Humanitext Reader

Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §6.60.1-6.60.5

Confession of a Suspect in the Mutilation of the Herms

Passage 676 of 917 · Greek

Summary

Amid growing public suspicion and escalating arrests in Athens, one of the main suspects was persuaded by a fellow prisoner to confess to the mutilation of the Herms, leading to immediate executions and releases which restored temporary peace to the city.

§6.60.1ὧν ἐνθυμούμενος ὁ δῆμος ὁ τῶν Ἀθηναίων, καὶ μιμνῃσκόμενος ὅσα ἀκοῇ περὶ αὐτῶν ἠπίστατο, χαλεπὸς ἦν τότε καὶ ὑπόπτης ἐς τοὺς περὶ τῶν μυστικῶν τὴν αἰτίαν λαβόντας, καὶ πάντα αὐτοῖς ἐδόκει ἐπὶ ξυνωμοσίᾳ ὀλιγαρχικῇ καὶ τυραννικῇ πεπρᾶχθαι.
Reflecting on these things, the Athenian people, recalling all that they knew by hearsay about them, became at that time harsh and suspicious towards those who had received the blame regarding the mysteries, and it seemed to them that everything had been done for an oligarchic and tyrannical conspiracy.
§6.60.2καὶ ὡς αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ τοιοῦτον ὀργιζομένων πολλοί τε καὶ ἀξιόλογοι ἄνθρωποι ἤδη ἐν τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ ἦσαν καὶ οὐκ ἐν παύλῃ ἐφαίνετο, ἀλλὰ καθ’ ἡμέραν ἐπεδίδοσαν μᾶλλον ἐς τὸ ἀγριώτερόν τε καὶ πλείους ἔτι ξυλλαμβάνειν, ἐνταῦθα ἀναπείθεται εἷς τῶν δεδεμένων, ὅσπερ ἐδόκει αἰτιώτατος εἶναι, ὑπὸ τῶν ξυνδεσμωτῶν τινὸς εἴτε ἄρα καὶ τὰ ὄντα μηνῦσαι εἴτε καὶ οὔ· ἐπ’ ἀμφότερα γὰρ εἰκάζεται, τὸ δὲ σαφὲς οὐδεὶς οὔτε τότε οὔτε ὕστερον ἔχει εἰπεῖν περὶ τῶν δρασάντων τὸ ἔργον. §6.60.3λέγων δὲ ἔπεισεν αὐτὸν ὡς χρή, εἰ μὴ καὶ δέδρακεν, αὑτόν τε ἄδειαν ποιησάμενον σῶσαι καὶ τὴν πόλιν τῆς παρούσης ὑποψίας παῦσαι· βεβαιοτέραν γὰρ αὐτῷ σωτηρίαν εἶναι ὁμολογήσαντι μετ’ ἀδείας ἢ ἀρνηθέντι διὰ δίκης ἐλθεῖν.
And as they were angry for this reason, and many notable men were already in prison, and there appeared to be no end, but day by day they grew more savage and arrested still more, one of the prisoners, who seemed to be the most guilty, was persuaded by one of his fellow-prisoners, whether to disclose what was true or not—for it is conjectured both ways, and no one, either then or later, can state the truth about those who did the deed— persuaded him by arguing that he ought, even if he had not done it, to save himself by securing immunity, and to deliver the city from its present suspicion; for a safer deliverance was assured to him if he confessed under immunity than if he denied and went through a trial.
§6.60.4καὶ ὁ μὲν αὐτός τε καθ’ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ κατ’ ἄλλων μηνύει τὸ τῶν Ἑρμῶν·
And so he gave information, both against himself and against others, concerning the Herms.
ὁ δὲ δῆμος ὁ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἄσμενος λαβών, ὡς ᾤετο, τὸ σαφὲς καὶ δεινὸν ποιούμενοι πρότερον εἰ τοὺς ἐπιβουλεύοντας σφῶν τῷ πλήθει μὴ εἴσονται, τὸν μὲν μηνυτὴν εὐθὺς καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ ὅσων μὴ κατηγορήκει ἔλυσαν, τοὺς δὲ καταιτιαθέντας κρίσεις ποιήσαντες τοὺς μὲν ἀπέκτειναν, ὅσοι ξυνελήφθησαν, τῶν δὲ διαφυγόντων θάνατον καταγνόντες ἐπανεῖπον ἀργύριον τῷ ἀποκτείναντι.
The Athenian people, gladly receiving what they believed to be the truth, having previously thought it intolerable if they should not know those who were plotting against their democracy, immediately released the informer and the others with him whom he had not accused; but they put the accused on trial, executing those who had been arrested, and condemning to death those who had fled, offering a reward to anyone who should kill them.
§6.60.5κἀν τούτῳ οἱ μὲν παθόντες ἄδηλον ἦν εἰ ἀδίκως ἐτετιμώρηντο, ἡ μέντοι ἄλλη πόλις ἐν τῷ παρόντι περιφανῶς ὠφέλητο.
And in this, while it was unclear whether those who suffered had been punished unjustly, the rest of the city was, for the present, manifestly benefited.

Notes

  1. §6.60.1ὧν — A neuter plural genitive relative pronoun referring to the whole chain of events detailed in the preceding chapter (ch. 59), including the conspiracy of Harmodius and Aristogeiton and the tyranny of Hippias. It functions as the genitive object of the participle ἐνθυμούμενος.
  2. §6.60.2ὡς αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ τοιοῦτον ὀργιζομένων — A genitive absolute construction with ὡς. The pronoun αὐτῶν (the Athenian people) is the subject of the participle ὀργιζομένων, and ὡς introduces the subjective reason or perspective of the citizens' anger within the prevailing atmosphere.
  3. §6.60.2οὐκ ἐν παύλῃ ἐφαίνετο — The verb ἐφαίνετο is used impersonally here, which combined with ἐν παύλῃ (literally, 'in a pause/ceasing') indicates the situation of the state where there appeared to be no end to the arrests.
  4. §6.60.3εἰ μὴ καὶ δέδρακεν — A conditional clause consisting of εἰ with the perfect indicative. It carries a concessive force, 'even if he has not actually done it', highlighting the persuasive logic that accounts for the suspect's potential innocence.
  5. §6.60.3ὁμολογήσαντι ... ἢ ἀρνηθέντι — Dative participles. They agree with the dative pronoun αὐτῷ (for him, the suspect) which is the reference point for the comparative safety within the indirect speech indirect infinitive εἶναι, contrasting the options of confessing under immunity and denying under trial.
  6. §6.60.4δεινὸν ποιούμενοι πρότερον εἰ ... μὴ εἴσονται — The nominative plural participle ποιούμενοι agrees with the singular collective noun ὁ δῆμος according to the sense (ad sensum). The εἰ clause depending on a verb of emotion is not indirect question but expresses the cause of concern ('the fact that...'), meaning 'the fact that they would not know who was plotting'. εἴσονται is the future of οἶδα.
  7. §6.60.5οἱ μὲν παθόντες ἄδηλον ἦν εἰ — The phrase οἱ παθόντες (those who suffered) is introduced in the nominative, but functions as the logical subject of the following clause ἄδηλον ἦν εἰ ... ἐτετιμώρηντο (prolepsis or nominativus pendens). It structures the sentence as: 'as for those who suffered, it was unclear whether they had been punished unjustly'.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §6.60.1-6.60.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.60.1-6.60.5

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