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Thucydides · History of the Peloponnesian War §4.74.1-4.74.4

Coup at Megara and the Establishment of Oligarchy

Passage 439 of 917 · Greek

Summary

After the disbandment of the allies, Brasidas returns to prepare for his Thracian expedition. In Megara, the pro-Athenian partisans flee, and the returning exiles carry out a coup to establish a strict oligarchy that lasts for a very long time.

§4.74.1καὶ ὕστερον ὁ μὲν διαλυθέντων τῶν ξυμμάχων κατὰ πόλεις ἐπανελθὼν καὶ αὐτὸς ἐς τὴν Κόρινθον τὴν ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης στρατείαν παρεσκεύαζεν, ἵναπερ καὶ τὸ πρῶτον ὥρμητο· §4.74.2οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ πόλει Μεγαρῆς, ἀποχωρησάντων καὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἐπ’ οἴκου, ὅσοι μὲν τῶν πραγμάτων πρὸς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους μάλιστα μετέσχον, εἰδότες ὅτι ὤφθησαν εὐθὺς ὑπεξῆλθον, οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι κοινολογησάμενοι τοῖς τῶν φευγόντων φίλοις κατάγουσι τοὺς ἐκ Πηγῶν, ὁρκώσαντες πίστεσι μεγάλαις μηδὲν μνησικακήσειν, βουλεύσειν δὲ τῇ πόλει τὰ ἄριστα. §4.74.3οἱ δὲ ἐπειδὴ ἐν ταῖς ἀρχαῖς ἐγένοντο καὶ ἐξέτασιν ὅπλων ἐποιήσαντο, διαστήσαντες τοὺς λόχους ἐξελέξαντο τῶν τε ἐχθρῶν καὶ οἳ ἐδόκουν μάλιστα ξυμπρᾶξαι τὰ πρὸς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους ἄνδρας ὡς ἑκατόν, καὶ τούτων πέρι ἀναγκάσαντες τὸν δῆμον ψῆφον φανερὰν διενεγκεῖν, ὡς κατεγνώσθησαν, ἔκτειναν, καὶ ἐς ὀλιγαρχίαν τὰ μάλιστα κατέστησαν τὴν πόλιν. §4.74.4καὶ πλεῖστον δὴ χρόνον αὕτη ὑπ’ ἐλαχίστων γενομένη ἐκ στάσεως μετάστασις ξυνέμεινεν.
Afterwards, when the allies had dispersed to their respective cities, Brasidas himself also returned to Corinth and prepared for the expedition to Thrace, which indeed he had set out to do from the very beginning. Meanwhile, the Megarians in the city—when the Athenians also had withdrawn home—those who had been most involved in the negotiations with the Athenians, knowing that they had been discovered, immediately fled secretly; while the rest, having conferred with the friends of the exiles, brought back those from Pegae, having bound them by solemn oaths to bear no malice and to consult for the best interests of the city. But when these latter entered into office and held a review of the arms, having separated the companies, they selected about a hundred men from among their enemies and those who seemed to have been most active in promoting the cause of the Athenians; and having compelled the people to pass a public vote upon them, when they were condemned, they put them to death, and established the city into a strict oligarchy. And this change of government, arising from faction and established by a very few, remained in force for a very long time.

Notes

  1. §4.74.2ὤφθησαν — Passive aorist third person plural of ὁράω. Structurally, the subject is 'those who had been most involved in the negotiations,' literally meaning 'they were seen.' In this context, it signifies that their treasonous activities or identities 'were discovered' or 'exposed.'
  2. §4.74.3τῶν τε ἐχθρῶν καὶ οἳ ἐδόκουν — This phrase describes the source from which the object of ἐξελέξαντο (ἄνδρας ὡς ἑκατόν, 'about a hundred men') was selected. The partitive genitive noun phrase τῶν ἐχθρῶν and the relative clause [τούτων] οἳ ἐδόκουν (with an omitted antecedent) are coordinated asymmetrically by τε καί.
  3. §4.74.4αὕτη ὑπ’ ἐλαχίστων γενομένη ἐκ στάσεως μετάστασις — The subject noun μετάστασις (change of government) is modified by the demonstrative pronoun αὕτη (without an article) and the attributive participle phrase ὑπ’ ἐλαχίστων γενομένη (brought about by very few) along with the prepositional phrase ἐκ στάσεως (arising from faction). The construction ὑπό with the genitive indicates the agent of the passive sense of γίγνομαι ('to be brought about').

Cite this passage

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War §4.74.1-4.74.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:4.74.1-4.74.4

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