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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §5.65.1-5.65.6

Agis's Retreat and Diversion of the Watercourse

Passage 565 of 917 · Greek

Summary

The Lacedaemonian army retreats before engaging the Argives on their strong hill position, and King Agis diverts a watercourse in Tegea to draw them down to level ground. The Argive soldiers, frustrated by the enemy's escape, once again accuse their generals of hesitation, prompting the commanders to move their forces down to the plain.

§5.65.1οἱ δ’ Ἀργεῖοι καὶ οἱ ξύμμαχοι ὡς εἶδον αὐτούς, καταλαβόντες χωρίον ἐρυμνὸν καὶ δυσπρόσοδον παρετάξαντο ὡς ἐς μάχην.
The Argives and their allies, when they saw them, occupied a strong and inaccessible position and drew themselves up as if for battle.
§5.65.2καὶ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι εὐθὺς αὐτοῖς ἐπῇσαν· καὶ μέχρι μὲν λίθου καὶ ἀκοντίου βολῆς ἐχώρησαν, ἔπειτα τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τις Ἄγιδι ἐπεβόησεν, ὁρῶν πρὸς χωρίον καρτερὸν ἰόντας σφᾶς, ὅτι διανοεῖται κακὸν κακῷ ἰᾶσθαι, δηλῶν τῆς ἐξ Ἄργους ἐπαιτίου ἀναχωρήσεως τὴν παροῦσαν ἄκαιρον προθυμίαν ἀνάληψιν βουλόμενον εἶναι.
And the Lacedaemonians immediately advanced against them; and they had gone as far as a stone's throw or a javelin's cast, when one of the elder men called out to Agis, seeing them advancing against a strong position, that he was purposing to cure evil with evil, meaning that his present untimely eagerness was a desire to make amends for his blameworthy retreat from Argos.
§5.65.3ὁ δέ, εἴτε καὶ διὰ τὸ ἐπιβόημα εἴτε καὶ αὐτῷ ἄλλο τι ἢ κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ δόξαν ἐξαίφνης, πάλιν τὸ στράτευμα κατὰ τάχος πρὶν ξυμμεῖξαι ἀπῆγεν.
But he, whether because of this shout or because some other or the same thought had suddenly occurred to himself, led his army back again in haste before they could engage.
§5.65.4καὶ ἀφικόμενος πρὸς τὴν Τεγεᾶτιν τὸ ὕδωρ ἐξέτρεπεν ἐς τὴν Μαντινικήν, περὶ οὗπερ ὡς τὰ πολλὰ βλάπτοντος ὁποτέρωσε ἂν ἐσπίπτῃ Μαντινῆς καὶ Τεγεᾶται πολεμοῦσιν.
And arriving in the territory of Tegea, he turned the water into the territory of Mantinea, about which—since it did great damage whichever way it flowed—the Mantineans and Tegeans were constantly at war.
ἐβούλετο δὲ τοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ λόφου βοηθοῦντας ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ ὕδατος ἐκτροπήν, ἐπειδὰν πύθωνται, καταβιβάσαι [τοὺς Ἀργείους καὶ τοὺς ξυμμάχους ] καὶ ἐν τῷ ὁμαλῷ τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι.
He wished, by drawing down the Argives and their allies from the hill to prevent the diversion of the water as soon as they heard of it, to force them to fight on level ground.
§5.65.5καὶ ὁ μὲν τὴν ἡμέραν ταύτην μείνας αὐτοῦ περὶ τὸ ὕδωρ ἐξέτρεπεν· οἱ δ’ Ἀργεῖοι καὶ οἱ ξύμμαχοι τὸ μὲν πρῶτον καταπλαγέντες τῇ ἐξ ὀλίγου αἰφνιδίῳ αὐτῶν ἀναχωρήσει οὐκ εἶχον ὅτι εἰκάσωσιν·
So he remained there for that day and turned the water; but the Argives and their allies, at first astounded by their sudden and unexpected retreat, did not know what to make of it.
εἶτα ἐπειδὴ ἀναχωροῦντες ἐκεῖνοί τε ἀπέκρυψαν καὶ σφεῖς ἡσύχαζον καὶ οὐκ ἐπηκολούθουν, ἐνταῦθα τοὺς ἑαυτῶν στρατηγοὺς αὖθις ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶχον τό τε πρότερον καλῶς ληφθέντας πρὸς Ἄργει Λακεδαιμονίους ἀφεθῆναι καὶ νῦν ὅτι ἀποδιδράσκοντας οὐδεὶς ἐπιδιώκει, ἀλλὰ καθ’ ἡσυχίαν οἱ μὲν σῴζονται, σφεῖς δὲ προδίδονται.
Afterwards, when the enemy had retreated out of sight and they themselves remained quiet without pursuing, they began once more to find fault with their generals, both because the Lacedaemonians, who had previously been caught at a disadvantage near Argos, had been let go, and because now, when they were running away, no one pursued them, but they were allowed to escape in safety while they themselves were betrayed.
§5.65.6οἱ δὲ στρατηγοὶ ἐθορυβήθησαν μὲν τὸ παραυτίκα, ὕστερον δὲ ἀπάγουσιν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ λόφου καὶ προελθόντες ἐς τὸ ὁμαλὸν ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο ὡς ἰόντες ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους.
The generals were at the moment disconcerted, but later they led them down from the hill, and advancing into the plain, encamped with the intention of marching against the enemy.

Notes

  1. §5.65.2δηλῶν ... βουλόμενον εἶναι — The subject of the infinitive `εἶναι` (Agis, in the accusative case as `Ἄγιδα`) is unexpressed, and the participle `βουλόμενον` agrees with it in the accusative. This clause functions as the complement of `δηλῶν` (whose subject is `τις`), meaning 'explaining that [Agis] wished...'
  2. §5.65.3δόξαν — An accusative absolute of the impersonal verb `δοκεῖ` ('it seems good'). Impersonal verbs form their absolute constructions in the accusative rather than the genitive. Here it expresses cause: 'it having suddenly seemed good to him' (i.e., 'since a different or the same thought had occurred to him').
  3. §5.65.5οὐκ εἶχον ὅτι εἰκάσωσιν — The verb `ἔχω` used with a negative meaning 'not to know what/how to', followed by an indirect question with a deliberative subjunctive `ὅτι εἰκάσωσιν`. Although the main verb `εἶχον` is in the past tense, the subjunctive is retained instead of being changed to the optative for dramatic vividness.

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §5.65.1-5.65.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.65.1-5.65.6

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