the islands to the Argive people to be put to death.
§6.61.4πανταχόθεν τε περιειστήκει ὑποψία ἐς τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην.
Thus suspicion surrounded Alcibiades on all sides.
ὥστε βουλόμενοι αὐτὸν ἐς κρίσιν ἀγαγόντες ἀποκτεῖναι, πέμπουσιν οὕτω τὴν Σαλαμινίαν ναῦν ἐς τὴν Σικελίαν ἐπί τε ἐκεῖνον καὶ ὧν πέρι ἄλλων ἐμεμήνυτο.
Consequently, wishing to bring him to trial and put him to death, they sent the ship Salaminia to Sicily to fetch him and the others against whom information had been given.
§6.61.5εἴρητο δὲ προειπεῖν αὐτῷ ἀπολογησομένῳ ἀκολουθεῖν, ξυλλαμβάνειν δὲ μή, θεραπεύοντες τό τε πρὸς τοὺς ἐν τῇ Σικελίᾳ στρατιώτας τε σφετέρους καὶ πολεμίους μὴ θορυβεῖν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τοὺς Μαντινέας καὶ Ἀργείους βουλόμενοι παραμεῖναι, δι’ ἐκείνου νομίζοντες πεισθῆναι σφίσι ξυστρατεύειν.
But they had been ordered to tell him to follow them to make his defense, but not to arrest him, being careful not to cause a tumult among their own soldiers in Sicily and the enemy, and wishing above all that the Mantineans and Argives should remain, whom they believed had been persuaded by him to join the expedition.
§6.61.6καὶ ὁ μὲν ἔχων τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ναῦν καὶ οἱ ξυνδιαβεβλημένοι ἀπέπλεον μετὰ τῆς Σαλαμινίας ἐκ τῆς Σικελίας ὡς ἐς τὰς Ἀθήνας· καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἐγένοντο ἐν Θουρίοις, οὐκέτι ξυνείποντο, ἀλλ’ ἀπελθόντες ἀπὸ τῆς νεὼς οὐ φανεροὶ ἦσαν, δείσαντες τὸ ἐπὶ διαβολῇ ἐς δίκην καταπλεῦσαι.
So he, having his own ship, and those who had been accused with him, sailed away from Sicily in company with the Salaminia, as if for Athens; but when they arrived at Thurii, they no longer followed, but leaving their ship, they disappeared, fearing to sail home for trial under prejudice.
§6.61.7οἱ δ’ ἐκ τῆς Σαλαμινίας τέως μὲν ἐζήτουν τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην καὶ τοὺς μετ’ αὐτοῦ· ὡς δ᾽ οὐδαμοῦ φανεροὶ ἦσαν, ᾤχοντο ἀποπλέοντες.
Those on the Salaminia searched for Alcibiades and his companions for a time, but when they were nowhere to be seen, they sailed away.
ὁ δὲ Ἀλκιβιάδης ἤδη φυγὰς ὢν οὐ πολὺ ὕστερον ἐπὶ πλοίου ἐπεραιώθη ἐς Πελοπόννησον ἐκ τῆς Θουρίας· οἱ δ’ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐρήμῃ δίκῃ θάνατον κατέγνωσαν αὐτοῦ τε καὶ τῶν μετ’ ἐκείνου.
Alcibiades, now an exile, crossed over in a boat from Thurii to the Peloponnese not long after; and the Athenians condemned him and his companions to death in their absence.

Notes

  1. §6.61.1ἐναγόντων τῶν ἐχθρῶν — Genitive absolute construction expressing cause, with a subject distinct from the main subject (οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι). The relative clause οἵπερ... ἐπέθεντο modifies ἐχθρῶν.
  2. §6.61.2εἰ μὴ ἔφθασαν δὴ αὐτοὶ κατὰ τὸ μήνυμα ξυλλαβόντες τοὺς ἄνδρας, προδοθῆναι ἂν ἡ πόλις — A past contrary-to-fact conditional sentence in indirect discourse depending on ἐδόκει. The protasis has the past indicative (ἔφθασαν), and the apodosis is expressed by the infinitive with ἄν (προδοθῆναι ἂν), which would be προὐδόθη ἄν in direct discourse. The participle ξυλλαβόντες is used with ἔφθασαν to express the idea of doing something beforehand.
  3. §6.61.3διαχρήσασθαι — Infinitive of purpose, explaining the objective for which the Athenians delivered the hostages to the Argive people (for them to put them to death).
  4. §6.61.5εἴρητο δὲ προειπεῖν αὐτῷ ἀπολογησομένῳ ἀκολουθεῖν — The impersonal passive εἴρητο ('it had been ordered') takes the infinitive προειπεῖν as its subject. αὐτῷ is the indirect object of προειπεῖν ('to tell him, i.e., Alcibiades'), and the following infinitive ἀκολουθεῖν ('to follow') represents the content of what he was told to do. The future participle ἀπολογησομένῳ agrees with αὐτῷ and expresses purpose ('in order to make his defense').

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §6.61.1-6.61.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.61.1-6.61.7

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